ECMDB: Homocarnosine (ECMDB00745) (M2MDB000182)

Identification Taxonomy Physical Properties Biological Properties Spectra Concentrations Links References Enzymes (7)Transporters (13)XML

Proteins (13)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2012-05-31 13:00:58 -0600

Update Date

2015-09-13 12:56:09 -0600

Secondary Accession Numbers

ECMDB00745

Identification

Name:

Homocarnosine

Description

Homocarnosine is an intermediate of arginine and proline metabolism. tis converted from 4-amino-butanoate via aminoacylhistidine dipeptidase. It consists of gamma-aminobutyric acid and histidine.

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms:

G-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine
G-Aminobutyrylhistidine
Gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine
Gamma-Aminobutyrylhistidine
Homocarnosine
L-Homocarnosine
N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-Histidine
N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-Histidine
γ-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine
γ-Aminobutyrylhistidine

Chemical Formula:

C₁₀H₁₆N₄O₃

Weight:

Average: 240.259
Monoisotopic: 240.122240398

InChI Key:

CCLQKVKJOGVQLU-QMMMGPOBSA-N

InChI:

InChI=1S/C10H16N4O3/c11-3-1-2-9(15)14-8(10(16)17)4-7-5-12-6-13-7/h5-6,8H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)/t8-/m0/s1

CAS number:

3650-73-5

IUPAC Name:

(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name:

(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid

SMILES:

NCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hybrid peptides. Hybrid peptides are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) linked to each other through a peptide bond.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Peptidomimetics

Sub Class

Hybrid peptides

Direct Parent

Hybrid peptides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hybrid peptide
Histidine or derivatives
N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
Gamma amino acid or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
N-acyl-amine
Fatty amide
Fatty acyl
Azole
Imidazole
Heteroaromatic compound
Amino acid
Amino acid or derivatives
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Carboxamide group
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Azacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Carbonyl group
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organopnictogen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

L-histidine derivative (CHEBI:85981 )
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:85981 )
homocarnosine (CHEBI:85981 )

Physical Properties

State:

Solid

Charge:

Melting point:

Not Available

Experimental Properties:

Property	Value	Source

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	7.37 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ALOGPS
logP	-3.9	ChemAxon
logS	-1.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.45	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.99	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	121.1 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	7	ChemAxon
Refractivity	59.75 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	24.49 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations:

Cytoplasm

Reactions:

Homocarnosine + Adenosine triphosphate + Water + Homocarnosine > Homocarnosine + Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion + ADP

SMPDB Pathways:

inner membrane transport

PW000786

KEGG Pathways:

Arginine and proline metabolism ec00330

EcoCyc Pathways:

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

Spectra

Spectra:

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0udi-1920000000-a03e2c4f8b2c9d6a1635	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0udi-0920000000-e48ce78a12a5f4834686	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0fk9-9710000000-32bfa6992d5a80f09a36	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-1920000000-a03e2c4f8b2c9d6a1635	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-0920000000-e48ce78a12a5f4834686	View in MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fk9-9710000000-32bfa6992d5a80f09a36	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-001i-9410000000-343b9389cd3a9e7656c5	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000t-9620000000-f0df8a34f8155fd39194	View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-0910000000-b804d40537827898f4af	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03di-5900000000-26897d5ae957a9cb6b35	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03e9-9300000000-291e9d04c321015b9241	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0090000000-352076fb2d925fdf8d3d	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0f79-0960000000-6efcaf43e71ab44953fa	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-4122cf33c566cb50775c	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-03di-4900000000-499817ec7737f4f71264	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-001i-9300000000-5e2839e6bf4597a45ad3	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4l-0980000000-a0e96805123eef741d16	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-bd852312bcfa93da513d	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-03di-2900000000-b0c96a1971d8e230da77	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-03di-6900000000-086dfb0ef83a3e18d4c9	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-03yi-9300000000-cb8906cb50227e7ec5b5	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-e3a22c7580a368d6849b	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-eab8c998b760a5bc2d46	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-000x-9000000000-d32f932f9d139b180e07	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-0iki-0930000000-80b81755ee1a773ed3bb	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-000i-0090000000-5b43effb3dfed505b61b	View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0f79-0960000000-52b5a3c482216dc5067d	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00dl-1490000000-abafa225b4c4cc6f1314	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0bti-5930000000-d1e289dfa041a96af6e4	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-052f-9400000000-3dc5fad146dc39014458	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0490000000-dfebe908fd4392611bb6	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0uej-3940000000-c7f4d398999fc797b544	View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0f7o-9500000000-f8ed9a520a7d500d0c1e	View in MoNA
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	View in JSpectraViewer

References

References:

Iurovskii SL, Orlov VI, Pogorelova TN, Drukker NA, Madan M: [Homocarnosine of the amniotic fluid as an indicator of fetal cerebral lesions] Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1989 Sep;(9):45-7. Pubmed: 2596637
Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
Lenney JF, Peppers SC, Kucera CM, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: lack of serum carnosinase is the defect probably responsible for elevated brain and CSF homocarnosine. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):157-65. Pubmed: 6616870
Lunde HA, Gjessing LR, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: influence of dietary restriction of histidine. Neurochem Res. 1986 Jun;11(6):825-38. Pubmed: 3736769
Manyam BV, Bhatt MH, Moore WD, Devleschoward AB, Anderson DR, Calne DB: Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis: cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and electrophysiological studies. Ann Neurol. 1992 Apr;31(4):379-84. Pubmed: 1586138
Menachem EB, Persson LI, Schechter PJ, Haegele KD, Huebert N, Hardenberg J, Dahlgren L, Mumford JP: Effects of single doses of vigabatrin on CSF concentrations of GABA, homocarnosine, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in patients with complex partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1988 Mar-Apr;2(2):96-101. Pubmed: 3143561
Pearl PL, Novotny EJ, Acosta MT, Jakobs C, Gibson KM: Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in children and adults. Ann Neurol. 2003;54 Suppl 6:S73-80. Pubmed: 12891657
Perry TL, Kish SJ, Sjaastad O, Gjessing LR, Nesbakken R, Schrader H, Loken AC: Homocarnosinosis: increased content of homocarnosine and deficiency of homocarnosinase in brain. J Neurochem. 1979 Jun;32(6):1637-40. Pubmed: 448356
Petroff OA, Hyder F, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999 Feb;52(3):473-8. Pubmed: 10025774
Petroff OA, Mattson RH, Behar KL, Hyder F, Rothman DL: Vigabatrin increases human brain homocarnosine and improves seizure control. Ann Neurol. 1998 Dec;44(6):948-52. Pubmed: 9851440
Promyslov MSh, Mirzoian RA: [Homocarnosine metabolism in brain tissue] Vopr Biokhim Mozga. 1976;11:71-7. Pubmed: 1032224
Promyslov MSh, Mirzoian RA: [Study of homocarnosine metabolism in the brain tissue in diseases of the nervous system] Vopr Med Khim. 1976 Mar-Apr;22(2):209-12. Pubmed: 1025883
Rothman DL, Behar KL, Prichard JW, Petroff OA: Homocarnosine and the measurement of neuronal pH in patients with epilepsy. Magn Reson Med. 1997 Dec;38(6):924-9. Pubmed: 9402193
Sjaastad O, Berstad J, Gjesdahl P, Gjessing L: Homocarnosinosis. 2. A familial metabolic disorder associated with spastic paraplegia, progressive mental deficiency, and retinal pigmentation. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 Apr;53(4):275-90. Pubmed: 1266573
Sjaastad O, Gjessing L, Berstad JR, Gjesdahl P: Homocarnosinosis. 3. Spinal fluid amino acids in familial spastic paraplegia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1977 Feb;55(2):158-62. Pubmed: 842287
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
Tell G, Bohlen P, Schechter PJ, Koch-Weser J, Agid Y, Bonnet AM, Coquillat G, Chazot G, Fischer C: Treatment of Huntington disease with gamma-acetylenic GABA an irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase: increased CSF GABA and homocarnosine without clinical amelioration. Neurology. 1981 Feb;31(2):207-11. Pubmed: 6258106

Synthesis Reference:

Nagai, Kineshiro; Nagai, Kinuko. Treating inflammatory diseases with homocarnosine. U.S. (1985), 7 pp.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

Links

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	85981
HMDB ID	HMDB00745
Pubchem Compound ID	89235
Kegg ID	C00884
ChemSpider ID	8418848
Wikipedia ID	Not Available
BioCyc ID	Not Available

Enzymes

Protein Details

1. Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppB

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: dppB
Uniprot ID:: P0AEF8
Molecular weight:: 37497

Protein Details

2. Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppC

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: dppC
Uniprot ID:: P0AEG1
Molecular weight:: 32308

Protein Details

3. Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppB

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: oppB
Uniprot ID:: P0AFH2
Molecular weight:: 33443

Protein Details

4. Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppC

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: oppC
Uniprot ID:: P0AFH6
Molecular weight:: 33022

Protein Details

5. Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppD

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:: dppD
Uniprot ID:: P0AAG0
Molecular weight:: 35844

Protein Details

6. Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppF

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:: dppF
Uniprot ID:: P37313
Molecular weight:: 37560

Protein Details

7. Periplasmic dipeptide transport protein

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Dipeptide-binding protein of a transport system that can be subject to osmotic shock. DppA is also required for peptide chemotaxis
Gene Name:: dppA
Uniprot ID:: P23847
Molecular weight:: 60293

Transporters

Protein Details

1. Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppB

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: dppB
Uniprot ID:: P0AEF8
Molecular weight:: 37497

Protein Details

2. Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppC

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: dppC
Uniprot ID:: P0AEG1
Molecular weight:: 32308

Protein Details

3. Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppB

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: oppB
Uniprot ID:: P0AFH2
Molecular weight:: 33443

Protein Details

4. Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppC

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:: oppC
Uniprot ID:: P0AFH6
Molecular weight:: 33022

Protein Details

5. Peptide transport system permease protein sapB

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Involved in a peptide intake transport system that plays a role in the resistance to antimicrobial peptides
Gene Name:: sapB
Uniprot ID:: P0AGH3
Molecular weight:: 36038

Protein Details

6. Peptide transport system permease protein sapC

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Involved in a peptide intake transport system that plays a role in the resistance to antimicrobial peptides
Gene Name:: sapC
Uniprot ID:: P0AGH5
Molecular weight:: 31548

Protein Details

7. Dipeptide and tripeptide permease B

General function:: Involved in peptide transporter activity
Specific function:: Proton-dependent permease that transports di- and tripeptides. Has a clear preference for dipeptides and tripeptides composed of L-amino acids, and discriminates dipeptides on the basis of the position of charges within the substrate
Gene Name:: dtpB
Uniprot ID:: P36837
Molecular weight:: 53575

Protein Details

8. Probable dipeptide and tripeptide permease YjdL

General function:: Involved in peptide transporter activity
Specific function:: Probable proton-dependent permease that transports di- and tripeptides. Shows significantly higher specificity towards dipeptides
Gene Name:: yjdL
Uniprot ID:: P39276
Molecular weight:: 53054

Protein Details

9. Dipeptide permease D

General function:: Involved in peptide transporter activity
Specific function:: Probable proton-dependent permease that transports dipeptides
Gene Name:: dtpD
Uniprot ID:: P75742
Molecular weight:: 54158

Protein Details

10. Dipeptide and tripeptide permease A

General function:: Involved in peptide transporter activity
Specific function:: Proton-dependent permease that transports di- and tripeptides as well as structurally related peptidomimetics such as aminocephalosporins into the cell. Has a clear preference for dipeptides and tripeptides composed of L-amino acids, and discriminates dipeptides on the basis of the position of charges within the substrate
Gene Name:: dtpA
Uniprot ID:: P77304
Molecular weight:: 53991

Protein Details

11. Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppD

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:: dppD
Uniprot ID:: P0AAG0
Molecular weight:: 35844

Protein Details

12. Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppF

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:: dppF
Uniprot ID:: P37313
Molecular weight:: 37560

Protein Details

13. Periplasmic dipeptide transport protein

General function:: Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:: Dipeptide-binding protein of a transport system that can be subject to osmotic shock. DppA is also required for peptide chemotaxis
Gene Name:: dppA
Uniprot ID:: P23847
Molecular weight:: 60293

Homocarnosine (ECMDB00745) (M2MDB000182)

Structure for #<Compound:0x5c36e0b4>

Enzymes

Transporters