Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:56:21 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:12 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB02260
Identification
Name:Gallic acid
DescriptionGallic acid (GA) is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. Plants, bacteria and fungi are capable of synthesizing gallic acid. Shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH), a shikimate pathway enzyme essential for aromatic amino acid synthesis, is required for gallic acid production in Escherichia coli. SDH catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of 3-DHS (3-dehydroshikimate) to shikimic acid (SA), which is ultimately used to produce the aromatic amino acids l-tyrosine, l-tryptophan, and l-phenylalanine. SDH also catalyzes NADP+-dependent dehydrogenation of SA to 3-DHS, but also the dehydrogenation of 3-DHS to GA.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-Benzoate
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-Benzoic acid
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate (acd/name 4.0)
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
  • 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (ACD/Name 4.0)
  • Gallate
  • Gallate polymer
  • Gallate tech.
  • Gallic acid
  • Gallic acid polymer
  • Gallic acid tech.
  • Galop
  • Pyrogallol-5-carboxylate
  • Pyrogallol-5-carboxylic acid
Chemical Formula:C7H6O5
Weight:Average: 170.1195
Monoisotopic: 170.021523302
InChI Key:LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C7H6O5/c8-4-1-3(7(11)12)2-5(9)6(4)10/h1-2,8-10H,(H,11,12)
CAS number:149-91-7
IUPAC Name:3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:galop
SMILES:OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gallic acids. These are organic compounds that contain a 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentGallic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Gallic acid
  • Benzenetriol
  • Benzoic acid
  • Pyrogallol derivative
  • Benzoyl
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Polyol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:-1
Melting point:258-265 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:11.9 mg/mL at 20 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogP:0.70 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.94 g/LALOGPS
logP1.17ALOGPS
logP0.72ChemAxon
logS-1.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.94ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area97.99 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity39.26 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.75 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:
  • 1,4-Dichlorobenzene degradation ec00627
  • Microbial metabolism in diverse environments ec01120
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-0791200000-4d3e1baed2effb0bf15bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-053r-0491700000-68a1d17dd1d0bb6c5354View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fk9-5900000000-6b43adb858d50b520ba7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-0791200000-4d3e1baed2effb0bf15bView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-053r-0491700000-68a1d17dd1d0bb6c5354View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-0691200000-8b11cbd28f656c4426b4View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fmi-1900000000-56bf9b5e0a68a9c0776aView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00xu-4009300000-4326897e134d4856b180View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0umi-0900000000-e8e6e57cdaf8d518781aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0a59-9600000000-8b3c3dc9e263c174a0acView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0ue9-9000000000-da4704e31ba4de6b3acaView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-52) , Positivesplash10-0fk9-5900000000-425a258abda96a507ea0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-951aa8106825faaca3f9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-004i-0900000000-bdedf4b4b4fd922ec704View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-004i-5900000000-46d7a232b169910da462View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-004i-9300000000-010429242e38b1b28c13View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0g29-9100000000-fb4dc241b26c248950f7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DI-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-0ufr-0900000000-8e1ce790677a7c04e580View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - DI-ESI-qTof , Negativesplash10-004i-0900000000-8999270f1e2b746047f7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-880097b21bcd57ec8f77View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004i-0900000000-bdedf4b4b4fd922ec704View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004i-5900000000-bf4cb2a480d9abb570d4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004i-9300000000-63bfcc112fc600a150deView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0g29-9100000000-fb4dc241b26c248950f7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-6a9289e729e66d03cf50View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-175241488c5f0956df1fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-0kor-0900000000-1ceb76e12bc399878e0dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-8e403dcee60bc20ba7b4View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0fb9-0900000000-20a78444c2179ed7730fView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00os-9800000000-3011ae50626d9c15faddView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-bceef5d1a34c38d340edView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00or-0900000000-bbec391317d064ab4d89View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00or-8900000000-049b564c5923498a6f3eView in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0fk9-2900000000-1949ca7ce1b8b610c278View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
Synthesis Reference:Cheng K F; Yip C S; Yeung H W; Kong Y C Leonurine, an improved synthesis. Experientia (1979), 35(5), 571-2. PubMed ID 446644
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID30778
HMDB IDHMDB05807
Pubchem Compound ID370
Kegg IDC01424
ChemSpider ID361
WikipediaGallic acid
BioCyc IDCPD-183
EcoCyc IDCPD-183

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
The physiological substrate is not known
Gene Name:
ydiB
Uniprot ID:
P0A6D5
Molecular weight:
31228
Reactions
L-quinate + NAD(P)(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + NAD(P)H.
Shikimate + NAD(P)(+) = 3-dehydroshikimate + NAD(P)H.
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Shikimate + NADP(+) = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH
Gene Name:
aroE
Uniprot ID:
P15770
Molecular weight:
29413
Reactions
Shikimate + NADP(+) = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH.