<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <creation_date>2012-08-03 14:57:54 -0600</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-09-13 15:15:32 -0600</update_date>
  <accession>ECMDB21397</accession>
  <m2m_id>M2MDB001792</m2m_id>
  <name>Citraconic acid</name>
  <description>Mesaconic acid is one of several isomeric carboxylic acids obtained from citric acid. Is used as a fire retardant, recent studies revealed this acid is a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(Z)-2-Methyl-2-butenedioate</synonym>
    <synonym>(Z)-2-Methyl-2-butenedioic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Citraconate</synonym>
    <synonym>Methylmaleate</synonym>
    <synonym>Methylmaleic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H6O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>130.0987</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>130.02660868</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2Z)-2-methylbut-2-enedioic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>citraconic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>498-23-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C\C(=C\C(O)=O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H6O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h2H,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/b3-2-</inchi>
  <inchikey>HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N</inchikey>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Cytoplasm</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.21</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.91</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>1.59e+01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>88-94 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>0.35</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>2.5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2Z)-2-methylbut-2-enedioic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>130.0987</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>130.02660868</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>C\C(=C\C(O)=O)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C5H6O4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C5H6O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h2H,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/b3-2-</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>74.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>28.96</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>11.17</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1065</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>8904</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29814</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31178</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31870</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37663</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>159272</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070803</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070805</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070806</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070808</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1070810</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1447</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20542</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20543</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20544</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20545</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20546</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20547</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20548</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20549</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20550</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20551</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20552</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20553</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20554</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20555</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20556</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20557</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20558</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20559</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20560</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20561</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>864</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>865</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>866</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4260</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4261</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4262</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4263</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4264</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4265</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>262518</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>262519</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>262520</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>282450</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>282451</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>282452</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437419</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437420</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437421</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437422</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437423</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439199</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473411</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473739</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473740</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1473741</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1027</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1392</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00634</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>874</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id>553689</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C02226</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id>17626</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia></wikipidia>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17379776</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Yurtsever D. (2007). Fatty acid methyl ester profiling of Enterococcus and Esherichia coli for microbial source tracking. M.sc. Thesis. Villanova University: U.S.A</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id/>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <synthesis_reference>Berg, Rudolph G.  Catalytic preparation of citraconic and itaconic acids. U.S.  (1972), 5 pp.  </synthesis_reference>
  <msds_url>http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/000/553/original/HMDB00634.pdf?1358462166</msds_url>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0A6A6</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>LEUC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>leuC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6A6.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>3-isopropylmalate dehydratase small subunit</name>
      <uniprot_id>P30126</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>LEUD_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>leuD</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P30126.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <transporters>
  </transporters>
  <reactions>
    <reaction_text>(R)-2-Methylmalate &lt;&gt; Citraconic acid + Water</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R03896</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Citraconic acid + Water &lt;&gt; D-Erythro-3-Methylmalate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R03898</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Citraconic acid + Water &gt; Citramalic acid</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id>PW_R003844</pw_reaction_id>
  </reactions>
  <concentrations>
    <growth_media>48 mM Na2HPO4, 22 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM NaCl, 45 mM (NH4)2SO4, supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mg/l thiamine·HCl, 5.6 mg/l CaCl2, 8 mg/l FeCl3, 1 mg/l MnCl2·4H2O, 1.7 mg/l ZnCl2, 0.43 mg/l CuCl2·2H2O, 0.6 mg/l CoCl2·2H2O and 0.6 mg/l Na2MoO4·2H2O.  4 g/L Gluco</growth_media>
    <growth_system>Bioreactor, pH controlled, O2 and CO2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h</growth_system>
    <concentration>19.6</concentration>
    <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
    <internal/>
    <error>0.0</error>
    <temperature>37 oC</temperature>
    <strain>BW25113</strain>
    <growth_status>Stationary Phase, glucose limited</growth_status>
    <molecules>78400</molecules>
    <molecules_error>0</molecules_error>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17379776</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </concentrations>
</compound>
