Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:54:12 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:11 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB01545
Identification
Name:Pyridoxal
DescriptionPyridoxal is the 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids and other compounds.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxaldehyde
  • Pyridoxal
  • Pyridoxaldehyde
Chemical Formula:C8H9NO3
Weight:Average: 167.162
Monoisotopic: 167.058243159
InChI Key:RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H9NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,4,10,12H,3H2,1H3
CAS number:66-72-8
IUPAC Name:3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde
Traditional IUPAC Name:pyridoxal
SMILES:CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridoxals and derivatives. Pyridoxals and derivatives are compounds containing a pyridoxal moiety, which consists of a pyridine ring substituted at positions 2,3,4, and 5 by a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbaldehyde group, and a hydroxymethyl group, respectively.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPyridine carboxaldehydes
Direct ParentPyridoxals and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyridoxal
  • Aryl-aldehyde
  • Hydroxypyridine
  • Methylpyridine
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aldehyde
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:165 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:500.0 mg/mL [COFFEN,DL (1978)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility11.7 g/LALOGPS
logP0.02ALOGPS
logP0.18ChemAxon
logS-1.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.97ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.11ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area70.42 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity43.87 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.28 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
Vitamin B6 1430936196PW000891 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-2690000000-5d018202be238b10582aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0aou-3974000000-8c963fdc714896ad343aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-001j-0590000000-ed8a55680a0c9fa9cbafView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 2 TMS)splash10-0a4i-5695000000-bd3bb22a5dd4a600cb6cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 2 TMS)splash10-0aor-5895000000-e55e01ca30d17d2a8a72View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0a4i-5695000000-bd3bb22a5dd4a600cb6cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0aor-5895000000-e55e01ca30d17d2a8a72View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-56d1f96c5ac868ce42a6View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00fs-6190000000-78d7f54ce0c5338f815fView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0002-0900000000-4ce3f52baa36006ef4b2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00kg-9500000000-658a96f6cda4a96de045View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0gbc-9000000000-233fc8ab067b0dcd1f14View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-c49b207cafcf1c21302dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-cad83f5f123a879fa0bbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-4f12feae0e11a6d9016bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-2900000000-56fcdbb9b4363c84d2d0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-056r-9400000000-9700c9585f6c540bf007View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0gb9-0900000000-e646a99b0c1521d1c8ddView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-8fce1a7d8ceb3fced3edView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0udl-6900000000-e2fc0eaa17e57d0a2556View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-00kf-9200000000-0bda29931f8b6f2fcc77View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014l-9000000000-469c127d1aef4f8a51d7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-0udi-2900000000-63ebef5a0818d6a1ccb8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-05n0-0900000000-f468a00d88bedc116485View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-c49b207cafcf1c21302dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-bf0686eb8e3c28c30e85View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-686848e0f222273e5089View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-2900000000-99577e7f4a39e47c5c42View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0uxr-0900000000-7f4ef736d1a810b2e8abView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-9c4ead9423b52a47b2feView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0udi-9500000000-aa6a11948622748c8469View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-dd6386614990770eaae5View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-e9de9bab2598f0316525View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0abc-9300000000-f4bc767c42577b6a1d5fView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Bosse TR, Donald EA: The vitamin B6 requirement in oral contraceptive users. I. Assessment by pyridoxal level and transferase activity in erythrocytes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 May;32(5):1015-23. Pubmed: 433818
  • Brenner A, Wapnir RA: A pyridoxine-dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid. Am J Dis Child. 1978 Aug;132(8):773-6. Pubmed: 150790
  • el-Habet AE, el-Sewedy SM, el-Sharaky A, Gaafar NK, Abdel-Rafee A, Hamoud F: Biochemical studies on bilharzial and nonbilharzial hyperoxaluria: effect of pyridoxine and allopurinol treatment. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1987 Aug;38(1):1-8. Pubmed: 3663392
  • Fonda ML: Vitamin B6 metabolism and binding to proteins in the blood of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Dec;17(6):1171-8. Pubmed: 8116826
  • Huang YC, Lan PH, Cheng CH, Lee BJ, Kan MN: Vitamin B6 intakes and status of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients in Taiwan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):387-92. Pubmed: 12001008
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Kark JA, Bongiovanni R, Hicks CU, Tarassoff PG, Hannah JS, Yoshida GY: Modification of intracellular hemoglobin with pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Blood Cells. 1982;8(2):299-314. Pubmed: 7159754
  • Kark JA, Tarassoff PG, Bongiovanni R: Pyridoxal phosphate as an antisickling agent in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1983 May;71(5):1224-9. Pubmed: 6853710
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Linares P, Luque de Castro MD, Valcarcel M: Simultaneous determination of pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5-phosphate in human serum by flow injection analysis. Anal Chem. 1985 Sep;57(11):2101-6. Pubmed: 4051187
  • Mehansho H, Henderson LM: Transport and accumulation of pyridoxine and pyridoxal by erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11901-7. Pubmed: 7440576
  • Rajamohan F, Nelms L, Joslin DL, Lu B, Reagan WJ, Lawton M: cDNA cloning, expression, purification, distribution, and characterization of biologically active canine alanine aminotransferase-1. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 Jul;48(1):81-9. Epub 2006 Jan 30. Pubmed: 16495081
  • Schenker S, Johnson RF, Mahuren JD, Henderson GI, Coburn SP: Human placental vitamin B6 (pyridoxal) transport: normal characteristics and effects of ethanol. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jun;262(6 Pt 2):R966-74. Pubmed: 1621875
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Yiakouvaki A, Savovic J, Al-Qenaei A, Dowden J, Pourzand C: Caged-iron chelators a novel approach towards protecting skin cells against UVA-induced necrotic cell death. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Oct;126(10):2287-95. Epub 2006 May 18. Pubmed: 16710308
Synthesis Reference:Fujimoto, Yasuo. Pyridoxal. Jpn. Tokkyo Koho (1971), 2 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17310
HMDB IDHMDB01545
Pubchem Compound ID1050
Kegg IDC00250
ChemSpider ID1021
WikipediaPyridoxal
BioCyc IDPYRIDOXAL
EcoCyc IDPYRIDOXAL
Ligand ExpoPXL

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the artificial chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and of the natural substrates pyridoxalphosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate
Gene Name:
ybhA
Uniprot ID:
P21829
Molecular weight:
30201
General function:
Involved in pyridoxal kinase activity
Specific function:
Phosphorylates B6 vitamers; functions in a salvage pathway. Uses pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine as substrates
Gene Name:
pdxK
Uniprot ID:
P40191
Molecular weight:
30847
Reactions
ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 4-amino-2-methyl-5- hydroxymethylpyrimidine pyrophosphate (HMP-PP) to 4-amino-2- methyl-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P). Can also hydrolyze other substrates such as MeO-HMP-PP and CF(3)-HMP-PP
Gene Name:
cof
Uniprot ID:
P46891
Molecular weight:
30371
General function:
Involved in pyridoxal kinase activity
Specific function:
Phosphorylates B6 vitamers; functions in a salvage pathway. Uses pyridoxamine, but has negligible activity toward pyridoxal and pyridoxine as substrates
Gene Name:
pdxY
Uniprot ID:
P77150
Molecular weight:
31322
Reactions
ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Specific function unknown
Gene Name:
yigL
Uniprot ID:
P27848
Molecular weight:
29708
Reactions
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H(2)O = pyridoxal + phosphate.
Sugar phosphate + H(2)O = sugar + phosphate.
General function:
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'- phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)
Gene Name:
pdxH
Uniprot ID:
P0AFI7
Molecular weight:
25545
Reactions
Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H(2)O + O(2) = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH(3) + H(2)O(2).
Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O(2) = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H(2)O(2).

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368