Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 14:04:17 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:13 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB04077
Identification
Name:Glyceric acid
DescriptionGlyceric acid is a colorless syrupy acid, obtained from oxidation of glycerol. It is a natural three-carbon sugar acid. Salts and esters of glyceric acid are known as glycerates. Several phosphate derivatives of glyceric acid, including 2-phosphoglyceric acid, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid, and 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid, are important biochemical intermediates. (Wikipedia)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (R)-glycerate
  • (R)-glyceric acid
  • D-glycerate
  • A,b-Hydroxypropionate
  • A,b-Hydroxypropionic acid
  • Alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionate
  • Alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionic acid
  • D-Glycerate
  • D-Glyceric acid
  • Glycerate
  • Glyceric acid
  • α,β-Hydroxypropionate
  • α,β-Hydroxypropionic acid
Chemical Formula:C3H6O4
Weight:Average: 106.0773
Monoisotopic: 106.02660868
InChI Key:RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C3H6O4/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7/h2,4-5H,1H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m1/s1
CAS number:473-81-4
IUPAC Name:(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:glycerate
SMILES:OC[C@@H](O)C(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentSugar acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Glyceric_acid
  • Sugar acid
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Monosaccharide
  • 1,2-diol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Liquid
Charge:-1
Melting point:Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:1000.0 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility639 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.7ALOGPS
logP-1.5ChemAxon
logS0.78ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.42ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area77.76 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity20.38 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability8.96 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Tartronate semialdehyde + Hydrogen ion + NADH <> Glyceric acid + NAD
Hydrogen ion + Hydroxypyruvic acid + NADH > Glyceric acid + NAD
Hydrogen ion + Hydroxypyruvic acid + NADPH > Glyceric acid + NADP
Adenosine triphosphate + Glyceric acid > 3-Phosphoglycerate + ADP + Hydrogen ion
Water + 2(alpha-D-Mannosyl-6-phosphate)-D-glycerate > Glyceric acid + Mannose 6-phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate + Glyceric acid > 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid + ADP + Hydrogen ion
Glyceric acid + NAD <> Hydroxypyruvic acid + NADH + Hydrogen ion
Glyceric acid + NADP <> Hydroxypyruvic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen ion
Adenosine triphosphate + Glyceric acid <> ADP + 3-Phospho-D-glycerate
Glyceric acid + NAD <> Tartronate semialdehyde + NADH + Hydrogen ion
Glyceric acid + NADP <> Tartronate semialdehyde + NADPH + Hydrogen ion
Tartaric acid <> Glyceric acid + Carbon dioxide
NAD(P)<sup>+</sup> + Glyceric acid < NAD(P)H + Tartronate semialdehyde + Hydrogen ion
Glyceric acid + NAD(P)(+) > Tartronate semialdehyde + NAD(P)H
Glyceric acid + NAD(P)(+) > Hydroxypyruvic acid + NAD(P)H
Adenosine triphosphate + Glyceric acid > ADP + 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid
Adenosine triphosphate + Glyceric acid > ADP + 3-Phospho-D-glycerate
2-O-(6-Phospho-alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + Water > Mannose 6-phosphate + Glyceric acid
Glyceric acid + NAD + NADP <> Tartronate semialdehyde + NADH + NADPH + Hydrogen ion
2(alpha-D-Mannosyl-6-phosphate)-D-glycerate + Water <> Mannose 6-phosphate + Glyceric acid
Tartronate semialdehyde + Hydrogen ion + NADPH + NADPH > NADP + Glyceric acid
Glyceric acid + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + Adenosine diphosphate + 2-Phosphoglyceric acid + ADP + 2-Phosphoglyceric acid
Glyceric acid + Adenosine triphosphate > Adenosine diphosphate + Hydrogen ion + 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + ADP + 3-Phosphoglycerate
Tartronate semialdehyde + NADH + Hydrogen ion > NAD + Glyceric acid
2-O-(6-Phospho-alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + Water > Mannose 6-phosphate + Glyceric acid

SMPDB Pathways:
2-O-alpha-mannosyl-D-glycerate degradationPW002096 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
glycolate and glyoxylate degradationPW000827 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
glycolate and glyoxylate degradation IIPW002021 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
superpathway of D-glucarate and D-galactarate degradationPW000795 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
ConcentrationStrainMediaGrowth StatusGrowth SystemTemperatureDetails
1410± 0 uMK12 NCM3722Gutnick minimal complete medium (4.7 g/L KH2PO4; 13.5 g/L K2HPO4; 1 g/L K2SO4; 0.1 g/L MgSO4-7H2O; 10 mM NH4Cl) with 4 g/L glucoseMid-Log PhaseShake flask and filter culture37 oCPMID: 19561621
Find out more about how we convert literature concentrations.
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f6t-0910000000-52b917dbc684454452aeView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0uei-0920000000-4d5f18f14464b7289e4eView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f72-0920000000-7727c90167e5f1e15f7cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f6t-0910000000-52b917dbc684454452aeView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uei-0920000000-4d5f18f14464b7289e4eView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01po-9000000000-e74d8dcadd449f32f28fView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0avr-9362000000-4ae43a853db514e46cc7View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0ufr-9800000000-f68cee7fd839cc0c350aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0pb9-9300000000-c9741b095b361aa0bf2eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0udi-8900000000-2ca9bd370ef2f7afdf64View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-2c68fcd2a4c9cc998e14View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9400000000-a3e0c92f667ab9fdfbe5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-e2f8962c5a4a4bde459aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-052e-9000000000-08ad44e661510838b17fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0007-9000000000-b65c29cedef64ad74dfbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-0a4i-1900000000-2d91902f3a95d7e66bbaView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-2c68fcd2a4c9cc998e14View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-9400000000-a3e0c92f667ab9fdfbe5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-e2f8962c5a4a4bde459aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-052e-9000000000-08ad44e661510838b17fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0007-9000000000-b65c29cedef64ad74dfbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativesplash10-0a4i-1900000000-2d91902f3a95d7e66bbaView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-b4845ca0075939f3095fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-052f-9000000000-f8ad6e1bbc7c43ea1122View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9400000000-9d9a074f07f367d0a0ccView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9300000000-0e161d242fe9a38ccf1aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4r-9600000000-6c887f0d5bb5b5b43e47View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-01p9-9100000000-4dcb939c91e313be7889View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-0ddbae5fe95cd5c2cc3aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-7900000000-483a2fcbaa1f9e4282f8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9200000000-c37acde4cab84c418b98View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-c2110468981b90e60c2bView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Bennett MJ, Ragni MC, Hood I, Hale DE: Comparison of post-mortem urinary and vitreous humour organic acids. Ann Clin Biochem. 1992 Sep;29 ( Pt 5):541-5. Pubmed: 1444166
  • Bennett, B. D., Kimball, E. H., Gao, M., Osterhout, R., Van Dien, S. J., Rabinowitz, J. D. (2009). "Absolute metabolite concentrations and implied enzyme active site occupancy in Escherichia coli." Nat Chem Biol 5:593-599. Pubmed: 19561621
  • Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58. Pubmed: 14708889
  • Dietzen DJ, Wilhite TR, Kenagy DN, Milliner DS, Smith CH, Landt M: Extraction of glyceric and glycolic acids from urine with tetrahydrofuran: utility in detection of primary hyperoxaluria. Clin Chem. 1997 Aug;43(8 Pt 1):1315-20. Pubmed: 9267307
  • Fontaine M, Porchet N, Largilliere C, Marrakchi S, Lhermitte M, Aubert JP, Degand P: Biochemical contribution to diagnosis and study of a new case of D-glyceric acidemia/aciduria. Clin Chem. 1989 Oct;35(10):2148-51. Pubmed: 2551543
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. Pubmed: 8087979
  • Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. Pubmed: 8412012
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Rashed MS, Aboul-Enein HY, AlAmoudi M, Jakob M, Al-Ahaideb LY, Abbad A, Shabib S, Al-Jishi E: Chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the determination of the configuration of glyceric acid in urine of patients with D-glyceric and L-glyceric acidurias. Biomed Chromatogr. 2002 May;16(3):191-8. Pubmed: 11920944
