Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:48:23 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:10 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB01256
Identification
Name:Spermine
DescriptionSpermine is a biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 1,5,10,14-Tetraazatetradecane
  • 4,9-Diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine
  • 4,9-Diazadodecamethylenediamine
  • 4,9-Diazadodecane-1,12-diamine
  • Diaminopropyl-tetramethylenediamine
  • Diaminopropyltetramethylenediamine
  • Gerontine
  • Musculamine
  • N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-Butanediamine
  • N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-tetramethylenediamine
  • N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine
  • N1,N4-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine
  • Neuridine
  • Spermin
  • Spermine
  • Spermine dihydrate
  • Spermine dihydric acid
  • Spermine puriss
  • SPM
Chemical Formula:C10H26N4
Weight:Average: 202.3402
Monoisotopic: 202.215746852
InChI Key:PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C10H26N4/c11-5-3-9-13-7-1-2-8-14-10-4-6-12/h13-14H,1-12H2
CAS number:71-44-3
IUPAC Name:(3-aminopropyl)({4-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl})amine
Traditional IUPAC Name:spermine
SMILES:NCCCNCCCCNCCCN
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassAmines
Direct ParentDialkylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:4
Melting point:29 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility2.19 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.66ALOGPS
logP-1.5ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area76.1 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count11ChemAxon
Refractivity62.56 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.69 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
Glutathione metabolismPW000833 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
beta-Alanine metabolismPW000896 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (x TMS)splash10-014u-1900000000-e9620319823eaeccecccView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (x TMS)splash10-00s6-3900000000-d7da5cd1c0be289412eeView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-00r6-1900000000-861e0541e2eb67219b93View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS)splash10-00di-7900000000-9706a16d903df3f9e094View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS)splash10-00di-5900000000-eb1574dc4aea2972932bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)splash10-00ei-8900000000-710d44c573ed398f7db9View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)splash10-00s6-3900000000-cb82c1371fa767015cffView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)splash10-00rf-1900000000-ca3a2df44acb740134cdView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)splash10-00y0-1900000000-7ba8e67861945901b381View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-014u-1900000000-e9620319823eaeccecccView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00s6-3900000000-d7da5cd1c0be289412eeView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00r6-1900000000-861e0541e2eb67219b93View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-7900000000-9706a16d903df3f9e094View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-5900000000-eb1574dc4aea2972932bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00ei-8900000000-710d44c573ed398f7db9View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00s6-3900000000-cb82c1371fa767015cffView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00rf-1900000000-ca3a2df44acb740134cdView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00y0-1900000000-7ba8e67861945901b381View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-01bl-1900000000-5a4875c4cf337f0cff9cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-000i-7900000000-4e66988ec8e890a03e13View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00rf-2900000000-9d5a63fbbd1662e5dc43View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-01w1-4900000000-f7c07f1cee7101fc31d7View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-053r-9300000000-2ce22d19e72f10b80f34View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0w29-2940000000-a8b05c7cfaea58c5d82dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-03di-1900000000-75ac3953e5378c465a62View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-001i-9000000000-e3b84db5723912be8a4fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0udi-0930000000-4bb02118dea11e2101f8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-468357ae06dea8985d85View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00b9-6900000000-cf244bbfdbb5b7889d7aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-004i-0900000000-c5af077deeab934c36b7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0udi-0940000000-098121f449eb29dd74beView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-167ef7503b0827eb212fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-feb04e188e675948f795View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-004i-0900000000-93e15f4592fe9bbeb367View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0090000000-c22e98adb3dc62b1eb77View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-01t9-0900000000-76aa5e4bf523c2027cbaView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-03di-4900000000-b762c20d8a09a78cf931View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-001i-9300000000-0428cb6df2b593ded567View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-c319f927047d78e2b69bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-004i-0900000000-b4f106f6fe26766fbf73View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-29d4a223bb44ded927b5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-01q9-9500000000-d1b7e914e9ccee2d0f66View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udr-2970000000-268b93360fb5eaa19e49View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0a73-9810000000-ee919f22493191f56708View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4l-9200000000-f7cb18a7a6036554cb6bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-ea2e2f233958fa61cd8bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0udi-3390000000-0ade7d389047531a84eeView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-05fu-9200000000-e760ec8b3259e54992ceView in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-053u-9100000000-5a106273203d28e4a701View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Cipolla BG, Ziade J, Bansard JY, Moulinoux JP, Staerman F, Quemener V, Lobel B, Guille F: Pretherapeutic erythrocyte polyamine spermine levels discriminate high risk relapsing patients with M1 prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 1996 Sep 1;78(5):1055-65. Pubmed: 8780544
  • El Baze P, Milano G, Verrando P, Renee N, Ortonne JP: Polyamine levels in normal human skin. A comparative study of pure epidermis, pure dermis, and suction blister fluid. Arch Dermatol Res. 1983;275(4):218-21. Pubmed: 6625645
  • Hosseinkhani H, Azzam T, Tabata Y, Domb AJ: Dextran-spermine polycation: an efficient nonviral vector for in vitro and in vivo gene transfection. Gene Ther. 2004 Jan;11(2):194-203. Pubmed: 14712304
  • Jensen PK, Therkelsen AJ: Selective inhibition of fibroblasts by spermine in primary cultures of normal human skin epithelial cells. In Vitro. 1982 Oct;18(10):867-71. Pubmed: 7173947
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Lorenz B, Francis F, Gempel K, Boddrich A, Josten M, Schmahl W, Schmidt J, Lehrach H, Meitinger T, Strom TM: Spermine deficiency in Gy mice caused by deletion of the spermine synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Mar;7(3):541-7. Pubmed: 9467015
  • Loser C, Folsch UR, Paprotny C, Creutzfeldt W: Polyamines in colorectal cancer. Evaluation of polyamine concentrations in the colon tissue, serum, and urine of 50 patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer. 1990 Feb 15;65(4):958-66. Pubmed: 2297664
  • Mollica F, Li Volti S, Rapisarda A, Longo G, Pavone L, Vanella A: Increased erythrocytic spermine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Res. 1980 Nov;14(11):1196-8. Pubmed: 7454431
  • Proctor MS, Fletcher HV Jr, Shukla JB, Rennert OM: Elevated spermidine and spermine levels in the blood of psoriasis patients. J Invest Dermatol. 1975 Oct;65(4):409-11. Pubmed: 1176793
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • Swift TA, Dias JA: Effects of the polyamine spermine on binding of follicle-stimulating hormone to membrane-bound immature bovine testis receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Feb 21;885(2):221-30. Pubmed: 3004602
  • Uehara N, Shirakawa S, Uchino H, Saeki Y: Elevated contents of spermidine and spermine in the erythrocytes of cancer patients. Cancer. 1980 Jan 1;45(1):108-11. Pubmed: 7350997
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Venza M, Visalli M, Cicciu D, Teti D: Determination of polyamines in human saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jun 5;757(1):111-7. Pubmed: 11419735
  • Vijayendran, C., Barsch, A., Friehs, K., Niehaus, K., Becker, A., Flaschel, E. (2008). "Perceiving molecular evolution processes in Escherichia coli by comprehensive metabolite and gene expression profiling." Genome Biol 9:R72. Pubmed: 18402659
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Wrede, Fritz; Strack, Erich; Hettche, Otto. Spermine. VII. Z. physiol. Chem. (1928), 173 61-8.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15746
HMDB IDHMDB01256
Pubchem Compound ID1103
Kegg IDC00750
ChemSpider ID1072
WikipediaSpermine
BioCyc IDSPERMINE
EcoCyc IDSPERMINE
Ligand ExpoSPM

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the production of spermidine from putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM), which serves as an aminopropyl donor
Gene Name:
speE
Uniprot ID:
P09158
Molecular weight:
32321
Reactions
S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine.