2.02012-05-31 13:58:38 -06002015-09-13 12:56:12 -0600ECMDB03345M2MDB000492alpha-D-GlucoseAlpha-D-Glucose is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. Alpha-D-Glucose is an intermediate in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway where it is converted to beta-D-glucose via galactose-1-epimerase (mutarotase) (EC:5.1.3.3). It is also involved in several other metabolic pathways: fructose and mannose metabolism, galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.α-glucose6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetraolA-D-GlucopyranoseA-D-Glucosea-delta-Glucopyranosea-delta-GlucoseA-DextroseA-Glucosea-δ-Glucopyranosea-δ-GlucoseAlpha-D-GlucopyranoseAlpha-D-GlucoseAlpha-delta-GlucopyranoseAlpha-delta-GlucoseAlpha-DextroseAlpha-GlucoseD-glucoseGlucoseHexopyranoseα-D-Glucopyranoseα-D-Glucoseα-Dextroseα-Glucoseα-δ-Glucopyranoseα-δ-GlucoseC6H12O6180.1559180.063388116(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrolα-glucose492-62-6OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OInChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-NSolidCytoplasmPeriplasmlogp-2.57logs0.64solubility7.82e+02 g/lmelting_point146 oClogp-2.9pka_strongest_acidic11.3pka_strongest_basic-3iupac(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrolaverage_mass180.1559mono_mass180.063388116smilesOC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OformulaC6H12O6inchiInChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1inchikeyWQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-Npolar_surface_area110.38refractivity35.92polarizability16.09rotatable_bond_count1acceptor_count6donor_count5physiological_charge0formal_charge0Starch and sucrose metabolismThe metabolism of starch and sucrose begins with D-fructose interacting with a D-glucose in a reversible reaction through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a water molecule and a sucrose. D-fructose is phosphorylated through an ATP driven fructokinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through either a mannose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.
The Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate is isomerized through a phosphoglucose isomerase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be incorporated by glucose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.
The beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate can also be produced by a D-glucose being phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glucokinase resulting in a ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate.
The beta-D-glucose can produce alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate by two methods:
1.-Beta-D-glucose is isomerized into an alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate and then interacts in a reversible reaction through a phosphoglucomutase-1 resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate.
2.-Beta-D-glucose interacts with a putative beta-phosphoglucomutase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate can be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a
glucose PTS permease. This compound is then isomerized into a Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate
The beta-D-glucose can cycle back into a D-fructose by first interacting with D-fructose in a reversible reaction through a Polypeptide: predicted glucosyltransferase resulting in the release of a phosphate and a sucrose. The sucrose then interacts in a reversible reaction with a water molecule through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-fructose.
Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can produce glycogen in by two different sets of reactions:
1.-Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with a hydrogen ion and an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The ADP-glucose then interacts with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an Amylose. The amylose then interacts with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in glycogen
2.- Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase resulting in a phosphate and a glycogen.
Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can also interacts with UDP-galactose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase resulting in a galactose 1-phosphate and a Uridine diphosphate glucose. The UDP-glucose then interacts with an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase resulting in a uridine 5'-diphosphate, a hydrogen ion and a Trehalose 6- phosphate. The latter compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a trehalose PTS permease. Trehalose interacts with a water molecule through a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an alpha,alpha-trehalose.The alpha,alpha-trehalose can also be obtained from glycogen being metabolized through a glycogen debranching enzyme resulting in a the alpha, alpha-trehalose. This compound ca then be hydrated through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of an alpha-D-glucose and a beta-d-glucose.
Glycogen is then metabolized by reacting with a phosphate through a glycogen phosphorylase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a dextrin. The dextrin is then hydrated through a glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin α-1,6-glucohydrolase resulting in the release of a debranched limit dextrin and a maltotetraose. This compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a
maltose ABC transporter. The maltotetraose interacts with a phosphate through a maltodextrin phosphorylase releasing a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a maltotriose. The maltotriose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotriose can then interact with water through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-maltose. D-maltose can also be incorporated through a
maltose ABC transporter
The D-maltose can then interact with a maltotriose through a amylomaltase resulting in a maltotetraose and a D-glucose. The D-glucose is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphatePW000941ec00500MetabolicGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesisec00010Fructose and mannose metabolismec00051Galactose metabolismGalactose can be synthesized through two pathways: melibiose degradation involving an alpha galactosidase and lactose degradation involving a beta galactosidase. Melibiose is first transported inside the cell through the melibiose:Li+/Na+/H+ symporter. Once inside the cell, melibiose is degraded through alpha galactosidase into an alpha-D-galactose and a beta-D-glucose. The beta-D-glucose is phosphorylated by a glucokinase to produce a beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate which can spontaneously be turned into a alpha D glucose 6 phosphate. This alpha D-glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized into a glucose -1-phosphate through a phosphoglucomutase-1. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase.
Galactose can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose.
Beta-D-galactose can also be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter.
Galactose is degraded through the following process:
Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell
PW000821ec00052MetabolicAmino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismec00520Microbial metabolism in diverse environmentsec01120Metabolic pathwayseco01100Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism IIThe synthesis of amino sugars and nucleotide sugars starts with the phosphorylation of N-Acetylmuramic acid (MurNac) through its transport from the periplasmic space to the cytoplasm. Once in the cytoplasm, MurNac and water undergo a reversible reaction through a N-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate etherase, producing a D-lactic acid and N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate. This latter compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through a phosphorylating PTS permase in the inner membrane that allows for the transport of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine from the periplasmic space. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate can also be obtained from chitin dependent reactions. Chitin is hydrated through a bifunctional chitinase to produce chitobiose. This in turn gets hydrated by a beta-hexosaminidase to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The latter undergoes an atp dependent phosphorylation leading to the production of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate.
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate is then be deacetylated in order to produce Glucosamine 6-phosphate through a N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase. This compound is then deaminased into Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate through a glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase.
The beta-D-fructofuranose 6 -phosphate is isomerized in a reversible reaction into an alpha-D-mannose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be introduced into the cell from the periplasmic space through a mannose PTS permease that phosphorylates an alpha-D-mannose. Alpha-D-mannose 6-phosphate undergoes a reversible reaction through a phosphomannomutase to produce an alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate.
The alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate enters the nucleotide sugar metabolism through a reaction with GTP producing a GDP-mannose and releasing a pyrophosphate, all through a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. GDP-mannose is then dehydrated to produce GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose through a GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase. This compound is then used to synthesize GDP-Beta-L-fucose through a NADPH dependent GDP-L-fucose synthase.
Alpha-D-glucose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glucose PTS permease, which phosphorylates the compound in order to produce an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound is then modified through a phosphoglucomutase 1 to yield alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. This compound can either be adenylated to produce ADP-glucose or uridylylated to produce galactose 1-phosphate through glucose-1-phosphate adenyllyltransferase and galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase respectively.PW000887MetabolicAmino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism IIIThe synthesis of amino sugars and nucleotide sugars starts with the phosphorylation of N-Acetylmuramic acid (MurNac) through its transport from the periplasmic space to the cytoplasm. Once in the cytoplasm, MurNac and water undergo a reversible reaction through a N-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate etherase, producing a D-lactic acid and N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate. This latter compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through a phosphorylating PTS permase in the inner membrane that allows for the transport of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine from the periplasmic space. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate can also be obtained from chitin dependent reactions. Chitin is hydrated through a bifunctional chitinase to produce chitobiose. This in turn gets hydrated by a beta-hexosaminidase to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The latter undergoes an atp dependent phosphorylation leading to the production of N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate.
N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate is then be deacetylated in order to produce Glucosamine 6-phosphate through a N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase. This compound is then deaminased into Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate through a glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase.
Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate is isomerized into a beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. The compound is then isomerized by a putative beta-phosphoglucomutase to produce a beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate. This compound enters the nucleotide sugar metabolism through uridylation resulting in a UDP-glucose. UDP-glucose is then dehydrated through a UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase to produce a UDP-glucuronic acid. This compound undergoes a NAD dependent reaction through a bifunctional polymyxin resistance protein to produce UDP-Beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose. This compound then reacts with L-glutamic acid through a UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose--oxoglutarate aminotransferase to produce an oxoglutaric acid and UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose
The latter compound interacts with a N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate through a bifunctional polymyxin resistance protein ArnA, resulting in a tetrahydrofolate, a hydrogen ion and a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose, which in turn reacts with a product of the methylerythritol phosphate and polysoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate to produce a 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate.
Alpha-D-glucose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glucose PTS permease, which phosphorylates the compound in order to produce an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound is then modified through a phosphoglucomutase 1 to yield alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. This compound can either be adenylated to produce ADP-glucose or uridylylated to produce galactose 1-phosphate through glucose-1-phosphate adenyllyltransferase and galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase respectively.PW000895MetabolicSecondary metabolites: Trehalose Biosynthesis and MetabolismThrehalose biosynthesis begins with an Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacting with an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in the release of a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The latter compound interacts in a reversible reaction with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an amylose. Amylose then interacts in a reversible reaction with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in a glycogen
Glycogen can also be produced by a reversible reaction with Amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase, releasing a phosphate and a glycogen.
Glycogen is then transformed into trehalose through a glycogen debranching enzyme.
Trehalose then interacts with a water molecule through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of a Beta-D-glucose and an Alpha-D-glucose.
The beta-D-glucose is then phosphorylated by and ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.PW000968Metabolicgalactose degradation/Leloir PathwayThe degradation of galactose, also known as Leloir pathway, requires 3 main enzymes once Beta-D-galactose has been converted to galactose through an Aldose-1-epimerase. These are: galactokinase , galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase. Beta-D-galactose can be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter. It can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose.
Galactose is degraded through the following process:
Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell.
PW000884Metabolicglycogen degradation IGLYCOCAT-PWYtrehalose degradation II (trehalase)PWY0-1182trehalose degradation VI (periplasmic)PWY0-1466Specdb::CMs2676Specdb::CMs38578Specdb::CMs161153Specdb::NmrOneD1953Specdb::NmrOneD4817Specdb::NmrOneD135690Specdb::NmrOneD135691Specdb::NmrOneD135692Specdb::NmrOneD135693Specdb::NmrOneD135694Specdb::NmrOneD135695Specdb::NmrOneD135696Specdb::NmrOneD135697Specdb::NmrOneD135698Specdb::NmrOneD135699Specdb::NmrOneD135700Specdb::NmrOneD135701Specdb::NmrOneD135702Specdb::NmrOneD135703Specdb::NmrOneD135704Specdb::NmrOneD135705Specdb::NmrOneD135706Specdb::NmrOneD135707Specdb::NmrOneD135708Specdb::NmrOneD135709Specdb::MsMs2253028Specdb::MsMs2253423Specdb::MsMs2255077Specdb::MsMs2255515Specdb::MsMs2257119Specdb::MsMs2257455Specdb::MsMs2254Specdb::MsMs2255Specdb::MsMs180975Specdb::MsMs180976Specdb::MsMs180977Specdb::MsMs3094168Specdb::MsMs3094169Specdb::MsMs3094170Specdb::MsMs178656Specdb::MsMs178657Specdb::MsMs178658Specdb::MsMs3046369Specdb::MsMs3046370Specdb::MsMs3046371Specdb::NmrTwoD1886HMDB033457902571358C0026717925ALPHA-GLUCOSEGLCKeseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.21097882Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.22080510Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948.18331064Onyshchenko