2.0 2012-05-31 14:01:24 -0600 2015-06-03 15:54:35 -0600 ECMDB03949 M2MDB000544 (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA is the main metabolite produced in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3, MCAD) deficiency; however the product of the enzymatic reaction is not directly detected in several methods for screening of inborn errors of fatty acid oxidation. In order to aid the timely follow-up of screening results that suggest abnormalities in MCAD, rapid and simple confirmatory tests for the enzyme activity and/or gene mutation analysis should be available. (E)-S-2-octenoate (E)-S-2-octenoate CoA (E)-S-2-octenoate Coenzyme A (E)-S-2-octenoic acid (E)-S-2-octenoic acid CoA (E)-S-2-octenoic acid Coenzyme A 2,3-trans-Octenoyl coenzyme A Oct-2-trans-enoyl-CoA Oct-2-trans-enoyl-Coenzyme A Oct-trans-2-enoyl coenzyme A S-(2E)-2-Octenoate S-(2E)-2-Octenoate CoA S-(2E)-2-Octenoate Coenzyme A S-(2E)-2-Octenoic acid S-(2E)-2-Octenoic acid CoA S-(2E)-2-Octenoic acid Coenzyme A Trans-D2,3-Octenoyl-CoA Trans-D2,3-Octenoyl-Coenzyme A Trans-Oct-2-enoyl-CoA Trans-Oct-2-enoyl-Coenzyme A C29H48N7O17P3S 891.714 891.204023371 {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(2E)-oct-2-enoylsulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[({hydroxy[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(2E)-oct-2-enoylsulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy)phosphoryl]oxyphosphoryl}oxy)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid 10018-94-7 CCCCC\C=C\C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N InChI=1S/C29H48N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-20(38)57-13-12-31-19(37)10-11-32-27(41)24(40)29(2,3)15-50-56(47,48)53-55(45,46)49-14-18-23(52-54(42,43)44)22(39)28(51-18)36-17-35-21-25(30)33-16-34-26(21)36/h8-9,16-18,22-24,28,39-40H,4-7,10-15H2,1-3H3,(H,31,37)(H,32,41)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H2,30,33,34)(H2,42,43,44)/b9-8+/t18-,22-,23-,24?,28-/m1/s1 CPSDNAXXKWVYIY-DPSCIZRPSA-N Solid Cytosol logp 0.55 ALOGPS logs -2.45 ALOGPS solubility 3.13e+00 g/l ALOGPS logp -3.8 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 0.83 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 4.95 ChemAxon iupac {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(2E)-oct-2-enoylsulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid ChemAxon average_mass 891.714 ChemAxon mono_mass 891.204023371 ChemAxon smiles CCCCC\C=C\C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N ChemAxon formula C29H48N7O17P3S ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C29H48N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-20(38)57-13-12-31-19(37)10-11-32-27(41)24(40)29(2,3)15-50-56(47,48)53-55(45,46)49-14-18-23(52-54(42,43)44)22(39)28(51-18)36-17-35-21-25(30)33-16-34-26(21)36/h8-9,16-18,22-24,28,39-40H,4-7,10-15H2,1-3H3,(H,31,37)(H,32,41)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H2,30,33,34)(H2,42,43,44)/b9-8+/t18-,22-,23-,24?,28-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey CPSDNAXXKWVYIY-DPSCIZRPSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 363.63 ChemAxon refractivity 200.93 ChemAxon polarizability 81.26 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 25 ChemAxon acceptor_count 17 ChemAxon donor_count 9 ChemAxon physiological_charge -4 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Fatty acid metabolism This pathway depicts the degradation of palmitic acid (C16:0). Fatty acid degradation and synthesis are relatively simple processes that are essentially the reverse of each other. The process of fatty acid degradation, also known as Beta-Oxidation, converts an aliphatic compound into a set of activated acetyl units (acetyl CoA) that can be processed by the citric acid cycle. An activated fatty acid is first oxidized to introduce a double bond; the double bond is then hydrated to introduce an oxygen; the alcohol is then oxidized to a ketone; and, finally, the four carbon fragment is cleaved by coenzyme A to yield acetyl CoA and a fatty acid chain two carbons shorter. If the fatty acid has an even number of carbon atoms and is saturated, the process is simply repeated until the fatty acid is completely converted into acetyl CoA units. Fatty acid synthesis is essentially the reverse of this process. Because the result is a polymer, the process starts with monomers—in this case with activated acyl group and malonyl units. The malonyl unit is condensed with the acetyl unit to form a four-carbon fragment. To produce the required hydrocarbon chain, the carbonyl must be reduced. The fragment is reduced, dehydrated, and reduced again, exactly the opposite of degradation, to bring the carbonyl group to the level of a methylene group with the formation of butyryl CoA. Another activated malonyl group condenses with the butyryl unit and the process is repeated until a C16 fatty acid is synthesized. The first step converts the hydroxydecanoyl into a trans 2decenoyl acp through a protein complex conformed of a hydroxomyristoyl dehydratase and a hydroxydecanoyl dehydratase. The second step leads to the production of a cis 3 decenoyl acp through a 3-hydroxydecanoyl acp dehydratase. For the third step the cis 3 decenoyl acp enters a cycle involving a synthase, reductase, dehydratase and an enoyl reductase which in turn produce a cis x enoyl-acp, hydroxy cis x enoyl, trans x-2 cis x enoyl acp and cis x enoyl respectively.This is done until a palmitoleoyl is produce. In said case the pathway procedes in two different directions. It can either produce a palmitoleic acid through a acyl-coa thioesterase, or produce a Vaccenic acid through a different set of reactions. This process is achieved through a 3-oxoacyl acp synthase, a 3-oxoacyl acp reductase, a 3r hydroxymyristoyl dehydratase and an enoyl acp reductase that produces a transition through 3-oxo cis vaccenoyl acp, 3 hydroxy cis vaccenoyl acp, cis vaccen 2 enoyl acp and a cis vaccenoyl acp respectively. At this point it goes through one final reaction to