
Nitrate (ECMDB02878) (M2MDB000468)
Record Information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Version | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creation Date | 2012-05-31 13:57:15 -0600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Update Date | 2015-09-17 15:41:16 -0600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary Accession Numbers |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Identification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name: | Nitrate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Nitrate is a salt of nitric acid. In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various alcohols are called nitrates. The nitrate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula NO3- and a molecular mass of 62.01 daltons; it consists of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identical oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a negative one formal charge. Nitrates should not be confused with nitrites, the salts of nitrous acid. Organic compounds containing the nitro functional group (which has the same formula and structure as the nitrate ion save that one of the O2 atoms is replaced by the R group) are known as nitro compounds. Nitrate ions can be toxic. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms: |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Formula: | NO3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight: | Average: 62.0049 Monoisotopic: 61.987817871 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Key: | NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI: | InChI=1S/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS number: | 14797-55-8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IUPAC Name: | nitric acid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional IUPAC Name: | nitric acid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMILES: | [O-][N+]([O-])=O | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Taxonomy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as non-metal nitrates. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a nitrate as its largest oxoanion. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kingdom | Inorganic compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Super Class | Homogeneous non-metal compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class | Non-metal oxoanionic compounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sub Class | Non-metal nitrates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct Parent | Non-metal nitrates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative Parents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Substituents |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecular Framework | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Descriptors |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State: | Solid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge: | -1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point: | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental Properties: |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predicted Properties |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biological Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cellular Locations: | Cytoplasm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reactions: | 2 Hydrogen ion + Nitrate + Ubiquinol-8 > Water + Nitrite + Ubiquinone-8 +2 Hydrogen ion 2 Hydrogen ion + Menaquinol 8 + Nitrate > Water + Menaquinone 8 + Nitrite +2 Hydrogen ion Ubiquinol-8 + Nitrate > Ubiquinone-8 + Water + Nitrite Menaquinol 8 + Nitrate > Menaquinone 8 + Water + Nitrite NADH + 2 Nitric oxide + 2 Oxygen > Hydrogen ion + NAD +2 Nitrate NADPH + 2 Nitric oxide + 2 Oxygen > Hydrogen ion + NADP +2 Nitrate Nitrite + Acceptor + Water + Acceptor <> Nitrate + Reduced acceptor + Reduced acceptor 2 Ferricytochrome c + Nitrite + Water <> Nitrate +2 Ferrocytochrome c +2 Hydrogen ion Nitrite + Water + Cytochromes-C-Oxidized <> Nitrate + Cytochromes-C-Reduced NAD(P)H + Nitric oxide + Oxygen > NAD(P)<sup>+</sup> + Nitrate + Hydrogen ion a menaquinol + Nitrate + Hydrogen ion > a menaquinone + Nitrite + Water + Hydrogen ion Nitrate + a ubiquinol > Nitrite + Water + a ubiquinone Nitrate + Hydrogen ion > Nitrite + Water 2 Nitric oxide + 2 Oxygen + NAD(P)H >2 Nitrate + NAD(P)(+) Nitrite + acceptor > Nitrate + reduced acceptor Nitric oxide + 2 Oxygen + NADH + NADPH <>2 Nitrate + NAD + NADP + Hydrogen ion Nitrate + Nitrate > Nitrate Nitrate + cytochrome c nitrite reductase + Nitrate <> Nitrite + cytochrome c nitrite reductase + Water + Nitrite Nitrate + 2 Hydrogen ion + a menaquinol > Nitrite + Water + a menaquinone Nitrite + Acceptor + Water <> Nitrate + Reduced acceptor Nitrite + Acceptor + Water <> Nitrate + Reduced acceptor Nitrite + Acceptor + Water <> Nitrate + Reduced acceptor Nitrite + Acceptor + Water <> Nitrate + Reduced acceptor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMPDB Pathways: |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KEGG Pathways: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EcoCyc Pathways: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concentrations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectra: |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References: |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synthesis Reference: | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Links: |
|
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction
- Gene Name:
- narG
- Uniprot ID:
- P09152
- Molecular weight:
- 140489
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in nitrate reductase activity
- Specific function:
- This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit
- Gene Name:
- narV
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AF32
- Molecular weight:
- 26018
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in iron-sulfur cluster binding
- Specific function:
- The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit
- Gene Name:
- narH
- Uniprot ID:
- P11349
- Molecular weight:
- 58066
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in nitrate reductase activity
- Specific function:
- The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit
- Gene Name:
- narI
- Uniprot ID:
- P11350
- Molecular weight:
- 25497
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in unfolded protein binding
- Specific function:
- Chaperone required for proper molybdenum cofactor insertion and final assembly of the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase 2
- Gene Name:
- narW
- Uniprot ID:
- P19317
- Molecular weight:
- 26160
- General function:
- Involved in iron-sulfur cluster binding
- Specific function:
- This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit
- Gene Name:
- narY
- Uniprot ID:
- P19318
- Molecular weight:
- 58557
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction
- Gene Name:
- narZ
- Uniprot ID:
- P19319
- Molecular weight:
- 140226
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Various electron acceptors are also reduced by HMP in vitro, including dihydropterine, ferrisiderophores, ferric citrate, cytochrome c, nitrite, S-nitrosoglutathione, and alkylhydroperoxides. However, it is unknown if these reactions are of any biological significance in vivo
- Gene Name:
- hmp
- Uniprot ID:
- P24232
- Molecular weight:
- 43867
Reactions
2 NO + 2 O(2) + NAD(P)H = 2 NO(3)(-) + NAD(P)(+). |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP). Only expressed at high levels during aerobic growth. NapAB complex receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme protein napC, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential function for nitrate assimilation and may have a role in anaerobic metabolism
- Gene Name:
- napA
- Uniprot ID:
- P33937
- Molecular weight:
- 93041
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in electron transfer (Probable)
- Gene Name:
- napG
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAL3
- Molecular weight:
- 24924
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in electron transfer
- Gene Name:
- napH
- Uniprot ID:
- P33934
- Molecular weight:
- 31873
- General function:
- Energy production and conversion
- Specific function:
- Small subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP). Only expressed at high levels during aerobic growth. NapAB complex receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme napC protein, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential function for nitrate assimilation and may have a role in anaerobic metabolism
- Gene Name:
- napB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABL3
- Molecular weight:
- 16297
- General function:
- Involved in heme binding
- Specific function:
- Mediates electron flow from quinones to the napAB complex
- Gene Name:
- napC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABL5
- Molecular weight:
- 23100
- General function:
- Involved in unfolded protein binding
- Specific function:
- Chaperone required for proper molybdenum cofactor insertion and final assembly of the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase 1. Required for the insertion of the molybdenum into the apo-NarG subunit, maybe by keeping NarG in an appropriate competent-open conformation for the molybdenum cofactor insertion to occur. NarJ maintains the apoNarGH complex in a soluble state. Upon insertion of the molybdenum cofactor, NarJ seems to dissociate from the activated soluble NarGH complex, before its association with the NarI subunit on the membrane
- Gene Name:
- narJ
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AF26
- Molecular weight:
- 26449
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Non-specific porin
- Gene Name:
- ompN
- Uniprot ID:
- P77747
- Molecular weight:
- 41220
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
- Gene Name:
- phoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P02932
- Molecular weight:
- 38922
- General function:
- Involved in transmembrane transport
- Specific function:
- Involved in excretion of nitrite produced by the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate
- Gene Name:
- narK
- Uniprot ID:
- P10903
- Molecular weight:
- 49693
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
- Gene Name:
- ompF
- Uniprot ID:
- P02931
- Molecular weight:
- 39333
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
- Gene Name:
- ompC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06996
- Molecular weight:
- 40368
- General function:
- Involved in transmembrane transport
- Specific function:
- Involved in excretion of nitrite produced by the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate
- Gene Name:
- narU
- Uniprot ID:
- P37758
- Molecular weight:
- 49890