AM, Korobkova KS, Kovalenko NK, Kasumova SO, Skrypal' IH: [The role of the carbohydrate composition of the glycocalyx in some species of lactobacilli in the manifestation of their adhesive properties] Mikrobiol Z. 1999 Nov-Dec;61(6):22-8.10733280Georgiou S, Pasmatzi E, Monastirli A, Sakkis T, Alachioti S, Tsambaos D: Age-related alterations in the carbohydrate residue composition of the cell surface in the unexposed normal human epidermis. Gerontology. 2005 May-Jun;51(3):155-60.15832040Skrypal' IH, Tokovenko IP, Malynovs'ka LP: [Carbohydrate receptors for Mycoplasma fermentans adhesion on human epithelial tissues] Mikrobiol Z. 1995 Jul-Aug;57(4):17-22.8548067Dalmau SR, Freitas CS: Sugar inhibition of the lectin jacalin: comparison of three assays. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1989;22(5):601-10.2620170Simmons, Blake A.; Volponi, Joanne V.; Ingersoll, David; Walker, Andrew. Conversion of sucrose to b-D-glucose using three-stage immobilized enzyme process. U.S. (2007), 12pp.http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/002/926/original/HMDB03345.pdf?1358463389Beta-galactosidaseP00722BGAL_ECOLIlacZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00722.xmlXylose isomeraseP00944XYLA_ECOLIxylAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00944.xmlEvolved beta-galactosidase subunit alphaP06864BGA2_ECOLIebgAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06864.xmlGlucokinaseP0A6V8GLK_ECOLIglkhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6V8.xmlAldose 1-epimeraseP0A9C3GALM_ECOLIgalMhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A9C3.xmlPeriplasmic trehalaseP13482TREA_ECOLItreAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P13482.xmlPTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB componentP19642PTOCB_ECOLImalXhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xmlGlucose-1-phosphataseP19926AGP_ECOLIagphttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19926.xmlMaltodextrin glucosidaseP21517MALZ_ECOLImalZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P21517.xmlAlpha-glucosidase yihQP32138YIHQ_ECOLIyihQhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P32138.xmlPeriplasmic beta-glucosidaseP33363BGLX_ECOLIbglXhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P33363.xmlCytoplasmic trehalaseP62601TREF_ECOLItreFhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P62601.xmlGlucose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIA componentP69783PTGA_ECOLIcrrhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69783.xmlPTS system glucose-specific EIICB componentP69786PTGCB_ECOLIptsGhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xmlcryptic beta-D-galactosidase, beta subunitP0AC73ebgChttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AC73.xmlBeta-galactosidaseG0ZKW2G0ZKW2_ECOLIlacZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/G0ZKW2.xmlPTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB componentP19642PTOCB_ECOLImalXhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xmlPTS system glucose-specific EIICB componentP69786PTGCB_ECOLIptsGhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xmlSugar efflux transporter AP31675SETA_ECOLIsetAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P31675.xmlSugar efflux transporter CP31436SETC_ECOLIsetChttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P31436.xmlD-Maltose + Water <>2 alpha-D-GlucoseR00028Sucrose + Water <> beta-D-Fructose + alpha-D-GlucoseR00802alpha-D-Glucose <> D-FructoseR00878Glucose 1-phosphate + Water <> alpha-D-Glucose + PhosphateR00947alpha-D-Glucose <> b-D-GlucoseR01602alpha-Lactose + Water <> alpha-D-Glucose + D-GalactoseR01678Adenosine triphosphate + alpha-D-Glucose <> ADP + Glucose 6-phosphateR01786D-Glucoside + Water <> ROH + alpha-D-GlucoseR03527Neohancoside D + Water <> beta-D-Fructose + alpha-D-GlucoseR06088alpha-D-Glucose > b-D-GlucoseR01602Trehalose + Water > b-D-Glucose + alpha-D-GlucoseTrehalose + Water <> b-D-Glucose + alpha-D-GlucoseR00010 R06103 α,α-trehalose + Water > alpha-D-Glucose + Beta-D-Glucose + b-D-GlucosePW_R003516alpha-D-Glucose + HPr - phosphorylated > α-D-glucose 6-phosphate + HPr + Mannose 6-phosphatePW_RCT000133