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • Topcu M, Saatci I, Haliloglu G, Kesimer M, Coskun T: D-glyceric aciduria in a six-month-old boy presenting with West syndrome and autistic behaviour. Neuropediatrics. 2002 Feb;33(1):47-50. Pubmed: 11930278
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Vijayendran, C., Barsch, A., Friehs, K., Niehaus, K., Becker, A., Flaschel, E. (2008). "Perceiving molecular evolution processes in Escherichia coli by comprehensive metabolite and gene expression profiling." Genome Biol 9:R72. Pubmed: 18402659
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Kyriacou, Demetrios; Tougas, Terrence P. Preparation of glyceric acid by anodic oxidation of glycerol at a silver oxide electrode. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1987), 52(11), 2318-19.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID16659
HMDB IDHMDB00139
Pubchem Compound ID439194
Kegg IDC00258
ChemSpider ID388334
WikipediaGlyceric acid
BioCyc IDGLYCERATE
EcoCyc IDGLYCERATE
Ligand ExpoDGY

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
(R)-glycerate + NAD(P)(+) = 2-hydroxy-3- oxopropanoate + NAD(P)H
Gene Name:
garR
Uniprot ID:
P0ABQ2
Molecular weight:
30427
Reactions
D-glycerate + NAD(P)(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)H.
General function:
Involved in glycerate kinase activity
Specific function:
ATP + (R)-glycerate = ADP + 3-phospho-(R)- glycerate
Gene Name:
garK
Uniprot ID:
P23524
Molecular weight:
39104
Reactions
ATP + (R)-glycerate = ADP + 3-phospho-(R)-glycerate.
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. Can also reduce 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate (25DKG) to 5-keto-D- gluconate (5KDG), 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KDG) to D-gluconate, and 2- keto-L-gulonate (2KLG) to L-idonate (IA), but it is not its physiological function. Inactive towards 2-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, 5-keto-D-gluconate, D-fructose and L- sorbose. Activity with NAD is very low
Gene Name:
ghrB
Uniprot ID:
P37666
Molecular weight:
35395
Reactions
Glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH.
D-glycerate + NAD(P)(+) = hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H.
D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH.
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. Inactive towards 2-oxo-D-gluconate, 2-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate and pyruvate. Only D- and L-glycerate are involved in the oxidative activity with NADP. Activity with NAD is very low
Gene Name:
ghrA
Uniprot ID:
P75913
Molecular weight:
35343
Reactions
Glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH.
D-glycerate + NAD(P)(+) = hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H.
General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of D-malate into pyruvate. Is essential for aerobic growth on D- malate as the sole carbon source. But is not required for anaerobic D-malate utilization, although DmlA is expressed and active in those conditions. Appears to be not able to use L- tartrate as a substrate for dehydrogenation instead of D-malate
Gene Name:
dmlA
Uniprot ID:
P76251
Molecular weight:
40315
Reactions
(R)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO(2) + NADH.
General function:
Involved in 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
(R)-glycerate + NAD(P)(+) = 2-hydroxy-3- oxopropanoate + NAD(P)H
Gene Name:
glxR
Uniprot ID:
P77161
Molecular weight:
30800
Reactions
D-glycerate + NAD(P)(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)H.
General function:
Involved in glycerate kinase activity
Specific function:
ATP + (R)-glycerate = ADP + 3-phospho-(R)- glycerate
Gene Name:
glxK
Uniprot ID:
P77364
Molecular weight:
38734
Reactions
ATP + (R)-glycerate = ADP + 3-phospho-(R)-glycerate.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
May hydrolyze mannosyl-D-glycerate to mannose-6- phosphate and glycerate
Gene Name:
mngB
Uniprot ID:
P54746
Molecular weight:
100014
Reactions
2-O-(6-phospho-alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + H(2)O = D-mannose 6-phosphate + D-glycerate.

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of D-glucarate
Gene Name:
gudP
Uniprot ID:
Q46916
Molecular weight:
49142
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of D-galactarate
Gene Name:
garP
Uniprot ID:
P0AA80
Molecular weight:
49009
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368