Glutamate decarboxylase alpha (P69908)

Identification
Name:Glutamate decarboxylase alpha
Synonyms:
  • GAD-alpha
Gene Name:gadA
Enzyme Class:
Biological Properties
General Function:Involved in glutamate decarboxylase activity
Specific Function:Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria
Cellular Location:Not Available
SMPDB Pathways:
KEGG Pathways:
KEGG Reactions:
1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Glutamate + 1.0Hydrogen ion ↔ 1.0gamma-Aminobutyric acid + 1.0Carbon dioxide
ReactionCard
1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Aspartic acid + 1.0Hydrogen ion ↔ 1.0beta-Alanine + 1.0Carbon dioxide
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1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Glutamate ↔ 1.0gamma-Aminobutyric acid + 1.0Carbon dioxide
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1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Aspartic acid ↔ 1.0beta-Alanine + 1.0Carbon dioxide
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1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0Cysteic acid ↔ 1.0Taurine + 1.0Carbon dioxide
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1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.03-Sulfinoalanine ↔ 1.0Hypotaurine + 1.0Carbon dioxide
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SMPDB Reactions:
1.0Thumb → 1.0Hypotaurine+1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.03-Sulfinoalanine → 1.0Hypotaurine + 1.0Carbon dioxide + 1.0Hypotaurine
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1.0Cysteic acid+1.0Thumb → 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0Cysteic acid + 1.0Cysteic acid → 1.0Taurine + 1.0Carbon dioxide
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1.0L-Glutamic acid+1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb → 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Glutamic acid + 1.0Hydrogen ion + 1.0L-Glutamate → 1.0Carbon dioxide + 1.04-(Glutamylamino) butanoate
ReactionCard
EcoCyc Reactions:
1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Glutamate + 1.0Hydrogen ion ↔ 1.0gamma-Aminobutyric acid + 1.0Carbon dioxide
ReactionCard
1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb ↔ 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Aspartic acid + 1.0Hydrogen ion ↔ 1.0beta-Alanine + 1.0Carbon dioxide
ReactionCard
Complex Reactions:
1.0Thumb → 1.0Thumb+1.0Thumb
1.0L-Glutamate → 1.0gamma-Aminobutyric acid + 1.0Carbon dioxide
ReactionCard
Metabolites:
ECMDB IDNameView
ECMDB009963-SulfinoalanineMetaboCard
ECMDB121614-(Glutamylamino) butanoateMetaboCard
ECMDB00510Aminoadipic acidMetaboCard
ECMDB00056beta-AlanineMetaboCard
ECMDB04030Carbon dioxideMetaboCard
ECMDB02757Cysteic acidMetaboCard
ECMDB04017gamma-Aminobutyric acidMetaboCard
ECMDB21225Hydrogen ionMetaboCard
ECMDB00965HypotaurineMetaboCard
ECMDB00191L-Aspartic acidMetaboCard
ECMDB00148L-GlutamateMetaboCard
ECMDB00251TaurineMetaboCard
GO Classification:
Function
binding
carbon-carbon lyase activity
carboxy-lyase activity
catalytic activity
cofactor binding
glutamate decarboxylase activity
lyase activity
pyridoxal phosphate binding
Process
carboxylic acid metabolic process
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
cellular amino acid metabolic process
cellular metabolic process
glutamate metabolic process
glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
metabolic process
organic acid metabolic process
oxoacid metabolic process
Gene Properties
Blattner:b3517
Gene OrientationCounterclockwise
Centisome Percentage:78.98
Left Sequence End3664203
Right Sequence End3665603
Gene Sequence:
>1401 bp
ATGGGGCAATCATCGCAACCACATGAGTTAGGCGGCGGGCTGAAGTCACGCCACGTCACC
ATGTTGTCTATTGCCGGTGTTATCGGCGCAAGTCTGTTTGTCGGTTCCAGCGTCGCCATC
GCCGAAGCGGGCCCGGCGGTATTACTGGCCTATCTGTTCGCCGGGCTACTGGTGGTTATG
ATTATGCGGATGTTGGCGGAAATGGCGGTTGCCACGCCCGATACCGGTTCGTTTTCCACC
TATGCCGATAAAGCCATTGGTCGCTGGGCGGGCTATACCATCGGCTGGTTGTACTGGTGG
TTTTGGGTACTGGTTATCCCGCTGGAAGCCAACATCGCCGCCATGATCCTGCACTCATGG
GTTCCAGGCATTCCCATCTGGTTATTTTCCCTCGTCATTACCCTCGCCTTAACTGGCAGT
AACTTATTAAGCGTTAAAAACTACGGCGAATTTGAGTTCTGGCTGGCGCTGTGCAAAGTC
ATCGCTATCCTGGCCTTTATTTTCCTTGGTGCAGTCGCAATTAGCGGTTTTTACCCGTAT
GCCGAAGTGAGCGGGATCTCAAGATTGTGGGATAGCGGCGGCTTTATGCCCAACGGTTTC
GGTGCGGTATTAAGCGCGATGTTGATCACCATGTTCTCGTTTATGGGCGCAGAAATTGTC
ACCATTGCCGCCGCGGAATCCGACACGCCGGAAAAACATATTGTCCGCGCCACCAACTCG
GTTATCTGGCGTATTTCTATCTTCTATTTATGTTCTATTTTTGTCGTCGTGGCATTAATT
CCGTGGAATATGCCCGGACTAAAAGCCGTCGGTTCTTATCGCTCGGTACTGGAATTGCTC
AATATTCCCCATGCGAAATTAATCATGGACTGCGTGATATTACTTTCCGTAACCAGTTGC
CTGAACTCGGCGCTGTATACCGCGTCAAGGATGCTCTACTCCTTAAGTCGTCGCGGTGAT
GCTCCCGCGGTAATGGGTAAAATCAACCGCAGTAAAACCCCGTACGTGGCGGTGTTACTC
TCCACCGGCGCGGCATTCTTAACGGTGGTGGTGAACTATTACGCGCCTGCGAAGGTATTT
AAATTTCTGATCGACAGCTCCGGCGCTATCGCCCTGCTGGTTTATTTAGTCATCGCCGTT
TCACAGTTGCGGATGCGCAAAATTCTGCGAGCAGAAGGAAGCGAAATTCGCTTGCGAATG
TGGCTTTATCCGTGGCTCACCTGGCTAGTCATCGGCTTTATTACCTTTGTGTTGGTAGTG
ATGCTATTCCGTCCGGCGCAACAGTTAGAAGTGATCTCCACCGGCTTATTAGCGATAGGG
ATTATCTGTACCGTGCCAATTATGGCTCGCTGGAAAAAGCTGGTATTGTGGCAAAAAACA
CCCGTTCATAATACGCGCTGA
Protein Properties
Pfam Domain Function:
Protein Residues:466
Protein Molecular Weight:52685
Protein Theoretical pI:5
PDB File:1XEY
Signaling Regions:
  • None
Transmembrane Regions:
  • None
Protein Sequence:
>Glutamate decarboxylase alpha
MDQKLLTDFRSELLDSRFGAKAISTIAESKRFPLHEMRDDVAFQIINDELYLDGNARQNL
ATFCQTWDDENVHKLMDLSINKNWIDKEEYPQSAAIDLRCVNMVADLWHAPAPKNGQAVG
TNTIGSSEACMLGGMAMKWRWRKRMEAAGKPTDKPNLVCGPVQICWHKFARYWDVELREI
PMRPGQLFMDPKRMIEACDENTIGVVPTFGVTYTGNYEFPQPLHDALDKFQADTGIDIDM
HIDAASGGFLAPFVAPDIVWDFRLPRVKSISASGHKFGLAPLGCGWVIWRDEEALPQELV
FNVDYLGGQIGTFAINFSRPAGQVIAQYYEFLRLGREGYTKVQNASYQVAAYLADEIAKL
GPYEFICTGRPDEGIPAVCFKLKDGEDPGYTLYDLSERLRLRGWQVPAFTLGGEATDIVV
MRIMCRRGFEMDFAELLLEDYKASLKYLSDHPKLQGIAQQNSFKHT
References
External Links:
ResourceLink
Uniprot ID:P69908
Uniprot Name:DCEA_ECOLI
GenBank Gene ID:AP009048
Genebank Protein ID:1800049
PDB ID:1XEY
Ecogene ID:EG50009
Ecocyc:EG50009
ColiBase:b3517
Kegg Gene:b3517
EchoBASE ID:EB4302
CCDB:DCEA_ECOLI
BacMap:16131389
General Reference:
  • Blattner, F. R., Plunkett, G. 3rd, Bloch, C. A., Perna, N. T., Burland, V., Riley, M., Collado-Vides, J., Glasner, J. D., Rode, C. K., Mayhew, G. F., Gregor, J., Davis, N. W., Kirkpatrick, H. A., Goeden, M. A., Rose, D. J., Mau, B., Shao, Y. (1997). "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12." Science 277:1453-1462. Pubmed: 9278503
  • De Biase, D., Tramonti, A., Bossa, F., Visca, P. (1999). "The response to stationary-phase stress conditions in Escherichia coli: role and regulation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase system." Mol Microbiol 32:1198-1211. Pubmed: 10383761
  • Hayashi, K., Morooka, N., Yamamoto, Y., Fujita, K., Isono, K., Choi, S., Ohtsubo, E., Baba, T., Wanner, B. L., Mori, H., Horiuchi, T. (2006). "Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110." Mol Syst Biol 2:2006.0007. Pubmed: 16738553
  • Link, A. J., Robison, K., Church, G. M. (1997). "Comparing the predicted and observed properties of proteins encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12." Electrophoresis 18:1259-1313. Pubmed: 9298646
  • Ma, Z., Gong, S., Richard, H., Tucker, D. L., Conway, T., Foster, J. W. (2003). "GadE (YhiE) activates glutamate decarboxylase-dependent acid resistance in Escherichia coli K-12." Mol Microbiol 49:1309-1320. Pubmed: 12940989
  • Ma, Z., Richard, H., Tucker, D. L., Conway, T., Foster, J. W. (2002). "Collaborative regulation of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance by two AraC-like regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW)." J Bacteriol 184:7001-7012. Pubmed: 12446650
  • Maras, B., Sweeney, G., Barra, D., Bossa, F., John, R. A. (1992). "The amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Evolutionary relationship between mammalian and bacterial enzymes." Eur J Biochem 204:93-98. Pubmed: 1740158
  • Masuda, N., Church, G. M. (2002). "Escherichia coli gene expression responsive to levels of the response regulator EvgA." J Bacteriol 184:6225-6234. Pubmed: 12399493
  • Masuda, N., Church, G. M. (2003). "Regulatory network of acid resistance genes in Escherichia coli." Mol Microbiol 48:699-712. Pubmed: 12694615
  • Smith, D. K., Kassam, T., Singh, B., Elliott, J. F. (1992). "Escherichia coli has two homologous glutamate decarboxylase genes that map to distinct loci." J Bacteriol 174:5820-5826. Pubmed: 1522060
  • Sofia, H. J., Burland, V., Daniels, D. L., Plunkett, G. 3rd, Blattner, F. R. (1994). "Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. V. DNA sequence of the region from 76.0 to 81.5 minutes." Nucleic Acids Res 22:2576-2586. Pubmed: 8041620
  • Tramonti, A., Visca, P., De Canio, M., Falconi, M., De Biase, D. (2002). "Functional characterization and regulation of gadX, a gene encoding an AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli glutamic acid decarboxylase system." J Bacteriol 184:2603-2613. Pubmed: 11976288
  • Waterman, S. R., Small, P. L. (2003). "Transcriptional expression of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance genes gadA and gadBC in an hns rpoS mutant." J Bacteriol 185:4644-4647. Pubmed: 12867478
  • Yoshida, T., Yamashino, T., Ueguchi, C., Mizuno, T. (1993). "Expression of the Escherichia coli dimorphic glutamic acid decarboxylases is regulated by the nucleoid protein H-NS." Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 57:1568-1569. Pubmed: 7764225