2.0 2012-07-30 14:55:41 -0600 2015-09-16 14:50:11 -0600 ECMDB21390 M2MDB001785 Molybdenum Molybdenum is a transition metal with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. The pure metal is silvery white in color, fairly soft, and has one of the highest melting points of all pure elements. Physiologically, it exists as an ion. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. There is a trace requirement for molybdenum in plants, and soils can be barren due to molybdenum deficiencies. Plants and animals generally have molybdenum present in amounts of a few parts per million. In small quantities, molybdenum is effective at hardening steel. Molybdenum is important in plant nutrition, and is found in certain enzymes, including xanthine oxidase. Molybdenum is used to this day in high-strength alloys and in high-temperature steels. Special molybdenum-containing alloys, such as the Hastelloys, are notably heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Molybdenum is used in oil pipelines, aircraft and missile parts, and in filaments. Molybdenum finds use as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, especially in catalysts for removing organic sulfurs from petroleum products. It is used to form the anode in some x-ray tubes, particularly in mammography applications. And is found in some electronic applications as the conductive metal layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs). Molybdenum disulfide is a good lubricant, especially at high temperatures. And Mo-99 is used in the nuclear isotope industry. Molybdenum pigments range from red-yellow to a bright red orange and are used in paints, inks, plastics, and rubber compounds. Mo Molybdaen Molybdene Molybdenum atom Molybdenum elemental Molybdenum insoluble compounds Molybdenum metallic Molybdenum(2+) Mo 95.94 97.905407846 molybdenum(2+) ion molybdenum(2+) ion 7439-98-7 [Mo++] InChI=1S/Mo/q+2 MMVYPOCJESWGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Solid Cytoplasm melting_point 2622 oC logp 0 ChemAxon iupac molybdenum(2+) ion ChemAxon average_mass 95.94 ChemAxon mono_mass 97.905407846 ChemAxon smiles [Mo++] ChemAxon formula Mo ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/Mo/q+2 ChemAxon inchikey MMVYPOCJESWGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 0 ChemAxon refractivity 0 ChemAxon polarizability 1.78 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 0 ChemAxon acceptor_count 0 ChemAxon donor_count 0 ChemAxon physiological_charge 2 ChemAxon formal_charge 2 ChemAxon Specdb::MsMs 23195 Specdb::MsMs 23196 Specdb::MsMs 23197 Specdb::MsMs 29993 Specdb::MsMs 29994 Specdb::MsMs 29995 HMDB01302 23932 161267 C00150 28685 MO%2b2 Molybdenum Reiss J, Johnson JL: Mutations in the molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic genes MOCS1, MOCS2, and GEPH. Hum Mutat. 2003 Jun;21(6):569-76. 12754701 Mendel RR, Bittner F: Cell biology of molybdenum. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jul;1763(7):621-35. Epub 2006 May 12. 16784786 Mendel RR: Molybdenum: biological activity and metabolism. Dalton Trans. 2005 Nov 7;(21):3404-9. Epub 2005 Sep 26. 16234918 Goldhaber SB: Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;38(2):232-42. 14550763 Nakagawa N: [Studies on changes in trace elements of the brain related to aging] Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi. 1998 Mar;73(2):181-99. 9612711 Vyskocil A, Viau C: Assessment of molybdenum toxicity in humans. J Appl Toxicol. 1999 May-Jun;19(3):185-92. 10362269 Barceloux DG: Molybdenum. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(2):231-7. 10382558 Failla ML: Considerations for determining 'optimal nutrition' for copper, zinc, manganese and molybdenum. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 May;58(2):497-505. 10466195 Reiss J: Genetics of molybdenum cofactor deficiency. 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Epub 2006 Jun 22. 16855750 Schmidt M, Weber H, Schon R: Cobalt chromium molybdenum metal combination for modular hip prostheses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Aug;(329 Suppl):S35-47. 8769321 Kisker C, Schindelin H, Rees DC: Molybdenum-cofactor-containing enzymes: structure and mechanism. Annu Rev Biochem. 1997;66:233-67. 9242907 Kisker C, Schindelin H, Baas D, Retey J, Meckenstock RU, Kroneck PM: A structural comparison of molybdenum cofactor-containing enzymes. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1998 Dec;22(5):503-21. 9990727 http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/164/original/HMDB01302.pdf?1358463340 Molybdenum transport system permease protein modB P0AF01 MODB_ECOLI modB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AF01.xml Molybdenum transport system permease protein modB P0AF01 MODB_ECOLI modB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AF01.xml 4000.0 uM 0.0 K-12 16000000 0 1. Cybercell Database: <a href='http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi'>http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi</a> <br> 2. Phillips R., Kondev, J., Theriot, J. (2008) “Physical Biology of the Cell” Garland Science, New York, NY.