Thioredoxin (ECMDB23749) (M2MDB004174)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical PropertiesBiological PropertiesSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesEnzymes (9)XML
Proteins (3241)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2015-06-04 15:12:54 -0600
Update Date2015-08-05 16:22:04 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB23749
Identification
Name:Thioredoxin
DescriptionProteins that act as antioxidants by facilitating the reduction of other proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms:
  • 2 Thiol L histidine betaine
  • 2-Thiol-L-histidine-betaine
  • Thioneine
Chemical Formula:C9H16N3O2S
Weight:Average: 230.31
Monoisotopic: 230.095774361
InChI Key:SSISHJJTAXXQAX-ZETCQYMHSA-O
InChI:InChI=1S/C9H15N3O2S/c1-12(2,3)7(8(13)14)4-6-5-10-9(15)11-6/h5,7H,4H2,1-3H3,(H2-,10,11,13,14,15)/p+1/t7-/m0/s1
CAS number:52500-60-4
IUPAC Name:[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(2-sulfanyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]trimethylazanium
Traditional IUPAC Name:[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(2-sulfanyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]trimethylazanium
SMILES:C[N+](C)(C)[C@@H](CC1=CNC(S)=N1)C(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. Histidine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentHistidine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Histidine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Aralkylamine
  • Imidazole-2-thione
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Quaternary ammonium salt
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tetraalkylammonium salt
  • Thiourea
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Azacycle
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic cation
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
State:Not Available
Charge:1
Melting point:Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.039 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.09ALOGPS
logP-4.3ChemAxon
logS-3.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.87ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)5.07ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area65.98 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity70.96 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability23.88 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Thioredoxin + NADP + Thioredoxin <> Thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + Hydrogen ion + Thioredoxin disulfide
Thioredoxin + Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Thioredoxin disulfide <> Thioredoxin disulfide + Sulfite + Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + Thioredoxin
2'-Deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Ribonucleoside diphosphate + Thioredoxin
Peptide-L-methionine + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + Thioredoxin
Peptide-L-methionine + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water + L-Methionine <> Peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + Thioredoxin + L-methionine (S)-S-oxide
2'-Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Ribonucleoside triphosphate + Thioredoxin
dADP + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Thioredoxin + ADP
Thioredoxin + Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Thioredoxin disulfide <> Sulfite + Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate
dATP + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Adenosine triphosphate + Thioredoxin
dGTP + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Guanosine triphosphate + Thioredoxin
Thioredoxin + NADP <> Thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + Hydrogen ion
Peptide-L-methionine + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + Thioredoxin
Peptide-L-methionine + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water + L-Methionine <> Peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + Thioredoxin + L-methionine (S)-S-oxide
dADP + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water <> Thioredoxin + ADP
Peptide-L-methionine + Thioredoxin disulfide + Water + L-Methionine <> Peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + Thioredoxin + L-methionine (S)-S-oxide
SMPDB Pathways:
Glutathione metabolismPW000833 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Pyrimidine metabolismPW000942 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Sulfur metabolismPW000922 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-001i-0390000000-814fea6fcc4cab4d98ffView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-001i-0970000000-c3a8f181cc2c984ea0e1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03xu-5900000000-df4a636fbb845cfeda99View in MoNA
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:Not Available
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID134344
HMDB IDNot Available
Pubchem Compound IDNot Available
Kegg IDC00342
ChemSpider IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDThioredoxin
BioCyc IDNot Available

Enzymes

Protein Details
1. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1 subunit alpha
General function:
Involved in oxidation-reduction process
Specific function:
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R1 contains the binding sites for both substrates and allosteric effectors and carries out the actual reduction of the ribonucleotide. It also provides redox- active cysteines
Gene Name:
nrdA
Uniprot ID:
P00452
Molecular weight:
85774
Reactions
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin.
Protein Details
2. Thioredoxin reductase
General function:
Involved in oxidation-reduction process
Specific function:
Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
Gene Name:
trxB
Uniprot ID:
P0A9P4
Molecular weight:
34623
Reactions
Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH.
Protein Details
3. Cysteine synthase A
General function:
Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
Specific function:
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate
Gene Name:
cysK
Uniprot ID:
P0ABK5
Molecular weight:
34489
Reactions
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate.
3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride.
Protein Details
4. Cysteine synthase B
General function:
Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
Specific function:
Two cysteine synthase enzymes are found. Both catalyze the same reaction. Cysteine synthase B can also use thiosulfate in place of sulfide to give cysteine thiosulfonate as a product
Gene Name:
cysM
Uniprot ID:
P16703
Molecular weight:
32664
Reactions
O(3)-acetyl-L-serine + H(2)S = L-cysteine + acetate.
Protein Details
5. Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase
General function:
Involved in phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
Specific function:
Reduction of activated sulfate into sulfite
Gene Name:
cysH
Uniprot ID:
P17854
Molecular weight:
27976
Reactions
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.
Protein Details
6. Anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin
Gene Name:
nrdD
Uniprot ID:
P28903
Molecular weight:
80022
Reactions
2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin.
Protein Details
7. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 subunit beta
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R2F contains the tyrosyl radical required for catalysis
Gene Name:
nrdF
Uniprot ID:
P37146
Molecular weight:
36443
Reactions
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin.
Protein Details
8. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 subunit alpha
General function:
Involved in oxidation-reduction process
Specific function:
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R1E contains the binding sites for both substrates and allosteric effectors and carries out the actual reduction of the ribonucleotide
Gene Name:
nrdE
Uniprot ID:
P39452
Molecular weight:
80478
Reactions
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin.
Protein Details
9. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1 subunit beta
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R2 contains the tyrosyl radical required for catalysis
Gene Name:
nrdB
Uniprot ID:
P69924
Molecular weight:
43517
Reactions
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H(2)O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin.