AICAR (ECMDB01517) (M2MDB000407)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical PropertiesBiological PropertiesSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesEnzymes (7)XML
Proteins (2023)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:53:50 -0600
Update Date2015-06-03 15:54:10 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB01517
Identification
Name:AICAR
DescriptionAICAR (5-amino-4-carboxamide imidazole riboside 5'-phosphate), is a by-product of histidine biosynthesis, and its (ribo)triphosphate derivative, ZTP, has been detected in E. coli. It is also an intermediate in the generation of inosine monophosphate. The purH gene product catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) to 5-form-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) and inosine.
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms:
  • 5'-P-Ribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide
  • 5'-Phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide
  • 5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
  • 5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribotide
  • AICA ribonucleotide
  • AICAR
  • Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide
  • Z-Nucleotide
Chemical Formula:C9H15N4O8P
Weight:Average: 338.2112
Monoisotopic: 338.062749988
InChI Key:NOTGFIUVDGNKRI-UUOKFMHZSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C9H15N4O8P/c10-7-4(8(11)16)12-2-13(7)9-6(15)5(14)3(21-9)1-20-22(17,18)19/h2-3,5-6,9,14-15H,1,10H2,(H2,11,16)(H2,17,18,19)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1
CAS number:3031-94-5
IUPAC Name:{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(5-amino-4-carbamoyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:aica ribonucleotide
SMILES:NC(=O)C1=C(N)N(C=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides. These are organic compounds containing the imidazole ring linked to a ribose ring through a 1-2 bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassImidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
Sub Class1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides
Direct Parent1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamide
  • Pentose phosphate
  • Pentose-5-phosphate
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Monosaccharide phosphate
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • 2-heteroaryl carboxamide
  • Imidazole-4-carbonyl group
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Aminoimidazole
  • Monosaccharide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Primary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • 1,2-diol
  • Carboxamide group
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:-2
Melting point:Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility2.79 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.2ALOGPS
logP-4.8ChemAxon
logS-2.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.22ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area203.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity69.14 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability28.57 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
AICAR + Pyrophosphate <> 5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide + Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-Glutamine <> D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + AICAR + L-Glutamate
SAICAR <> Fumaric acid + AICAR
N10-Formyl-THF + AICAR <> Tetrahydrofolic acid + Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide
SAICAR > Fumaric acid + AICAR
Phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-Glutamine > Hydrogen ion + L-Glutamate + D-Erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + AICAR
N10-Formyl-THF + AICAR > Tetrahydrofolic acid + Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide
Adenylsuccinic acid + SAICAR <> Fumaric acid + Adenosine monophosphate + AICAR
Tetrahydrofolic acid + FAICAR + Tetrahydrofolic acid > 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate + AICAR + N10-Formyl-THF
Phosphoribosyl-AMP + Water > AICAR
AICAR > PhosphoribosylformiminoAICAR-phosphate
SAICAR + SAICAR > AICAR + Fumaric acid
AICAR + 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate + N10-Formyl-THF > FAICAR + tetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate
SAICAR <> Fumaric acid + AICAR
N10-Formyl-THF + AICAR <> Tetrahydrofolic acid + Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide
SMPDB Pathways:
One Carbon Pool by Folate IPW001735 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
One carbon pool by folatePW000773 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Secondary Metabolites: Histidine biosynthesisPW000984 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
histidine biosynthesisPW000810 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesisPW000910 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis 1435709748PW000960 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis 2PW002033 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0002-9613000000-e58f9c8b6a55e4f5a202View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0axr-6690400000-587ddf1606113df75d2dView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-0009000000-7425edce1492dba01a40View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-1019000000-4ca07d05181423b32ed1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004j-9300000000-5c28ca5957750fa338e3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004i-9200000000-70e563a806a4c3a55e97View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004i-9100000000-74be45171db0b5560214View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativesplash10-004r-9104000000-230fd9fc88d41766b56eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-000i-0119000000-9504e432c77e845f195dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-056r-1921000000-b59f42e588be20adfd16View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-2900000000-4725adb433c2ef4f7e01View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-4900000000-731f94a980a3ea830720View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-5900000000-e2c302b537e2a87761caView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-03di-2900000000-f0dad518d8c8a1fa40e2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03di-1960000000-d34b556d9bc2997b36ccView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00c3-1596000000-85bb5fa83829ab8f259eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-02i7-1591000000-165d1c4d5b3bb7d6208eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-004i-3910000000-75666864aadfb515185fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-3901000000-cf120ab9ca59f347fdd4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-4900000000-249a325fdff8a321f364View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-004i-3910000000-9d01581a42f9d1ddbbafView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-004i-0914000000-84c17cba09b2fb11b4d1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-01t9-1900000000-ebd6a0aeccf60882a9c4View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-056r-7900000000-674e1cf6f4488a373690View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-004r-9617000000-715abdd95d031de269f0View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-004i-9400000000-f3a4c70c454a0da6eb32View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-004i-9000000000-3019a28f446b6ae4ee1fView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Jakobsen SN, Hardie DG, Morrice N, Tornqvist HE: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates IRS-1 on Ser-789 in mouse C2C12 myotubes in response to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside. J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 14;276(50):46912-6. Epub 2001 Oct 11. Pubmed: 11598104
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Koistinen HA, Chibalin AV, Zierath JR: Aberrant p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2003 Oct;46(10):1324-8. Epub 2003 Aug 23. Pubmed: 12937895
  • Koistinen HA, Galuska D, Chibalin AV, Yang J, Zierath JR, Holman GD, Wallberg-Henriksson H: 5-amino-imidazole carboxamide riboside increases glucose transport and cell-surface GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle from subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2003 May;52(5):1066-72. Pubmed: 12716734
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Schmitt, Laurent; Caperelli, Carol A. Enantiospecific synthesis of carbocyclic aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (C-AICAR), succinoaminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (C-SAICAR), and a new intermediate for SAICAR analogs. Nucleosides & N
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID18406
HMDB IDHMDB01517
Pubchem Compound ID65110
Kegg IDC04677
ChemSpider ID58620
WikipediaAICA ribonucleotide
BioCyc IDAICAR
EcoCyc IDAICAR
Ligand ExpoAMZ

Enzymes

Protein Details
1. Histidine biosynthesis bifunctional protein hisIE
General function:
Involved in phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase activity
Specific function:
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-ATP + H(2)O = 1-(5- phosphoribosyl)-AMP + diphosphate
Gene Name:
hisI
Uniprot ID:
P06989
Molecular weight:
22756
Reactions
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-ATP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-AMP + diphosphate.
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-AMP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-((5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Protein Details
2. Adenylosuccinate lyase
General function:
Involved in N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity
Specific function:
N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP
Gene Name:
purB
Uniprot ID:
P0AB89
Molecular weight:
51542
Reactions
N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP.
(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Protein Details
3. 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino] imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-((5- phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5- ((5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino)-1-(5- phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
Gene Name:
hisA
Uniprot ID:
P10371
Molecular weight:
26033
Reactions
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-((5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-((5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino)-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Protein Details
4. Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein purH
General function:
Involved in IMP cyclohydrolase activity
Specific function:
10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5- phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5- formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
Gene Name:
purH
Uniprot ID:
P15639
Molecular weight:
57329
Reactions
10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
IMP + H(2)O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
Protein Details
5. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
General function:
Involved in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis
Gene Name:
apt
Uniprot ID:
P69503
Molecular weight:
19859
Reactions
AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
Protein Details
6. Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase subunit hisH
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups
Specific function:
IGPS catalyzes the conversion of PRFAR and glutamine to IGP, AICAR and glutamate. The hisH subunit provides the glutamine amidotransferase activity that produces the ammonia necessary to hisF for the synthesis of IGP and AICAR
Gene Name:
hisH
Uniprot ID:
P60595
Molecular weight:
21653
Reactions
5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + L-glutamine = imidazole-glycerol phosphate + 5-aminoimidazol-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + H(2)O.
Protein Details
7. Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase subunit hisF
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
IGPS catalyzes the conversion of PRFAR and glutamine to IGP, AICAR and glutamate. The hisF subunit catalyzes the cyclization activity that produces IGP and AICAR from PRFAR using the ammonia provided by the hisH subunit
Gene Name:
hisF
Uniprot ID:
P60664
Molecular weight:
28454
Reactions
5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + L-glutamine = imidazole-glycerol phosphate + 5-aminoimidazol-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + H(2)O.