L-Cysteine (ECMDB00574) (M2MDB000152)
Record Information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Version | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creation Date | 2012-05-31 10:27:32 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Update Date | 2015-09-13 12:56:08 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary Accession Numbers |
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Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name: | L-Cysteine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Cysteine is a naturally occurring, sulfur-containing amino acid that is found in most proteins, although only in small quantities. Cysteine is unique amongst the twenty natural amino acids as it contains a thiol group. Thiol groups can undergo oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions; when cysteine is oxidized it can form cystine, which is two cysteine residues joined by a disulfide bond. This reaction is reversible: as reduction of this disulphide bond regenerates two cysteine molecules. The disulphide bonds of cystine are crucial to defining the structures of many proteins. Cysteine is often involved in electron-transfer reactions, and help the enzyme catalyze its reaction. Cysteine is also part of the antioxidant glutathione. Oxidation of cysteine can produce a disulfide bond with another thiol, or further oxidation can produce sulphfinic or sulfonic acids. The cysteine thiol group is also a nucleophile and can undergo addition and substitution reactions. Thiol groups become much more reactive when they are ionized, and cysteine residues in proteins have pKa values close to neutrality, so are often in their reactive thiolate form in the cell. The thiol group also has a high affinity for heavy metals and proteins containing cysteine will bind metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium tightly.Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is important in energy metabolism. (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms: |
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Chemical Formula: | C3H7NO2S | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight: | Average: 121.158 Monoisotopic: 121.019749163 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Key: | XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI: | InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS number: | 52-90-4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IUPAC Name: | (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional IUPAC Name: | L-cysteine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMILES: | N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cysteine and derivatives. Cysteine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct Parent | Cysteine and derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Substituents |
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Descriptors |
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Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State: | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge: | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point: | 220 °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental Properties: |
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Predicted Properties |
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Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cellular Locations: | Cytoplasm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reactions: | Cysteinylglycine + Water > L-Cysteine + Glycine Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + Water > ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate + L-Cysteine Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + Water > ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate + L-Cysteine L-Cysteine + SufSE sulfur acceptor complex > L-Alanine + SufSE with bound sulfur O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> Acetic acid + L-Cysteine + Hydrogen ion L-Cysteine + Water > Hydrogen sulfide + Ammonium + Pyruvic acid Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + tRNA(Cys) + tRNA(Cys) <> Adenosine monophosphate + L-Cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) + Pyrophosphate + L-Cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) L-Cysteine + IscS sulfur acceptor protein > L-Alanine + IscS with bound sulfur Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + L-Glutamate <> ADP + gamma-Glutamylcysteine + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + Cytidine triphosphate + L-Cysteine > 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine + Cytidine monophosphate + Hydrogen ion + Pyrophosphate L-Cysteine + O-Succinyl-L-homoserine <> L-Cystathionine + Hydrogen ion + Succinic acid L-Cysteine + Water <> Hydrogen sulfide + Pyruvic acid + Ammonia Adenosine triphosphate + L-Glutamate + L-Cysteine <> ADP + Phosphate + gamma-Glutamylcysteine L-Cysteine + alpha-Ketoglutarate <> 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid + DL-Glutamic acid O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> L-Cysteine + Acetic acid Cysteinylglycine + Water <> L-Cysteine + Glycine Cystathionine + Succinic acid <> O-Succinyl-L-homoserine + L-Cysteine o-acetyl-l-homoserine + L-Cysteine <> L-Cystathionine + Acetic acid O-Succinyl-L-homoserine + L-Cysteine <> L-Cystathionine + Succinic acid Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + tRNA(Cys) <> Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-Cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) Adenosine triphosphate + D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + L-Cysteine <> Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine Cytidine triphosphate + D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + L-Cysteine <> Cytidine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine O-Acetylserine + Thiosulfate + Thioredoxin + Hydrogen ion <> L-Cysteine + Sulfite + Thioredoxin disulfide + Acetic acid [Enzyme]-cysteine + L-Cysteine <> [Enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine + L-Alanine Oxoglutaric acid + L-Cysteine > L-Glutamate + 3-Mercaptopyruvic acid L-Cysteine + L-Glutamate + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + gamma-Glutamylcysteine + Phosphate + ADP More...L-Cysteine + Water > Pyruvic acid + Ammonia + Hydrogen sulfide + Hydrogen ion L-Cysteine + O-Succinyl-L-homoserine > Hydrogen ion + Succinic acid + L-Cystathionine L-Cysteine + a sulfur acceptor + Hydrogen ion L-Alanine + <i>S</i>-sulfanyl-[acceptor] L-Cysteine + Adenosine triphosphate + Water > L-Cysteine + ADP + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion L-Cysteine + Adenosine triphosphate + Water > L-Cysteine + ADP + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion L-Cysteine + L-Cysteine-Desulfurases > L-Alanine + Persulfurated-L-cysteine-desulfurases Cytidine triphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-Cysteine > Cytidine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide > L-Cysteine + Acetic acid Adenosine triphosphate + L-Glutamate + L-Cysteine > ADP + Inorganic phosphate + gamma-Glutamylcysteine L-Cysteine + acceptor > L-Alanine + S-sulfanyl-acceptor O-Succinyl-L-homoserine + L-Cysteine > L-Cystathionine + Succinic acid Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + tRNA(Cys) > Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) L-Cysteine + 'activated' tRNA > L-Serine + tRNA containing a thionucleotide L-Cysteine + 'Activated' tRNA <> L-Serine + tRNA containing a thionucleotide L-Cysteine + an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide > an [L-cysteine desulfurase] L-cysteine persulfide + L-Alanine + L-Alanine L-Cysteine + tRNA(Cys) + Adenosine triphosphate + Hydrogen ion > Pyrophosphate + Adenosine monophosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) O-Acetylserine > Hydrogen ion + Acetic acid + L-Cysteine O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide > Hydrogen ion + Acetic acid + L-Cysteine L-Cysteine > Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen sulfide + 2-Aminoacrylic acid Cytidine triphosphate + D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + L-Cysteine + D-4'-Phosphopantothenate > Cytidine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine + Cytidine monophosphate D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + Cytidine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + D-4'-Phosphopantothenate > Cytidine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Hydrogen ion + 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine + Cytidine monophosphate L-Glutamic acid + Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + L-Glutamate > Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion + gamma-Glutamylcysteine + ADP L-Cysteine + Adenosine triphosphate + Water > ADP + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion L-Cysteine > Hydrogen sulfide + Hydrogen ion + 2-aminoprop-2-enoate O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> Acetic acid + L-Cysteine + Hydrogen ion Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + tRNA(Cys) <> Adenosine monophosphate + L-Cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) + Pyrophosphate O-Acetylserine + Hydrogen sulfide <> L-Cysteine + Acetic acid [Enzyme]-cysteine + L-Cysteine <> [Enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine + L-Alanine Cysteinylglycine + Water > L-Cysteine + Glycine Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + L-Glutamate <> ADP + gamma-Glutamylcysteine + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + Cytidine triphosphate + L-Cysteine >4 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine + Cytidine monophosphate + Hydrogen ion + Pyrophosphate [Enzyme]-cysteine + L-Cysteine <> [Enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine + L-Alanine Adenosine triphosphate + L-Cysteine + L-Glutamate <> ADP + gamma-Glutamylcysteine + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate D-4'-Phosphopantothenate + Cytidine triphosphate + L-Cysteine >4 4-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine + Cytidine monophosphate + Hydrogen ion + Pyrophosphate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMPDB Pathways: |
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KEGG Pathways: |
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EcoCyc Pathways: |
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Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Find out more about how we convert literature concentrations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectra: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References: |
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Synthesis Reference: | Kumagai, Hidehiko; Tanaka, Hideyuki; Sejima, Shunsuke; Yamada, Hideaki. Elimination and replacement reactions of b-chloro-L-alanine by cysteine desulfhydrase from Aerobacter aerogenes. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (1977), 41(10), 2071-5. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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External Links: |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity
- Specific function:
- L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate
- Gene Name:
- aspC
- Uniprot ID:
- P00509
- Molecular weight:
- 43573
Reactions
L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate. |
- General function:
- Involved in pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific function:
- O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = L- cystathionine + succinate
- Gene Name:
- metB
- Uniprot ID:
- P00935
- Molecular weight:
- 41550
Reactions
O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = L-cystathionine + succinate. |
- General function:
- Involved in proteolysis
- Specific function:
- Aminopeptidase N is involved in the degradation of intracellular peptides generated by protein breakdown during normal growth as well as in response to nutrient starvation
- Gene Name:
- pepN
- Uniprot ID:
- P04825
- Molecular weight:
- 98918
Reactions
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-|-Yaa- from a peptide, amide or arylamide. Xaa is preferably Ala, but may be most amino acids including Pro (slow action). When a terminal hydrophobic residue is followed by a prolyl residue, the two may be released as an intact Xaa-Pro dipeptide. |
- General function:
- Involved in pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific function:
- L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate
- Gene Name:
- metC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06721
- Molecular weight:
- 43212
Reactions
L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate. |
- General function:
- Involved in metabolic process
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur and selenium atoms from cysteine and selenocysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for NAD, biotin and Fe-S cluster synthesis. Transfers sulfur on 'Cys-456' of thiI in a transpersulfidation reaction. Transfers sulfur on 'Cys-19' of tusA in a transpersulfidation reaction. Functions also as a selenium delivery protein in the pathway for the biosynthesis of selenophosphate
- Gene Name:
- iscS
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A6B7
- Molecular weight:
- 45089
Reactions
L-cysteine + acceptor = L-alanine + S-sulfanyl-acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
- Specific function:
- ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine = ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
- Gene Name:
- gshA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A6W9
- Molecular weight:
- 58269
Reactions
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine = ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine. |
- General function:
- Involved in lyase activity
- Specific function:
- L-tryptophan + H(2)O = indole + pyruvate + NH(3)
- Gene Name:
- tnaA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A853
- Molecular weight:
- 52773
Reactions
L-tryptophan + H(2)O = indole + pyruvate + NH(3). |
- General function:
- Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
- Specific function:
- O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate
- Gene Name:
- cysK
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABK5
- Molecular weight:
- 34489
Reactions
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate. |
3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride. |
- General function:
- Involved in phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A. In the first step cysteine is conjugated to 4'-phosphopantothenate to form 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine, in the latter compound is decarboxylated to form 4'-phosphopantotheine
- Gene Name:
- coaBC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABQ0
- Molecular weight:
- 43438
Reactions
N-((R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl)-L-cysteine = pantotheine 4'-phosphate + CO(2). |
CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + N-((R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl)-L-cysteine. |
- General function:
- Involved in hydrolase activity
- Specific function:
- Dipeptidase with broad substrate specificity. Requires dipeptide substrates with an unblocked N-terminus and the amino group in the alpha or beta position. Non-protein amino acids and proline are not accepted in the C-terminal position, whereas some dipeptide amides and formyl amino acids are hydrolyzed. Also shows cysteinylglycinase activity, which is sufficient for E.coli to utilize cysteinylglycine as a cysteine source
- Gene Name:
- pepD
- Uniprot ID:
- P15288
- Molecular weight:
- 52915
Reactions
Hydrolysis of dipeptides, preferentially hydrophobic dipeptides including prolyl amino acids. |
- General function:
- Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
- Specific function:
- Two cysteine synthase enzymes are found. Both catalyze the same reaction. Cysteine synthase B can also use thiosulfate in place of sulfide to give cysteine thiosulfonate as a product
- Gene Name:
- cysM
- Uniprot ID:
- P16703
- Molecular weight:
- 32664
Reactions
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate. |
- General function:
- Involved in cysteine-tRNA ligase activity
- Specific function:
- ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys)
- Gene Name:
- cysS
- Uniprot ID:
- P21888
- Molecular weight:
- 52202
Reactions
ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys). |
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity
- Specific function:
- Acts as a beta-cystathionase and as a repressor of the maltose regulon
- Gene Name:
- malY
- Uniprot ID:
- P23256
- Molecular weight:
- 43641
Reactions
L-cystathionine + H(2)O = L-homocysteine + NH(3) + pyruvate. |
- General function:
- Involved in aminopeptidase activity
- Specific function:
- Probably plays an important role in intracellular peptide degradation
- Gene Name:
- pepB
- Uniprot ID:
- P37095
- Molecular weight:
- 46180
Reactions
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa, from a peptide or arylamide. Xaa is preferably Glu or Asp but may be other amino acids, including Leu, Met, His, Cys and Gln. |
- General function:
- Involved in aminopeptidase activity
- Specific function:
- Presumably involved in the processing and regular turnover of intracellular proteins. Catalyzes the removal of unsubstituted N-terminal amino acids from various peptides. Required for plasmid ColE1 site-specific recombination but not in its aminopeptidase activity. Could act as a structural component of the putative nucleoprotein complex in which the Xer recombination reaction takes place
- Gene Name:
- pepA
- Uniprot ID:
- P68767
- Molecular weight:
- 54879
Reactions
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-|-Yaa-, in which Xaa is preferably Leu, but may be other amino acids including Pro although not Arg or Lys, and Yaa may be Pro. Amino acid amides and methyl esters are also readily hydrolyzed, but rates on arylamides are exceedingly low. |
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferentially leucine, but not glutamic or aspartic acids. |
- General function:
- Involved in metabolic process
- Specific function:
- Cysteine desulfurases mobilize the sulfur from L- cysteine to yield L-alanine, an essential step in sulfur metabolism for biosynthesis of a variety of sulfur-containing biomolecules. Component of the suf operon, which is activated and required under specific conditions such as oxidative stress and iron limitation. Acts as a potent selenocysteine lyase in vitro, that mobilizes selenium from L-selenocysteine. Selenocysteine lyase activity is however unsure in vivo
- Gene Name:
- sufS
- Uniprot ID:
- P77444
- Molecular weight:
- 44433
Reactions
L-cysteine + acceptor = L-alanine + S-sulfanyl-acceptor. |
L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = selenide + L-alanine + acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in nucleotide binding
- Specific function:
- Somehow involved in the cytochrome D branch of aerobic respiration. Seems to be a component of a transport system
- Gene Name:
- cydC
- Uniprot ID:
- P23886
- Molecular weight:
- 62920
- General function:
- Involved in nucleotide binding
- Specific function:
- Somehow involved in the cytochrome D branch of aerobic respiration. Seems to be a component of a transport system
- Gene Name:
- cydD
- Uniprot ID:
- P29018
- Molecular weight:
- 65055
- General function:
- Involved in RNA binding
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of a sulfur to tRNA to produce 4-thiouridine in position 8 of tRNAs, which functions as a near-UV photosensor. Also catalyzes the transfer of sulfur to the sulfur carrier protein ThiS, forming ThiS-thiocarboxylate. This is a step in the synthesis of thiazole, in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. The sulfur is donated as persulfide by iscS
- Gene Name:
- thiI
- Uniprot ID:
- P77718
- Molecular weight:
- 54973
Reactions
L-cysteine + 'activated' tRNA = L-serine + tRNA containing a thionucleotide. |
[IscS]-SSH + [ThiS]-COAMP = [IscS]-SH + [ThiS]-COSH + AMP. |
- General function:
- Not Available
- Specific function:
- Participates in cysteine desulfuration mediated by sufS. Cysteine desulfuration mobilizes sulfur from L-cysteine to yield L-alanine and constitutes an essential step in sulfur metabolism for biosynthesis of a variety of sulfur-containing biomolecules. Functions as a sulfur acceptor for sufS, by mediating the direct transfer of the sulfur atom from the S-sulfanylcysteine of sufS, an intermediate product of cysteine desulfuration process. Together with the sufBCD complex, it thereby enhances up to 50- fold, the cysteine desulfurase activity of sufS. Component of the suf operon, which is activated and required under specific conditions such as oxidative stress and iron limitation. Does not affect the selenocysteine lyase activity of sufS
- Gene Name:
- sufE
- Uniprot ID:
- P76194
- Molecular weight:
- 15800
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in proteolysis
- Specific function:
- Aminopeptidase N is involved in the degradation of intracellular peptides generated by protein breakdown during normal growth as well as in response to nutrient starvation
- Gene Name:
- pepN
- Uniprot ID:
- P04825
- Molecular weight:
- 98918
Reactions
Release of an N-terminal amino acid, Xaa-|-Yaa- from a peptide, amide or arylamide. Xaa is preferably Ala, but may be most amino acids including Pro (slow action). When a terminal hydrophobic residue is followed by a prolyl residue, the two may be released as an intact Xaa-Pro dipeptide. |
- General function:
- Involved in nucleotide binding
- Specific function:
- Probably part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system yecCS for an amino acid. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
- Gene Name:
- yecC
- Uniprot ID:
- P37774
- Molecular weight:
- 27677
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Probably part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system yecCS for an amino acid; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
- Gene Name:
- yecS
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFT2
- Molecular weight:
- 24801
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Non-specific porin
- Gene Name:
- ompN
- Uniprot ID:
- P77747
- Molecular weight:
- 41220
- General function:
- Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
- Specific function:
- May be an export pump for cysteine and other metabolites of the cysteine pathway (such as N-acetyl-L-serine (NAS) and O- acetyl-L-serine (OAS)), and for other amino acids and their metabolites
- Gene Name:
- eamA
- Uniprot ID:
- P31125
- Molecular weight:
- 32324
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
- Gene Name:
- phoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P02932
- Molecular weight:
- 38922
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
- Gene Name:
- ompF
- Uniprot ID:
- P02931
- Molecular weight:
- 39333
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
- Gene Name:
- ompC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06996
- Molecular weight:
- 40368
- General function:
- Signal transduction mechanisms
- Specific function:
- Exporter of O-acetylserine (OAS) and cysteine
- Gene Name:
- eamB
- Uniprot ID:
- P38101
- Molecular weight:
- 21248
- General function:
- transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system for cystine.
- Gene Name:
- fliY
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEM9
- Molecular weight:
- 29038