Copper (ECMDB00657) (M2MDB000166)
| Record Information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Version | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2012-05-31 10:28:18 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2015-09-13 12:56:08 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name: | Copper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Copper is s a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. The catalytic activity of copper is used by the enzymes that it is associated with and is thus only toxic when unsequestered and unmediated. Copper(II) ions are water-soluble, where they function at low concentration as bacteriostatic substances, fungicides, and wood preservatives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms: |
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| Chemical Formula: | Cu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight: | Average: 63.546 Monoisotopic: 62.929601079 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key: | JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI: | InChI=1S/Cu/q+2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS number: | 7440-50-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name: | copper(2+) ion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional IUPAC Name: | copper(2+) ion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES: | [Cu++] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Homogeneous metal compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Homogeneous transition metal compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Homogeneous transition metal compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors |
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| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State: | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charge: | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point: | 1083 °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties: |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations: | Cytoplasm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reactions: | Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate + Copper + 2 MoaD Protein with thiocarboxylate >5 Hydrogen ion +2 MoaD Protein with carboxylate + Molybdopterin 4 Copper + 4 Hydrogen ion + Oxygen >4 Copper +2 Water 4 Copper + 4 Hydrogen ion + Oxygen >4 Copper +2 Water Adenosine triphosphate + Copper + Water > ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate + Copper Adenosine triphosphate + Copper + Water > ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate + Copper Molybdopterin + Adenylated molybdopterin > Adenosine monophosphate + bis-molybdenum cofactor + Copper Adenylated molybdopterin + tungsten binding cofactor > Adenosine monophosphate + tungsten bispterin cofactor + Copper 2 Hydrogen ion + Molybdate + Adenylated molybdopterin > Adenosine monophosphate + Copper + Water + Molybdopterin 2 Hydrogen ion + Adenylated molybdopterin + Tungstate > Adenosine monophosphate + Copper + Water + tungsten binding cofactor NADH + Copper Hydrogen ion + NAD + Cu<SUP>+</SUP> Cu<SUP>+</SUP> + Hydrogen ion + Oxygen > Copper + Water Copper + NADH > NAD + Cu(+) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMPDB Pathways: |
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| KEGG Pathways: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EcoCyc Pathways: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Find out more about how we convert literature concentrations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra: |
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| References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References: |
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| Synthesis Reference: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Links: |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Does not couple the redox reaction to proton translocation
- Gene Name:
- ndh
- Uniprot ID:
- P00393
- Molecular weight:
- 47358
Reactions
| NADH + acceptor = NAD(+) + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
- Specific function:
- Involved in sulfur transfer in the conversion of molybdopterin precursor Z to molybdopterin
- Gene Name:
- moaD
- Uniprot ID:
- P30748
- Molecular weight:
- 8758
- General function:
- Involved in Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
- Specific function:
- Converts molybdopterin precursor Z to molybdopterin. This requires the incorporation of two sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. The sulfur is provided by moaD
- Gene Name:
- moaE
- Uniprot ID:
- P30749
- Molecular weight:
- 16981
Reactions
| Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate + 2 [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + H(2)O = molybdopterin + 2 [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Probably involved in periplasmic detoxification of copper by oxidizing Cu(+) to Cu(2+) and thus preventing its uptake into the cytoplasm. Possesses phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities and might be involved in the production of polyphenolic compounds and the prevention of oxidative damage in the periplasm
- Gene Name:
- cueO
- Uniprot ID:
- P36649
- Molecular weight:
- 56556
- General function:
- Involved in nucleotide binding
- Specific function:
- Involved in export of lead, cadmium, zinc and mercury
- Gene Name:
- zntA
- Uniprot ID:
- P37617
- Molecular weight:
- 76839
Reactions
| ATP + H(2)O + Cd(2+)(In) = ADP + phosphate + Cd(2+)(Out). |
| ATP + H(2)O + Zn(2+)(In) = ADP + phosphate + Zn(2+)(Out). |
- General function:
- Involved in nucleotide binding
- Specific function:
- Involved in copper export. May also be involved in silver export
- Gene Name:
- copA
- Uniprot ID:
- Q59385
- Molecular weight:
- 87872
Reactions
| ATP + H(2)O + Cu(+)(In) = ADP + phosphate + Cu(+)(Out). |
- General function:
- Involved in Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the insertion of molybdate into adenylated molybdopterin with the concomitant release of AMP
- Gene Name:
- moeA
- Uniprot ID:
- P12281
- Molecular weight:
- 44067
Reactions
| Adenylyl-molybdopterin + molybdate = molybdenum cofactor + AMP. |
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in metal ion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Mediates zinc uptake. May also transport other divalent cations such as copper and cadmium ions
- Gene Name:
- zupT
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A8H3
- Molecular weight:
- 26484
- General function:
- Involved in transmembrane transport
- Specific function:
- Part of a cation efflux system that mediates resistance to copper and silver
- Gene Name:
- cusB
- Uniprot ID:
- P77239
- Molecular weight:
- 44304
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Non-specific porin
- Gene Name:
- ompN
- Uniprot ID:
- P77747
- Molecular weight:
- 41220
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Part of a cation efflux system that mediates resistance to copper and silver
- Gene Name:
- cusA
- Uniprot ID:
- P38054
- Molecular weight:
- 114706
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
- Gene Name:
- phoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P02932
- Molecular weight:
- 38922
- General function:
- Involved in copper ion binding
- Specific function:
- Part of a cation efflux system that mediates resistance to copper and silver. Binds one copper per polypeptide
- Gene Name:
- cusF
- Uniprot ID:
- P77214
- Molecular weight:
- 12251
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Part of a cation efflux system that mediates resistance to copper and silver. In pathogenic strains it allows the bacteria to invade brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) thus allowing it to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause neonatal meningitis
- Gene Name:
- cusC
- Uniprot ID:
- P77211
- Molecular weight:
- 50269
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
- Gene Name:
- ompF
- Uniprot ID:
- P02931
- Molecular weight:
- 39333
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
- Gene Name:
- ompC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06996
- Molecular weight:
- 40368