2.0 2012-05-31 14:03:00 -0600 2015-09-13 12:56:13 -0600 ECMDB04037 M2MDB000573 Chloride The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl. Chloride is an important anion in all living systems (being part of NaCl and KCl) and cells actively transport chloride ions to help maintain an appropriate ion balance. Bertholite Chloor Chlor Chlore Chloride Chloride ion Chlorine Chlorine gas Cl Cl- Cl2 Cl<SUP>-</SUP> Diatomic chlorine Dichlorine Molecular chlorine Cl 35.453 34.968852707 chloride chloride 16887-00-6 [Cl-] InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1 VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Gas Cytosol Extra-organism Periplasm melting_point -101 oC logp 0.61 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic -7 ChemAxon iupac chloride ChemAxon average_mass 35.453 ChemAxon mono_mass 34.968852707 ChemAxon smiles [Cl-] ChemAxon formula Cl ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1 ChemAxon inchikey VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M ChemAxon polar_surface_area 0 ChemAxon refractivity 5.62 ChemAxon polarizability 2.39 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 0 ChemAxon acceptor_count 0 ChemAxon donor_count 0 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge -1 ChemAxon Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption ec04960 Specdb::MsMs 29729 Specdb::MsMs 29730 Specdb::MsMs 29731 Specdb::MsMs 36287 Specdb::MsMs 36288 Specdb::MsMs 36289 Specdb::MsMs 2227197 Specdb::MsMs 2227492 Specdb::MsMs 2229555 Specdb::MsMs 2229949 Specdb::MsMs 2232349 Specdb::MsMs 2542583 Specdb::MsMs 2542584 Specdb::MsMs 2542585 HMDB00492 312 306 C00698 17996 CL- Chlorine Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. 21097882 Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. 22080510 SCHULTZ, S. G., WILSON, N. L., EPSTEIN, W. (1962). "Cation transport in Escherichia coli. II. Intracellular chloride concentration." J Gen Physiol 46:159-166. 13909522 Fainsinger RL: Palliative care in Edmonton. Support Care Cancer. 1995 Mar;3(2):91-2. 7539703 Zifarelli G, Pusch M: CLC chloride channels and transporters: a biophysical and physiological perspective. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;158:23-76. 17729441 Tarran R, Donaldson S, Boucher RC: Rationale for hypertonic saline therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Jun;28(3):295-302. 17562499 Kahle KT, Wilson FH, Lalioti M, Toka H, Qin H, Lifton RP: WNK kinases: molecular regulators of integrated epithelial ion transport. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2004 Sep;13(5):557-62. 15300163 Harrison NL: Mechanisms of sleep induction by GABA(A) receptor agonists. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68 Suppl 5:6-12. 17539703 Evans RB: Chlorine: state of the art. Lung. 2005 May-Jun;183(3):151-67. 16078037 Weber, Rainer; Bulan, Andreas; Haas, Michel; Warsitz, Rafael; Werner, Knud. Production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 30pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2007134861 A1 20071129 CAN 148:35931 AN 2007:1361621 http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/000/411/original/HMDB00492.pdf?1358462305 Cysteine synthase A P0ABK5 CYSK_ECOLI cysK http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0ABK5.xml H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter ClcA B1XD25 CLCA_ECODH clcA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/B1XD25.xml H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter ClcA C4ZRP8 CLCA_ECOBW clcA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/C4ZRP8.xml H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter ClcA P37019 CLCA_ECOLI clcA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P37019.xml Voltage-gated ClC-type chloride channel ClcB P76175 CLCB_ECOLI clcB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P76175.xml Outer membrane protein N P77747 OMPN_ECOLI ompN http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77747.xml Outer membrane pore protein E P02932 PHOE_ECOLI phoE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02932.xml Outer membrane protein F P02931 OMPF_ECOLI ompF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02931.xml Outer membrane protein C P06996 OMPC_ECOLI ompC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06996.xml 3-chloro-D-alanine + thioglycolate <> Hydrogen ion + S-Carboxymethyl-D-cysteine + Chloride ALADEHYDCHLORO-RXN 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + Glutathione <> Hydrogen ion + 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + Chloride GST-RXN 3-chloro-D-alanine + Thioglycolate > S-Carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + Chloride 16 mM NaH2PO4; 32 mM Na2HPO4; 5 mM (NH4)2SO4; 40 mM NaCl; 5 mM KCl; 0.4 mM MgSO4, 55 mM glucose Shake flask 44500.0 uM 2000.0 37 oC K12 Stationary Phase (50 mM chloride in media) 178000000 8000000 SCHULTZ, S. G., WILSON, N. L., EPSTEIN, W. (1962). "Cation transport in Escherichia coli. II. Intracellular chloride concentration." J Gen Physiol 46:159-166. 13909522 16 mM NaH2PO4; 32 mM Na2HPO4; 5 mM (NH4)2SO4; 40 mM NaCl; 5 mM KCl; 0.4 mM MgSO4, 55 mM glucose Shake flask 17100.0 uM 900.0 37 oC K12 Mid-Log Phase (50 mM chloride in media) 68400000 3600000 SCHULTZ, S. G., WILSON, N. L., EPSTEIN, W. (1962). "Cation transport in Escherichia coli. II. Intracellular chloride concentration." J Gen Physiol 46:159-166. 13909522 6000.0 uM 0.0 K-12 24000000 0 1. Cybercell Database: <a href='http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi'>http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi</a> <br> 2. Phillips R., Kondev, J., Theriot, J. (2008) “Physical Biology of the Cell” Garland Science, New York, NY.