Hydrogen sulfide (ECMDB03276) (M2MDB000486)
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| Version | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2012-05-31 13:58:18 -0600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2015-09-13 12:56:12 -0600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Identification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name: | Hydrogen sulfide | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas. Because it is heavier than air it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell, so potential victims may be unaware of its presence until it is too late. H2S arises from virtually anywhere where elemental sulfur comes into contact with organic material, especially at high temperatures. Hydrogen sulfide is a covalent hydride chemically related to water (H2O) since oxygen and sulfur occur in the same periodic table group. It often results when bacteria break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps, and sewers (alongside the process of anaerobic digestion). It also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas and some well waters. It is also important to note that Hydrogen sulfide is a central participant in the sulfur cycle, the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur on earth. As mentioned above, sulfur-reducing and sulfate-reducing bacteria derive energy from oxidizing hydrogen or organic molecules in the absence of oxygen by reducing sulfur or sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. Other bacteria liberate hydrogen sulfide from sulfur-containing amino acids. Several groups of bacteria can use hydrogen sulfide as fuel, oxidizing it to elemental sulfur or to sulfate by using oxygen or nitrate as oxidant. The purple sulfur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as electron donor in photosynthesis, thereby producing elemental sulfur. (In fact, this mode of photosynthesis is older than the mode of cyanobacteria, algae and plants which uses water as electron donor and liberates oxygen). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms: |
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| Chemical Formula: | H2S | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight: | Average: 34.081 Monoisotopic: 33.987720754 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key: | RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI: | InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS number: | 7783-06-4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name: | hydrogen sulfide | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional IUPAC Name: | hydrogen sulfide | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES: | S | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal sulfides. These are inorganic compounds containing a sulfur atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen belongs to the class of other non-metals. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Homogeneous non-metal compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Other non-metal organides | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Other non-metal sulfides | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Other non-metal sulfides | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors |
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| Physical Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State: | Liquid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charge: | -1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point: | -85.49 °C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties: |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Biological Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations: | Cytoplasm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reactions: | O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> Acetic acid + L-Cysteine + Hydrogen ion 5 Hydrogen ion + 3 NADPH + Sulfite <>3 Water + Hydrogen sulfide +3 NADP L-Cysteine + Water > Hydrogen sulfide + Ammonium + Pyruvic acid D-Cysteine + Water > Hydrogen sulfide + Ammonium + Pyruvic acid L-Cysteine + Water <> Hydrogen sulfide + Pyruvic acid + Ammonia Hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP + 3 Water <> Sulfite +3 NADPH +3 Hydrogen ion O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> L-Cysteine + Acetic acid O-Succinyl-L-homoserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> L-Homocysteine + Succinic acid D-Cysteine + Water <> Hydrogen sulfide + Ammonia + Pyruvic acid Hydrogen ion + 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid > Pyruvic acid + Hydrogen sulfide D-Cysteine + Water <> Pyruvic acid + Hydrogen sulfide + Ammonia + Hydrogen ion L-Cysteine + Water > Pyruvic acid + Ammonia + Hydrogen sulfide + Hydrogen ion Water + NADP + Hydrogen sulfide < Hydrogen ion + NADPH + Sulfite Dethiobiotin + Hydrogen sulfide + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine > Biotin +2 L-Methionine +2 5'-Deoxyadenosine Hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP + 3 Water > Sulfite +3 NADPH O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide > L-Cysteine + Acetic acid D-Cysteine + Water > Hydrogen sulfide + Ammonia + Pyruvic acid Protein N(6)-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 Hydrogen sulfide + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine > protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine +2 L-Methionine +2 5'-Deoxyadenosine O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide > Hydrogen ion + Acetic acid + L-Cysteine L-Cysteine > Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen sulfide + 2-Aminoacrylic acid 3 NADPH + 5 Hydrogen ion + Sulfite + 3 NADPH + Sulfite > Hydrogen sulfide +3 Water +3 NADP Sulfite + 3 NADPH + 5 Hydrogen ion + Sulfite + 3 NADPH >3 Water + NADP + Hydrogen sulfide 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid > Pyruvic acid + Hydrogen sulfide L-Cysteine > Hydrogen sulfide + Hydrogen ion + 2-aminoprop-2-enoate O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> Acetic acid + L-Cysteine + Hydrogen ion 5 Hydrogen ion + 3 NADPH + Sulfite <>3 Water + Hydrogen sulfide +3 NADP More...O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> L-Cysteine + Acetic acid 5 Hydrogen ion + 3 NADPH + Sulfite <>3 Water + Hydrogen sulfide +3 NADP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMPDB Pathways: |
