Probable glutamate/gamma-aminobutyrate antiporter (P63235)

Identification
Name:Probable glutamate/gamma-aminobutyrate antiporter
Synonyms:
  • Extreme acid sensitivity protein
Gene Name:gadC
Enzyme Class:Not Available
Biological Properties
General Function:Involved in amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:Involved in glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Imports glutamate inside the cell while simultaneously exporting to the periplasm the GABA produced by gadA and gadB. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria
Cellular Location:Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:Not Available
Transports:
Transport References:
  • Orth, J. D., Conrad, T. M., Na, J., Lerman, J. A., Nam, H., Feist, A. M., Palsson, B. O. (2011). "A comprehensive genome-scale reconstruction of Escherichia coli metabolism--2011." Mol Syst Biol 7:535. Pubmed: 21988831
Metabolites:
ECMDB IDNameView
ECMDB04017gamma-Aminobutyric acidMetaboCard
ECMDB00148L-GlutamateMetaboCard
GO Classification:
Component
cell part
integral to membrane
intrinsic to membrane
membrane
membrane part
Function
active transmembrane transporter activity
amine transmembrane transporter activity
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
transmembrane transporter activity
transporter activity
Process
amine transport
amino acid transport
establishment of localization
transmembrane transport
transport
Gene Properties
Blattner:b1492
Gene OrientationCounterclockwise
Centisome Percentage:33.77
Left Sequence End1566978
Right Sequence End1568513
Gene Sequence:
>1536 bp
ATGATGAAAATGCGTTGGTTGAGTGCTGCAGTAATGTTAACCCTGTATACATCTTCAAGC
TGGGCTTTCAGTATTGATGATGTCGCAAAGCAAGCTCAATCTTTAGCCGGGAAAGGCTAC
GAGACGCCCAAAAGCAACTTGCCCTCCGTTTTCCGCGATATGAAATACGCGGACTATCAG
CAGATCCAGTTTAATCATGACAAAGCGTACTGGAACAATCTGAAGACCCCATTCAAACTC
GAGTTCTACCATCAGGGTATGTACTTCGATACCCCGGTCAAAATAAATGAAGTGACTGCC
ACCGCAGTCAAACGAATCAAATACAGCCCGGATTATTTCACTTTCGGCGATGTTCAGCAT
GACAAAGATACGGTAAAAGACCTTGGCTTTGCCGGTTTTAAAGTGCTTTACCCGATCAAC
AGCAAAGATAAAAACGATGAAATCGTCAGCATGCTCGGGGCCAGCTATTTCCGCGTGATT
GGTGCAGGTCAGGTTTATGGCCTTTCTGCCCGCGGCCTGGCAATTGATACCGCCTTGCCA
TCGGGTGAAGAATTTCCGCGCTTCAAAGAGTTCTGGATCGAGCGTCCAAAACCGACTGAT
AAACGTTTAACCATCTATGCATTGCTTGACTCGCCGCGTGCGACAGGTGCTTACAAATTC
GTGGTTATGCCAGGGCGTGACACGGTTGTGGATGTGCAGTCGAAAATCTATCTGCGCGAT
AAAGTCGGCAAACTGGGGGTTGCACCGTTAACCAGTATGTTCCTGTTTGGGCCGAACCAA
CCGTCGCCTGCAAATAACTATCGTCCGGAGTTGCACGACTCTAACGGTCTCTCTATCCAT
GCCGGTAATGGCGAATGGATCTGGCGTCCGTTGAATAACCCGAAACATTTAGCGGTCAGC
AGCTTCTCCATGGAAAACCCGCAAGGCTTTGGTCTGTTGCAGCGCGGTCGTGATTTCTCC
CGCTTTGAAGATCTCGATGATCGTTACGATCTCCGTCCAAGCGCATGGGTGACTCCGAAA
GGGGAGTGGGGTAAAGGCAGCGTTGAGCTGGTGGAAATTCCAACCAACGATGAAACCAAC
GATAACATCGTCGCTTACTGGACGCCGGATCAGCTGCCGGAGCCGGGTAAAGAGATGAAC
TTTAAATACACCATCACCTTCAGCCGTGATGAAGACAAACTGCATGCGCCAGATAACGCA
TGGGTGCAACAAACGCGTCGTTCAACGGGGGATGTGAAGCAGTCGAACCTGATTCGCCAG
CCTGACGGTACTATCGCCTTTGTGGTCGATTTTACCGGCGCAGAGATGAAAAAACTGCCA
GAGGATACCCCGGTCACAGCGCAAACCAGCATTGGTGATAATGGTGAGATAGTTGAAAGC
ACGGTGCGCTATAACCCGGTTACCAAAGGCTGGCGTCTGGTGATGCGTGTGAAAGTGAAA
GATGCCAAGAAAACCACTGAAATGCGTGCTGCGCTGGTGAATGCCGATCAGACGTTGAGT
GAAACCTGGAGCTACCAGTTACCTGCCAATGAATAA
Protein Properties
Pfam Domain Function:
Protein Residues:511
Protein Molecular Weight:55076
Protein Theoretical pI:9
Signaling Regions:
  • None
Transmembrane Regions:
  • 15-35
  • 42-62
  • 94-114
  • 128-148
  • 158-178
  • 201-221
  • 240-260
  • 292-312
  • 336-356
  • 367-387
  • 413-433
  • 446-466
Protein Sequence:
>Probable glutamate/gamma-aminobutyrate antiporter
MATSVQTGKAKQLTLLGFFAITASMVMAVYEYPTFATSGFSLVFFLLLGGILWFIPVGLC
AAEMATVDGWEEGGVFAWVSNTLGPRWGFAAISFGYLQIAIGFIPMLYFVLGALSYILKW
PALNEDPITKTIAALIILWALALTQFGGTKYTARIAKVGFFAGILLPAFILIALAAIYLH
SGAPVAIEMDSKTFFPDFSKVGTLVVFVAFILSYMGVEASATHVNEMSNPGRDYPLAMLL
LMVAAICLSSVGGLSIAMVIPGNEINLSAGVMQTFTVLMSHVAPEIEWTVRVISALLLLG
VLAEIASWIVGPSRGMYVTAQKNLLPAAFAKMNKNGVPVTLVISQLVITSIALIILTNTG
GGNNMSFLIALALTVVIYLCAYFMLFIGYIVLVLKHPDLKRTFNIPGGKGVKLVVAIVGL
LTSIMAFIVSFLPPDNIQGDSTDMYVELLVVSFLVVLALPFILYAVHDRKGKANTGVTLE
PINSQNAPKGHFFLHPRARSPHYIVMNDKKH
References
External Links:
ResourceLink
Uniprot ID:P63235
Uniprot Name:GADC_ECOLI
GenBank Gene ID:AP009048
Genebank Protein ID:1651515
Ecogene ID:EG12456
Ecocyc:EG12456
ColiBase:b1492
Kegg Gene:b1492
EchoBASE ID:EB2350
CCDB:GADC_ECOLI
BacMap:16129451
General Reference:
  • Aiba, H., Baba, T., Hayashi, K., Inada, T., Isono, K., Itoh, T., Kasai, H., Kashimoto, K., Kimura, S., Kitakawa, M., Kitagawa, M., Makino, K., Miki, T., Mizobuchi, K., Mori, H., Mori, T., Motomura, K., Nakade, S., Nakamura, Y., Nashimoto, H., Nishio, Y., Oshima, T., Saito, N., Sampei, G., Horiuchi, T., et, a. l. .. (1996). "A 570-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min region on the linkage map." DNA Res 3:363-377. Pubmed: 9097039
  • Blattner, F. R., Plunkett, G. 3rd, Bloch, C. A., Perna, N. T., Burland, V., Riley, M., Collado-Vides, J., Glasner, J. D., Rode, C. K., Mayhew, G. F., Gregor, J., Davis, N. W., Kirkpatrick, H. A., Goeden, M. A., Rose, D. J., Mau, B., Shao, Y. (1997). "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12." Science 277:1453-1462. Pubmed: 9278503
  • Daley, D. O., Rapp, M., Granseth, E., Melen, K., Drew, D., von Heijne, G. (2005). "Global topology analysis of the Escherichia coli inner membrane proteome." Science 308:1321-1323. Pubmed: 15919996
  • De Biase, D., Tramonti, A., Bossa, F., Visca, P. (1999). "The response to stationary-phase stress conditions in Escherichia coli: role and regulation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase system." Mol Microbiol 32:1198-1211. Pubmed: 10383761
  • Hayashi, K., Morooka, N., Yamamoto, Y., Fujita, K., Isono, K., Choi, S., Ohtsubo, E., Baba, T., Wanner, B. L., Mori, H., Horiuchi, T. (2006). "Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110." Mol Syst Biol 2:2006.0007. Pubmed: 16738553
  • Hersh, B. M., Farooq, F. T., Barstad, D. N., Blankenhorn, D. L., Slonczewski, J. L. (1996). "A glutamate-dependent acid resistance gene in Escherichia coli." J Bacteriol 178:3978-3981. Pubmed: 8682809
  • Ma, Z., Gong, S., Richard, H., Tucker, D. L., Conway, T., Foster, J. W. (2003). "GadE (YhiE) activates glutamate decarboxylase-dependent acid resistance in Escherichia coli K-12." Mol Microbiol 49:1309-1320. Pubmed: 12940989
  • Masuda, N., Church, G. M. (2002). "Escherichia coli gene expression responsive to levels of the response regulator EvgA." J Bacteriol 184:6225-6234. Pubmed: 12399493
  • Masuda, N., Church, G. M. (2003). "Regulatory network of acid resistance genes in Escherichia coli." Mol Microbiol 48:699-712. Pubmed: 12694615
  • Tramonti, A., Visca, P., De Canio, M., Falconi, M., De Biase, D. (2002). "Functional characterization and regulation of gadX, a gene encoding an AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli glutamic acid decarboxylase system." J Bacteriol 184:2603-2613. Pubmed: 11976288
  • Waterman, S. R., Small, P. L. (2003). "The glutamate-dependent acid resistance system of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri is inhibited in vitro by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid." FEMS Microbiol Lett 224:119-125. Pubmed: 12855178
  • Waterman, S. R., Small, P. L. (2003). "Transcriptional expression of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance genes gadA and gadBC in an hns rpoS mutant." J Bacteriol 185:4644-4647. Pubmed: 12867478