Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-08-09 09:25:27 -0600
Update Date2015-06-03 17:21:47 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB21561
Identification
Name:N-Acetylglucosamine
DescriptionN-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (N-acetlyglucosamine, GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. Chemically it is an amide between glucosamine and acetic acid. It is part of peptidoglycan, a biopolymer in bacterial cell walls, built from alternating units of GlcNAc and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), cross-linked with oligopeptides at the lactic acid residue of MurNAc. It is a key component of peptidoglycan synthesis. The peptidoglycan synthesis pathway starts at the cytoplasm, where in six steps the peptidoglycan precursor a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide is synthesized. This precursor is then attached to the memberane acceptor all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate, generating a N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-diphosphoundecaprenol, also known as lipid I. Another transferase then adds UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, yielding the complete monomeric unit a lipid II, also known as lipid II. This final lipid intermediate is transferred through the membrane. The peptidoglycan monomers are then polymerized on the outside surface by glycosyltransferases, which form the linear glycan chains, and transpeptidases, which catalyze the formation of peptide crosslinks.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 2-(acetylamino)-2-Deoxy-b-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-D-Glucose
  • 2-(acetylamino)-2-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxyhexose
  • 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxyhexose (ACD/Name 4.0)
  • 2-acetamido-2-Deoxy-b-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose
  • 2-acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose
  • 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyhexopyranose
  • 2-Acetamido-D-glucose
  • 2-Acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose
  • N-acetylglucosamine
  • Acetylglucosamine
  • BetaGlcNAc
  • D-N-Acetylglucosamine
  • Glcnac
  • GlcNAc-b
  • GlcNAc-beta
  • GlcNAc-β
  • Glucosamine Complex
  • N-Acetyl-b-D-glucosamine
  • N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
  • N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
  • N-Acetyl-D-hexosamine
  • N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosamine
  • N-Acetylchitosamine
  • N-Acetylglucosamine
  • NAcGlc
  • NAG
Chemical Formula:C8H15NO6
Weight:Average: 221.2078
Monoisotopic: 221.089937217
InChI Key:OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-RTRLPJTCSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8?/m1/s1
CAS number:7512-17-6
IUPAC Name:N-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
Traditional IUPAC Name:GlcNAc
SMILES:CC(=O)N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminosugars. These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentAcylaminosugars
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acylaminosugar
  • N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Acetamide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:210 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:167 mg/mLPhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility254 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logP-3.2ChemAxon
logS0.06ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.6ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.78ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area119.25 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity47.02 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability20.56 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
1,6-anhydro-<i>N</i>-acetylmuramic acid recyclingPW002064 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism IPW000886 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism IIPW000887 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism IIIPW000895 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
inner membrane transportPW000786 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:Not Available
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ktb-1931000000-1c4cb4ec9b01c3571b7dView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ktb-0931000000-943fefe13d3449a92db7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f9j-1930000000-388fd70c48f209a58653View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9620000000-1fd16b8e8608db3ef657View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9620000000-ceed8b621b338130ce76View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9620000000-8a3ade37d256b2bd4585View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ktb-1931000000-1c4cb4ec9b01c3571b7dView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ktb-0931000000-943fefe13d3449a92db7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f9j-1930000000-388fd70c48f209a58653View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9620000000-1fd16b8e8608db3ef657View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9620000000-ceed8b621b338130ce76View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9620000000-8a3ade37d256b2bd4585View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0ue9-6920000000-c07df80c6fb758af9cd2View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0007-3332900000-ee533266929b5b95ee4dView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9800000000-d2628c9d8baf55923bf5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9500000000-76ab0b7c683cc252741dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9400000000-5b6f61c6f220e75c6736View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9500000000-17fd92d5a45dc38915afView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9300000000-ccb575a1c77c8addd5feView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9500000000-bf8c7a4f84891bcf3eb2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-f38ecd220da0924d093cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0ab9-9400000000-eaa89be4aad99c7a4503View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-000i-3900000000-819a6ad0f73785d9287cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-1910000000-723db02c59f390b489a7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0537-9000000000-735f54db3223e736c337View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-003e-9600000000-197c8bc76e52b96b9871View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-1490000000-40dfe33adabe6ad7a7a8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0il0-2940000000-880c7b1fb58ed63f0ee2View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-01ox-9400000000-e1f07558d7921e9f24e1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-05g0-8920000000-d504941e0508d1593f33View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9820000000-753556be259b7e745ba7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9100000000-bad102d081eb3bbc006bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9500000000-2c2b09cb6bfb29039085View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0abc-9540000000-a1f7d557237a521d306aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-18eabe9e3d3657888360View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0390000000-3820a7eec5a8c72f49d9View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0h90-9740000000-db880363194a3979c637View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0229-9200000000-cdcf015aa799dc7d6d8bView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Collard CD, Montalto MC, Reenstra WR, Buras JA, Stahl GL: Endothelial oxidative stress activates the lectin complement pathway: role of cytokeratin 1. Am J Pathol. 2001 Sep;159(3):1045-54. Pubmed: 11549596
  • Hatcher VB, Schwarzmann GO, Jeanloz RW, McArthur JW: Changes in the sialic acid concentration in the major cervical glycoprotein from the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) during a hormonally induced cycle. Fertil Steril. 1977 Jun;28(6):682-8. Pubmed: 405259
  • Kottgen E, Hell B, Muller C, Kainer F, Tauber R: Developmental changes in the glycosylation and binding properties of human fibronectins. Characterization of the glycan structures and ligand binding of human fibronectins from adult plasma, cord blood and amniotic fluid. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1989 Dec;370(12):1285-94. Pubmed: 2619923
  • Madrid JF, Castells MT, Martinez-Menarguez JA, Aviles M, Hernandez F, Ballesta J: Subcellular characterization of glycoproteins in the principal cells of human gallbladder. A lectin cytochemical study. Histochemistry. 1994 Mar;101(3):195-204. Pubmed: 8056619
  • Mollicone R, Candelier JJ, Mennesson B, Couillin P, Venot AP, Oriol R: Five specificity patterns of (1----3)-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity defined by use of synthetic oligosaccharide acceptors. Differential expression of the enzymes during human embryonic development and in adult tissues. Carbohydr Res. 1992 Apr 10;228(1):265-76. Pubmed: 1366057
  • Nakagawa F, Schulte BA, Spicer SS: Lectin cytochemical evaluation of somatosensory neurons and their peripheral and central processes in rat and man. Cell Tissue Res. 1986;245(3):579-89. Pubmed: 3757018
  • Percheron F: [Beta-D-mannosidase] Bull Acad Natl Med. 1995 May;179(5):881-91; discussion 892. Pubmed: 7583460
  • Slawson, C., Housley, M. P., Hart, G. W. (2006). "O-GlcNAc cycling: how a single sugar post-translational modification is changing the way we think about signaling networks." J Cell Biochem 97:71-83. Pubmed: 16237703
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Weiner B, Fischer T, Waxman S: Hemostasis in the era of the chronic anticoagulated patient. J Invasive Cardiol. 2003 Nov;15(11):669-73; quiz 674. Pubmed: 14608143
  • Yates AD, Watkins WM: Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates. A UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose: beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-saccharide (1 leads to 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyltransferase in human serum. Carbohydr Res. 1983 Aug 16;120:251-68. Pubmed: 6226355
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID28009
HMDB IDHMDB00215
Pubchem Compound ID439174
Kegg IDC00140
ChemSpider ID388319
WikipediaN-Acetylglucosamine
BioCyc IDN-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE
EcoCyc IDN-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylglucosamine transport
Gene Name:
nagE
Uniprot ID:
P09323
Molecular weight:
68346
Reactions
Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine.
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Bifunctional enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity
Gene Name:
chiA
Uniprot ID:
P13656
Molecular weight:
97057
Reactions
Random hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins.
Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.
General function:
Involved in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
Specific function:
Cleaves GlcNAc linked beta-1,4 to MurNAc tripeptides
Gene Name:
nagZ
Uniprot ID:
P75949
Molecular weight:
37594
Reactions
Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.
General function:
Involved in N-acetylglucosamine kinase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) derived from cell-wall degradation, yielding GlcNAc-6-P. Has also low level glucokinase activity in vitro
Gene Name:
nagK
Uniprot ID:
P75959
Molecular weight:
33042
Reactions
ATP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.

Transporters

General function:
Involved in protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylglucosamine transport
Gene Name:
nagE
Uniprot ID:
P09323
Molecular weight:
68346
Reactions
Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine.
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Bifunctional enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity
Gene Name:
chiA
Uniprot ID:
P13656
Molecular weight:
97057
Reactions
Random hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins.
Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.