2.02012-05-31 14:09:53 -06002015-06-03 15:54:55 -0600ECMDB06872M2MDB000699D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphateD-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate is an intermediate in galactose metabolism.1,6-Di-O-phosphono-D-tagatofuranoseD-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphateD-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphoric acidTagatose-1,6-diphosphateTagatose-1,6-diphosphoric acidTagatose1,6BPC6H14O12P2340.1157339.996048936{[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]methoxyphosphonic acidO[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C(O)(COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=OInChI=1S/C6H14O12P2/c7-4-3(1-16-19(10,11)12)18-6(9,5(4)8)2-17-20(13,14)15/h3-5,7-9H,1-2H2,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)/t3-,4+,5+,6?/m1/s1RNBGYGVWRKECFJ-OEXCPVAWSA-NSolidCytosollogp-1.51logs-1.33solubility1.61e+01 g/llogp-3pka_strongest_acidic0.89pka_strongest_basic-3.7iupac{[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acidaverage_mass340.1157mono_mass339.996048936smilesO[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C(O)(COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=OformulaC6H14O12P2inchiInChI=1S/C6H14O12P2/c7-4-3(1-16-19(10,11)12)18-6(9,5(4)8)2-17-20(13,14)15/h3-5,7-9H,1-2H2,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)/t3-,4+,5+,6?/m1/s1inchikeyRNBGYGVWRKECFJ-OEXCPVAWSA-Npolar_surface_area203.44refractivity58.11polarizability25.12rotatable_bond_count6acceptor_count10donor_count7physiological_charge-4formal_charge0Galactose metabolismGalactose can be synthesized through two pathways: melibiose degradation involving an alpha galactosidase and lactose degradation involving a beta galactosidase. Melibiose is first transported inside the cell through the melibiose:Li+/Na+/H+ symporter. Once inside the cell, melibiose is degraded through alpha galactosidase into an alpha-D-galactose and a beta-D-glucose. The beta-D-glucose is phosphorylated by a glucokinase to produce a beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate which can spontaneously be turned into a alpha D glucose 6 phosphate. This alpha D-glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized into a glucose -1-phosphate through a phosphoglucomutase-1. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase.
Galactose can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose.
Beta-D-galactose can also be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter.
Galactose is degraded through the following process:
Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell
PW000821ec00052MetabolicMetabolic pathwayseco01100galactitol degradationGALACTITOLCAT-PWYSpecdb::CMs18334Specdb::CMs39126Specdb::CMs172913Specdb::NmrOneD11162Specdb::NmrOneD11163Specdb::NmrOneD11164Specdb::NmrOneD11165Specdb::NmrOneD11166Specdb::NmrOneD11167Specdb::NmrOneD11168Specdb::NmrOneD11169Specdb::NmrOneD11170Specdb::NmrOneD11171Specdb::NmrOneD11172Specdb::NmrOneD11173Specdb::NmrOneD11174Specdb::NmrOneD11175Specdb::NmrOneD11176Specdb::NmrOneD11177Specdb::NmrOneD11178Specdb::NmrOneD11179Specdb::NmrOneD11180Specdb::NmrOneD11181Specdb::MsMs26915Specdb::MsMs26916Specdb::MsMs26917Specdb::MsMs33473Specdb::MsMs33474Specdb::MsMs33475Specdb::MsMs2439550Specdb::MsMs2439551Specdb::MsMs2439552Specdb::MsMs2522664Specdb::MsMs2522665Specdb::MsMs2522666HMDB068726535389117C037854250TAGATOSE-1-6-DIPHOSPHATEKeseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.21097882Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.220805106-phosphofructokinase isozyme 2P06999K6PF2_ECOLIpfkBhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06999.xml6-phosphofructokinase isozyme 1P0A796K6PF1_ECOLIpfkAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A796.xmlD-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase subunit kbaYP0AB74KBAY_ECOLIkbaYhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AB74.xmlD-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase subunit gatYP0C8J6GATY_ECOLIgatYhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0C8J6.xmlD-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase subunit gatZP0C8J8GATZ_ECOLIgatZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0C8J8.xmlD-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase subunit kbaZP0C8K0KBAZ_ECOLIkbaZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0C8K0.xmlAdenosine triphosphate + D-Tagatose 6-phosphate > ADP + Hydrogen ion + D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphateR03236TAGAKIN-RXND-Tagatose 6-phosphate + Adenosine triphosphate <> D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADPR03236Cytidine triphosphate + D-Tagatose 6-phosphate <> CDP + D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphateR03237Uridine triphosphate + D-Tagatose 6-phosphate <> Uridine 5'-diphosphate + D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphateR03238Inosine triphosphate + D-Tagatose 6-phosphate <> IDP + D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphateR03239D-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate <> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateTAGAALDOL-RXND-Tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate > Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate