Galactitol (ECMDB00107) (M2MDB000040)
| Record Information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Version | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2012-05-31 09:57:27 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2015-06-03 15:53:12 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name: | Galactitol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Galactitol, also called dulcitol, is a sugar alcohol, the reduction product of galactose. Galactitol is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. Galactose itself comes from the metabolism of the disaccharide lactose into glucose and galactose (Wikipedia). It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms: |
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| Chemical Formula: | C6H14O6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight: | Average: 182.1718 Monoisotopic: 182.07903818 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key: | FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI: | InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS number: | 608-66-2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name: | (2R,3S,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional IUPAC Name: | galactitol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES: | OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Organooxygen compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Sugar alcohols | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors |
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| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State: | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charge: | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point: | 189.5 °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties: |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations: | Cytoplasm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reactions: | Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Galactitol > Galactitol 1-phosphate + Pyruvic acid Galactitol + Protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine <> Galactitol 1-phosphate + Protein histidine Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Galactitol > Galactitol 1-phosphate + Pyruvic acid Galactitol + HPr - phosphorylated > Galactose 1-phosphate + HPr + Galactose 1-phosphate Galactitol + Protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine <> Galactitol 1-phosphate + Protein histidine Galactitol + Protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine <> Galactitol 1-phosphate + Protein histidine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMPDB Pathways: |
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| KEGG Pathways: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EcoCyc Pathways: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References: |
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| Synthesis Reference: | Muniruzzaman, Syed; Itoh, Hiromichi; Yoshino, Akira; Katayama, Takeshi; Izumori, Ken. Biotransformation of lactose to galactitol. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering (1994), 77(1), 32-5. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Links: |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
- Specific function:
- General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. Enzyme I transfers the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr)
- Gene Name:
- ptsI
- Uniprot ID:
- P08839
- Molecular weight:
- 63561
Reactions
| Phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine. |
- General function:
- Involved in sugar:hydrogen symporter activity
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in galactitol transport
- Gene Name:
- gatB
- Uniprot ID:
- P37188
- Molecular weight:
- 10222
Reactions
| Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate. |
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane
- Gene Name:
- sgcA
- Uniprot ID:
- P39363
- Molecular weight:
- 15638
Reactions
| Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine. |
- General function:
- Involved in sugar:hydrogen symporter activity
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane
- Gene Name:
- sgcB
- Uniprot ID:
- P58035
- Molecular weight:
- 9803
Reactions
| Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate. |
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in galactitol transport
- Gene Name:
- gatA
- Uniprot ID:
- P69828
- Molecular weight:
- 16907
Reactions
| Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine. |
- General function:
- Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane
- Gene Name:
- sgcC
- Uniprot ID:
- P39365
- Molecular weight:
- 46684
- General function:
- Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in galactitol transport
- Gene Name:
- gatC
- Uniprot ID:
- P69831
- Molecular weight:
- 48365
- General function:
- Involved in sugar:hydrogen symporter activity
- Specific function:
- General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr by enzyme I. Phospho-HPr then transfers it to the permease (enzymes II/III)
- Gene Name:
- ptsH
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AA04
- Molecular weight:
- 9119
Reactions
| Protein HPr N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIA = protein HPr + protein EIIA N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine. |
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
- Specific function:
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in galactitol transport
- Gene Name:
- gatC
- Uniprot ID:
- P69831
- Molecular weight:
- 48365
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Non-specific porin
- Gene Name:
- ompN
- Uniprot ID:
- P77747
- Molecular weight:
- 41220
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
- Gene Name:
- phoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P02932
- Molecular weight:
- 38922
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
- Gene Name:
- ompF
- Uniprot ID:
- P02931
- Molecular weight:
- 39333
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
- Gene Name:
- ompC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06996
- Molecular weight:
- 40368