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| EcoCyc Pathways: |
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| Concentrations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| References: |
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| Synthesis Reference: | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific function:
- O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = L- cystathionine + succinate
- Gene Name:
- metB
- Uniprot ID:
- P00935
- Molecular weight:
- 41550
Reactions
| O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = L-cystathionine + succinate. |
- General function:
- Involved in pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific function:
- L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate
- Gene Name:
- metC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06721
- Molecular weight:
- 43212
Reactions
| L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate. |
- General function:
- Involved in lyase activity
- Specific function:
- L-tryptophan + H(2)O = indole + pyruvate + NH(3)
- Gene Name:
- tnaA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A853
- Molecular weight:
- 52773
Reactions
| L-tryptophan + H(2)O = indole + pyruvate + NH(3). |
- General function:
- Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
- Specific function:
- O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate
- Gene Name:
- cysK
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABK5
- Molecular weight:
- 34489
Reactions
| O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate. |
| 3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride. |
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin (DTB) to biotin by the insertion of a sulfur atom into dethiobiotin via a radical- based mechanism
- Gene Name:
- bioB
- Uniprot ID:
- P12996
- Molecular weight:
- 38648
Reactions
| Dethiobiotin + sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = biotin + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine. |
- General function:
- Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
- Specific function:
- Two cysteine synthase enzymes are found. Both catalyze the same reaction. Cysteine synthase B can also use thiosulfate in place of sulfide to give cysteine thiosulfonate as a product
- Gene Name:
- cysM
- Uniprot ID:
- P16703
- Molecular weight:
- 32664
Reactions
| O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate. |
- General function:
- Involved in sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity
- Specific function:
- Component of the sulfite reductase complex that catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. This is one of several activities required for the biosynthesis of L- cysteine from sulfate
- Gene Name:
- cysI
- Uniprot ID:
- P17846
- Molecular weight:
- 63998
Reactions
| H(2)S + 3 NADP(+) + 3 H(2)O = sulfite + 3 NADPH. |
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity
- Specific function:
- Acts as a beta-cystathionase and as a repressor of the maltose regulon
- Gene Name:
- malY
- Uniprot ID:
- P23256
- Molecular weight:
- 43641
Reactions
| L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate. |
- General function:
- Involved in thiosulfate sulfurtransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Transfers a sulfur ion to cyanide or to other thiol compounds. Also has weak rhodanese activity (130-fold lower). Its participation in detoxification of cyanide may be small. May be involved in the enhancement of serine sensitivity
- Gene Name:
- sseA
- Uniprot ID:
- P31142
- Molecular weight:
- 30812
Reactions
| 3-mercaptopyruvate + cyanide = pyruvate + thiocyanate. |
- General function:
- Involved in sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity
- Specific function:
- Component of the sulfite reductase complex that catalyzes the 6-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. This is one of several activities required for the biosynthesis of L- cysteine from sulfate. The flavoprotein component catalyzes the electron flow from NADPH -> FAD -> FMN to the hemoprotein component
- Gene Name:
- cysJ
- Uniprot ID:
- P38038
- Molecular weight:
- 66269
Reactions
| H(2)S + 3 NADP(+) + 3 H(2)O = sulfite + 3 NADPH. |
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives. Free octanoate is not a substrate for lipA
- Gene Name:
- lipA
- Uniprot ID:
- P60716
- Molecular weight:
- 36071
Reactions
| Protein N(6)-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine. |
- General function:
- Involved in D-cysteine desulfhydrase activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the alpha,beta-elimination reaction of D- cysteine and of several D-cysteine derivatives. It could be a defense mechanism against D-cysteine. Can also catalyze the degradation of 3-chloro-D-alanine
- Gene Name:
- dcyD
- Uniprot ID:
- P76316
- Molecular weight:
- 35153
Reactions
| D-cysteine + H(2)O = H(2)S + NH(3) + pyruvate. |
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Non-specific porin
- Gene Name:
- ompN
- Uniprot ID:
- P77747
- Molecular weight:
- 41220
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
- Gene Name:
- phoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P02932
- Molecular weight:
- 38922
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
- Gene Name:
- ompF
- Uniprot ID:
- P02931
- Molecular weight:
- 39333
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
- Gene Name:
- ompC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06996
- Molecular weight:
- 40368
- General function:
- respiratory electron transport chain
- Specific function:
- Not Available
- Gene Name:
- ydhU
- Uniprot ID:
- P77409
- Molecular weight:
- 29582
Reactions
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