produce a Vaccenic acid, through an acyl-CoA thioesterase PW000796 ec00071 Metabolic fatty acid oxidation (octanoate) Although enzymes of the pathway handle both short and long chain fatty acids, it is the long chain compounds that induce the enzymes of the pathway . Each turn of the cycle removes two carbon atoms until only two or three remain. When even-numbered fatty acids are broken down, a two-carbon compound remains, acetyl-CoA. When odd number fatty acids are broken down, a three-carbon residue results, propionylCoA. Unsaturated fatty acids, with cis double bonds located at odd-numbered carbon atoms, enter the main pathway of saturated fatty acid degradation by converting related metabolites of cis configuration and D stereoisomers, derived from breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids, to the trans- or L isomers of saturated fatty acid breakdown by an isomerase and an epimerase, respectively. When cis double bonds are located at even-numbered carbon atoms, such as linoleic acid (cis,cis(9,12)-octadecadienoic acid), after the fatty acid is degraded to the ten carbon stage an extra step is required to deal with the resulting compound, trans,δ(2)-cis,δ(4)decadienoyl-CoA. The enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, converts this to trans,δ(2)decenoyl-CoA which enters the normal cycle at the point of the isomerase. The order of the reaction is as follows: a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acid is transformed into a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA through a Long and short chain fatty acid CoA ligase. The 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA is then transformed into a trans 2 enoyl CoA. This enoyl can also be produced from a cis 3 enoyl CoA through a fatty acid oxidation protein complex. The trans 2 enoyl is transformed into a 3s 3 hydroxyacyl CoA through a 2,3 dehydroadipyl CoA hydratase. This same enzyme turns the product into a 3-oxoacyl-CoA. This is followed by the last step in the reaction when the oxoacyl-coa is turn into an acetyl coa+ a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA through a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase PW001022 Metabolic Specdb::NmrOneD 35162 Specdb::NmrOneD 35163 Specdb::NmrOneD 35164 Specdb::NmrOneD 35165 Specdb::NmrOneD 35166 Specdb::NmrOneD 35167 Specdb::NmrOneD 35168 Specdb::NmrOneD 35169 Specdb::NmrOneD 35170 Specdb::NmrOneD 35171 Specdb::NmrOneD 35172 Specdb::NmrOneD 35173 Specdb::NmrOneD 35174 Specdb::NmrOneD 35175 Specdb::NmrOneD 35176 Specdb::NmrOneD 35177 Specdb::NmrOneD 35178 Specdb::NmrOneD 35179 Specdb::NmrOneD 35180 Specdb::NmrOneD 35181 Specdb::MsMs 24605 Specdb::MsMs 24606 Specdb::MsMs 24607 Specdb::MsMs 31163 Specdb::MsMs 31164 Specdb::MsMs 31165 Specdb::MsMs 2431615 Specdb::MsMs 2431616 Specdb::MsMs 2431617 Specdb::MsMs 2508019 Specdb::MsMs 2508020 Specdb::MsMs 2508021 HMDB03949 5280769 4444335 C05276 27537 Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. 22080510 Tajima G, Sakura N, Yofune H, Nishimura Y, Ono H, Hasegawa Y, Hata I, Kimura M, Yamaguchi S, Shigematsu Y, Kobayashi M: Enzymatic diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by detecting 2-octenoyl-CoA production using high-performance liquid chromatography: a practical confirmatory test for tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening in Japan. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Sep 5;823(2):122-30. 16046200 Cummings JG, Lau SM, Powell PJ, Thorpe C: Reductive half-reaction in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: modulation of internal equilibrium by carboxymethylation of a specific methionine residue. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 15;31(36):8523-9. 1390638 Kumar NR, Srivastava DK: Reductive half-reaction of medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase utilizing octanoyl-CoA/octenoyl-CoA as a physiological substrate/product pair: similarity in the microscopic pathways of octanoyl-CoA oxidation and octenoyl-CoA binding. Biochemistry. 1994 Jul 26;33(29):8833-41. 8038175 Reiser, S. E.; Gruys, K. J.; Mitsky, T. A. Characterization and cloning of an (R)-specific trans-2,3-enoylacyl-CoA hydratase from Rhodospirillum rubrum and use of this enzyme for PHA production in Escherichia coli. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnolo Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha P21177 FADB_ECOLI fadB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P21177.xml Probable enoyl-CoA hydratase paaF P76082 PAAF_ECOLI paaF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P76082.xml Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha_ P77399 FADJ_ECOLI fadJ http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77399.xml Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase Q47146 FADE_ECOLI fadE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/Q47146.xml Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha P21177 FADB_ECOLI fadB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P21177.xml (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA <> Water + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA R04746 FAD + Octanoyl-CoA <> FADH2 + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA R03777 (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA > Water + (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA PW_R003793 (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA <> (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA + Water PW_R002475 Octanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein + Octanoyl-CoA > (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA + Reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein PW_R002490 (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA > (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA PW_R003792 FAD + Octanoyl-CoA <> FADH2 + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA FAD + Octanoyl-CoA <> FADH2 + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA