Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 09:56:41 -0600
Update Date2015-06-03 15:53:10 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB00073
Identification
Name:Dopamine
DescriptionDopamine is synthesized first by the hydration of the amino acid tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and then by the decarboxylation of DOPA by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
  • 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine
  • 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine
  • 3-Hydroxytyramine
  • 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol
  • 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-Pyrocatechol
  • 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
  • 4-(2-Aminoethyl)catechol
  • 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol
  • A-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane
  • Alpha-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane
  • Alpha-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-beta-aminoethane
  • Deoxyepinephrine
  • Dopamin
  • Dopamine
  • Dopaminum
  • Dopastat
  • Dophamine
  • Dynatra
  • Hydroxytyramin
  • Hydroxytyramine
  • Intropin
  • Oxytyramine
  • Revivan
  • α-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane
  • α-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-β-aminoethane
Chemical Formula:C8H11NO2
Weight:Average: 153.1784
Monoisotopic: 153.078978601
InChI Key:VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H11NO2/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,10-11H,3-4,9H2
CAS number:62-31-7
IUPAC Name:4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
Traditional IUPAC Name:dopamine
SMILES:NCCC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catecholamines and derivatives. Catecholamines and derivatives are compounds containing 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] or a derivative thereof formed by substitution.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassPhenols
Sub ClassBenzenediols
Direct ParentCatecholamines and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Catecholamine
  • Phenethylamine
  • 2-arylethylamine
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Aralkylamine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:1
Melting point:128 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:535 mg/mL [HMP experimental]PhysProp
LogP:-0.98 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility7.43 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.4ALOGPS
logP0.03ChemAxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.01ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.27ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.48 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity43.25 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.21 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-117a1a7207245f5377e7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-00di-1900000000-8b7dcae82868308513daView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-117a1a7207245f5377e7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1900000000-8b7dcae82868308513daView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-8900000000-752bc8c11fa321b8a7acView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0089-9280000000-c894c19dda88ac048dd4View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0uxu-4900000000-ff51177ebcb89b8c956cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9200000000-a554eb700a06cecb8292View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014l-9000000000-db9813e1025f237a549bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-27e0d71db6d14d79759cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0uk9-0900000000-f1cf97c0d0dd509e229eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-aa09a2411e287abe74edView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-1900000000-97c42b109cab2005373dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-006x-9700000000-974bd18febffcceea2d6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0f79-0900000000-099173d4201beca9e548View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-9dc09f2661247c9d84b0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0006-9300000000-8b85fa9aac1ffb4c2873View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-9ea16d2057010279d433View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014l-9000000000-32ca2db8fe2b4729ab94View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0f79-0900000000-ff587935c79b4592ffcfView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-8a35d8a2241bc18d6c50View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0006-9300000000-356a4b8f268863c7893eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-a88c1004f357858fbc6cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014l-9000000000-271874005dcb90288512View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-cfa7e1cb9f02ffb4447dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udr-0900000000-4e409c6edda911de39feView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-90aa0e0866454c2eacc7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-1000-9400000000-210fd696305d8cf76164View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-ff95007680e484d3c57eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0udi-1900000000-6dcfecebbd98220ef746View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0kil-6900000000-f476cfd569c441bc84aaView in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00e9-8900000000-88acdc978fe4a64e0fc5View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Barron AB, Maleszka R, Vander Meer RK, Robinson GE: Octopamine modulates honey bee dance behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 30;104(5):1703-7. Epub 2007 Jan 19. Pubmed: 17237217
  • Bauman A: Unilateral adrenal catecholamine excess. Pheochromocytoma or possible sporadic medullary hyperplasia. Arch Intern Med. 1982 Feb;142(2):377-8. Pubmed: 7059264
  • Berridge KC, Robinson TE: What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998 Dec;28(3):309-69. Pubmed: 9858756
  • Brody AL, Mandelkern MA, Olmstead RE, Scheibal D, Hahn E, Shiraga S, Zamora-Paja E, Farahi J, Saxena S, London ED, McCracken JT: Gene variants of brain dopamine pathways and smoking-induced dopamine release in the ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;63(7):808-16. Pubmed: 16818870
  • Cucchi ML, Frattini P, Santagostino G, Preda S, Orecchia G: Catecholamines increase in the urine of non-segmental vitiligo especially during its active phase. Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Apr;16(2):111-6. Pubmed: 12622787
  • Eisenhofer G, Aneman A, Friberg P, Hooper D, Fandriks L, Lonroth H, Hunyady B, Mezey E: Substantial production of dopamine in the human gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov;82(11):3864-71. Pubmed: 9360553
  • Eklundh T, Eriksson M, Sjoberg S, Nordin C: Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 1996 May-Jun;30(3):201-8. Pubmed: 8884658
  • Elchisak MA, Carlson JH: Assay of free and conjugated catecholamines by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr. 1982 Dec 10;233:79-88. Pubmed: 7161364
  • Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50. Pubmed: 12834252
  • Giuliano F, Allard J: Dopamine and male sexual function. Eur Urol. 2001 Dec;40(6):601-8. Pubmed: 11805404
  • Giuliano F, Allard J: Dopamine and sexual function. Int J Impot Res. 2001 Aug;13 Suppl 3:S18-28. Pubmed: 11477488
  • Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. Pubmed: 12649306
  • Jiang H, Betancourt L, Smith RG: Ghrelin amplifies dopamine signaling by cross talk involving formation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor/dopamine receptor subtype 1 heterodimers. Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Aug;20(8):1772-85. Epub 2006 Apr 6. Pubmed: 16601073
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • King BM: The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. Physiol Behav. 2006 Feb 28;87(2):221-44. Epub 2006 Jan 18. Pubmed: 16412483
  • Kobayashi K, Yasuhara T, Agari T, Muraoka K, Kameda M, Ji Yuan W, Hayase H, Matsui T, Miyoshi Y, Shingo T, Date I: Control of dopamine-secretion by Tet-Off system in an in vivo model of parkinsonian rat. Brain Res. 2006 Aug 2;1102(1):1-11. Epub 2006 Jun 27. Pubmed: 16806124
  • Kopieniak M, Wieczorkiewicz-Plaza A, Maciejewski R: Dopamine activity changes in cerebral cortex in the course of experimental acute pancreatitis. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med]. 2004;59(1):382-6. Pubmed: 16146016
  • Mannelli M, Ianni L, Lazzeri C, Castellani W, Pupilli C, La Villa G, Barletta G, Serio M, Franchi F: In vivo evidence that endogenous dopamine modulates sympathetic activity in man. Hypertension. 1999 Sep;34(3):398-402. Pubmed: 10489384
  • Nikolelis DP, Drivelos DA, Simantiraki MG, Koinis S: An optical spot test for the detection of dopamine in human urine using stabilized in air lipid films. Anal Chem. 2004 Apr 15;76(8):2174-80. Pubmed: 15080725
  • Pecina S, Cagniard B, Berridge KC, Aldridge JW, Zhuang X: Hyperdopaminergic mutant mice have higher "wanting" but not "liking" for sweet rewards. J Neurosci. 2003 Oct 15;23(28):9395-402. Pubmed: 14561867
  • Piazza O, Zito G, Valente A, Tufano R: Effects of dopamine infusion on forearm blood flow in critical patients. Med Sci Monit. 2006 Feb;12(2):CR90-3. Epub 2006 Jan 26. Pubmed: 16449954
  • Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Holmes C, Goldstein DS: Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):756-65. Pubmed: 10494443
  • Raw I, Schmidt BJ, Merzel J: Catecholamines and congenital pain insensitivity. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1984;17(3-4):271-9. Pubmed: 6085021
  • Schenarts PJ, Sagraves SG, Bard MR, Toschlog EA, Goettler CE, Newell MA, Rotondo MF: Low-dose dopamine: a physiologically based review. Curr Surg. 2006 May-Jun;63(3):219-25. Pubmed: 16757377
  • Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. Pubmed: 9849813
  • Wang HY, Xiao Y, Han J, Chang XS: Simultaneous determination of dopamine and carvedilol in human serum and urine by first-order derivative fluorometry. Anal Sci. 2005 Nov;21(11):1281-5. Pubmed: 16317894
Synthesis Reference:Budnik, Josef. 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride. Czech. (1986), 2 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID18243
HMDB IDHMDB00073
Pubchem Compound ID681
Kegg IDC03758
ChemSpider ID661
WikipediaDopamine
BioCyc IDDOPAMINE
EcoCyc IDDOPAMINE
Ligand ExpoLDP

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in copper ion binding
Specific function:
The enzyme prefers aromatic over aliphatic amines
Gene Name:
tynA
Uniprot ID:
P46883
Molecular weight:
84378
Reactions
RCH(2)NH(2) + H(2)O + O(2) = RCHO + NH(3) + H(2)O(2).
2-phenylethylamine + H(2)O + O(2) = phenylacetaldehyde + NH(3) + H(2)O(2).

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368