Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 10:23:52 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:07 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB00215
Identification
Name:N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
DescriptionN-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (N-acetlyglucosamine) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. Chemically it is an amide between glucosamine and acetic acid. A single N-acetlyglucosamine moiety linked to serine or threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins -O-GlcNAc, is an ubiquitous post-translational protein modification. O-GlcNAc modified proteins are involved in sensing the nutrient status of the surrounding cellular environment and adjusting the activity of cellular proteins accordingly. O-GlcNAc initiates a protective response to stress, modulates a cell's capacity to grow and divide, and regulates gene transcription. (PMID 16237703)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxyhexose
  • 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose
  • 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose
  • 2-Acetamido-D-glucose
  • 2-Acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose
  • N-acetylglucosamine
  • Acetylglucosamine
  • Glcnac
  • N-Acetylchitosamine
  • N-Acetylglucosamine
  • NAcGlc
Chemical Formula:C8H15NO6
Weight:Average: 221.2078
Monoisotopic: 221.089937217
InChI Key:OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-DMHSOCPYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+/m0/s1
CAS number:7512-17-6
IUPAC Name:N-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
Traditional IUPAC Name:N-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
SMILES:[H]OC([H])([H])[C@]1([H])O[C@@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]([H])(N([H])C(=O)C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]1([H])O[H]
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminosugars. These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentAcylaminosugars
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acylaminosugar
  • N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Monosaccharide
  • Acetamide
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Carboxamide group
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:210 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:167 mg/mL [HMP experimental]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility254 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logP-3.2ChemAxon
logS0.06ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.6ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.78ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area119.25 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity47.02 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability20.6 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine > N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate + Pyruvic acid
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine(anhydrous)N-Acetylmuramic acid + Water > N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetylmuramate
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine(anhydrous)N-Acetylmuramyl-tetrapeptide + Water > N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + 1,6-Anhydrous-N-Acetylmuramyl-tetrapeptide
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine(anhydrous)N-Acetylmuramyl-tripeptide + Water > N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + 1,6-Anhydrous-N-Acetylmuramyl-tripeptide
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + Adenosine triphosphate <> N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate + ADP + Hydrogen ion
Diacetylchitobiose-6-phosphate + Water > N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate
Chitobiose + Water <>2 N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
Adenosine triphosphate + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine <> ADP + N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate
Chitin + Water <> N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + Chitin
Protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine <> Protein histidine + N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate
a peptidoglycan + Water a peptidoglycan with cleaved N-acetyl-glucosamine + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate + ADP
<i>N</i>-acetyl-&beta;-D-glucosamine(anhydrous)-<i>N</i>-acetylmuramate + Water N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetylmuramate
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine > N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate + Pyruvic acid
Adenosine triphosphate + Water + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine > N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + ADP + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion
Adenosine triphosphate + Water + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine > N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine + ADP + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion
Chitobiose + Water <>2 N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
Chitobiose + Water <>2 N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0f79-0940000000-0d7d2d612ca41562809eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-001s-9600000000-3de4e51e2205e3ff671fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-001j-9000000000-fcf5ccaeb65b9b59825dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0390000000-ce54c5d356ec2fc8ab9fView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0il0-2950000000-e4e02ffea74d8dfd0810View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-01ox-9400000000-193b1fdde3c57b9db67aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00dr-9830000000-5464ceae5afcba890084View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0ac0-9820000000-78cbfc747ed0209c6806View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9200000000-407cae358947a1ac5567View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Slawson, C., Housley, M. P., Hart, G. W. (2006). "O-GlcNAc cycling: how a single sugar post-translational modification is changing the way we think about signaling networks." J Cell Biochem 97:71-83. Pubmed: 16237703
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Zhang, He; Qi, Shanlong; Yang, Shenggui. Production of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from chitin. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2006), 6pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17411
HMDB IDHMDB00215
Pubchem Compound ID439174
Kegg IDC00140
ChemSpider ID10035566
WikipediaN-acetylglucosamine
BioCyc IDN-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE
EcoCyc IDN-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE
Ligand ExpoNGZ

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Specific function:
General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. Enzyme I transfers the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr)
Gene Name:
ptsI
Uniprot ID:
P08839
Molecular weight:
63561
Reactions
Phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.
General function:
Involved in protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylglucosamine transport
Gene Name:
nagE
Uniprot ID:
P09323
Molecular weight:
68346
Reactions
Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine.
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Bifunctional enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity
Gene Name:
chiA
Uniprot ID:
P13656
Molecular weight:
97057
Reactions
Random hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins.
Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes a wide variety of P-beta-glucosides including cellobiose-6P, salicin-6P, arbutin-6P, gentiobiose-6P, methyl- beta-glucoside-6P and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6P. Is also able to hydrolyze phospho-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose
Gene Name:
chbF
Uniprot ID:
P17411
Molecular weight:
50512
Reactions
6-phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose + H(2)O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
General function:
Involved in sugar:hydrogen symporter activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in glucose transport
Gene Name:
crr
Uniprot ID:
P69783
Molecular weight:
18251
Reactions
Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine.
General function:
Involved in protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in glucose transport. This enzyme is also a chemoreceptor monitoring the environment for changes in sugar concentration
Gene Name:
ptsG
Uniprot ID:
P69786
Molecular weight:
50676
Reactions
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
General function:
Involved in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
Specific function:
Cleaves GlcNAc linked beta-1,4 to MurNAc tripeptides
Gene Name:
nagZ
Uniprot ID:
P75949
Molecular weight:
37594
Reactions
Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.
General function:
Involved in N-acetylglucosamine kinase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) derived from cell-wall degradation, yielding GlcNAc-6-P. Has also low level glucokinase activity in vitro
Gene Name:
nagK
Uniprot ID:
P75959
Molecular weight:
33042
Reactions
ATP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
General function:
Involved in sugar:hydrogen symporter activity
Specific function:
General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr by enzyme I. Phospho-HPr then transfers it to the permease (enzymes II/III)
Gene Name:
ptsH
Uniprot ID:
P0AA04
Molecular weight:
9119
Reactions
Protein HPr N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIA = protein HPr + protein EIIA N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.

Transporters

General function:
Involved in protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in N-acetylglucosamine transport
Gene Name:
nagE
Uniprot ID:
P09323
Molecular weight:
68346
Reactions
Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine.
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Bifunctional enzyme with lysozyme/chitinase activity
Gene Name:
chiA
Uniprot ID:
P13656
Molecular weight:
97057
Reactions
Random hydrolysis of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (1->4)-beta-linkages in chitin and chitodextrins.
Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins.
General function:
Involved in protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in glucose transport. This enzyme is also a chemoreceptor monitoring the environment for changes in sugar concentration
Gene Name:
ptsG
Uniprot ID:
P69786
Molecular weight:
50676
Reactions
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368