2.0 2012-07-30 14:54:39 -0600 2015-09-17 16:24:30 -0600 ECMDB21110 M2MDB001519 1,4-alpha-D-glucan Amylose is a linear polymer made up of D-glucose units.; Amylose is defined as a linear molecule of (1&#8594;4) linked alpha-D-glucopyranosyl units, but it is today well established that some molecules are slightly branched by (1&#8594;6)-alpha-linkages. ; The oldest criteria for linearity consisted in the susceptibility of the molecule to complete hydrolysis by beta-amylase. This enzyme splits the (1&#8594;4) bonds from the non-reducing end of a chain releasing beta-maltosyl units, but cannot cleave the (1&#8594;6) bonds. When degraded by pure beta-amylase, linear macromolecules are completely converted into maltose, whereas branched chains give also one beta-limit dextrin consisting of the remaining inner core polysaccharide structure with its outer chains recessed.; Starches of different botanical origins possess different granular sizes, morphology, polymorphism and enzyme digestibility. These characteristics are related to the chemical structures of the amylopectin and amylose and how they are arranged in the starch granule. (PMID 9730163); Fiber X-ray diffraction analysis coupled with computer-based structure refinement has found A-, B-, and C- polymorphs of amylose. Each form corresponds to either the A-, the B-, or the C- starch forms. A- and B- structures have different helical crystal structures and water contents, whereas the C- structure is a mixture of A- and B- unit cells, resulting in an intermediate packing density between the two forms.; This polysaccharide is one of the two components of starch, making up approximately 20-30% of the structure. The other component is amylopectin, which makes up 70-80% of the structure. (1,4-a-D-Glucosyl)N (1,4-a-D-Glucosyl)n+1 (1,4-a-D-Glucosyl)N-1 (1,4-a-delta-Glucosyl)N (1,4-a-delta-Glucosyl)n+1 (1,4-a-delta-Glucosyl)N-1 (1,4-a-δ-Glucosyl)N (1,4-a-δ-Glucosyl)n+1 (1,4-a-δ-Glucosyl)N-1 (1,4-alpha-D-Glucosyl)N (1,4-alpha-D-Glucosyl)N+1 (1,4-alpha-D-Glucosyl)N-1 (1,4-alpha-delta-Glucosyl)N (1,4-alpha-delta-Glucosyl)N+1 (1,4-alpha-delta-Glucosyl)N-1 (1,4-α-D-Glucosyl)N (1,4-α-D-Glucosyl)n+1 (1,4-α-D-Glucosyl)N-1 (1,4-α-δ-Glucosyl)N (1,4-α-δ-Glucosyl)n+1 (1,4-α-δ-Glucosyl)N-1 1,4-a-D-Glucan 1,4-a-delta-Glucan 1,4-a-δ-Glucan 1,4-alpha-D-Glucan 1,4-alpha-delta-Glucan 1,4-α-D-Glucan 1,4-α-δ-Glucan 4-{(1,4)-a-D-glucosyl}(N-1)-D-glucose 4-{(1,4)-a-delta-glucosyl}(N-1)-delta-glucose 4-{(1,4)-a-δ-glucosyl}(N-1)-δ-glucose 4-{(1,4)-alpha-D-Glucosyl}(N-1)-D-glucose 4-{(1,4)-alpha-delta-Glucosyl}(N-1)-delta-glucose 4-{(1,4)-α-D-glucosyl}(N-1)-D-glucose 4-{(1,4)-α-δ-glucosyl}(N-1)-δ-glucose Amylose Amylose chain Maltodextrin (NF) (C12H20O11)nC2H6 9005-82-7 InChI=1S/C14H26O11/c1-21-11-5(3-15)24-14(10(20)7(11)17)25-12-6(4-16)23-13(22-2)9(19)8(12)18/h5-20H,3-4H2,1-2H3/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12-,13+,14-/m1/s1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-OLYDTGNASA-N Solid Cytosol Extra-organism Periplasm logp -2.41 ALOGPS logs -0.04 ALOGPS solubility 3.39e+02 g/l ALOGPS formula (C12H20O11)nC2H6 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C14H26O11/c1-21-11-5(3-15)24-14(10(20)7(11)17)25-12-6(4-16)23-13(22-2)9(19)8(12)18/h5-20H,3-4H2,1-2H3/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12-,13+,14-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-OLYDTGNASA-N ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::CMs 72540 Specdb::EiMs 1995 Specdb::NmrOneD 1961 Specdb::NmrOneD 21622 Specdb::NmrOneD 21623 Specdb::NmrOneD 21624 Specdb::NmrOneD 21625 Specdb::NmrOneD 21626 Specdb::NmrOneD 21627 Specdb::NmrOneD 21628 Specdb::NmrOneD 21629 Specdb::NmrOneD 21630 Specdb::NmrOneD 21631 Specdb::NmrOneD 21632 Specdb::NmrOneD 21633 Specdb::NmrOneD 21634 Specdb::NmrOneD 21635 Specdb::NmrOneD 21636 Specdb::NmrOneD 21637 Specdb::NmrOneD 21638 Specdb::NmrOneD 21639 Specdb::NmrOneD 21640 Specdb::NmrOneD 21641 Specdb::MsMs 2280 Specdb::MsMs 2281 Specdb::MsMs 2282 Specdb::MsMs 1218415 Specdb::MsMs 1218416 Specdb::MsMs 1218417 Specdb::MsMs 2781547 Specdb::MsMs 2781548 Specdb::MsMs 2781549 Specdb::MsMs 2926936 Specdb::MsMs 2926937 Specdb::MsMs 2926938 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1895 HMDB03403 C00718 15444 Buleon, A., Colonna, P., Planchot, V., Ball, S. (1998). "Starch granules: structure and biosynthesis." Int J Biol Macromol 23:85-112. 9730163 Topping DL, Gooden JM, Brown IL, Biebrick DA, McGrath L, Trimble RP, Choct M, Illman RJ: A high amylose (amylomaize) starch raises proximal large bowel starch and increases colon length in pigs. J Nutr. 1997 Apr;127(4):615-22. 9109613 Klein B, Foreman JA: Amylolysis of a chromogenic substrate, Cibachron Blue F3GA-amylose: kinetics and mechanism. Clin Chem. 1980 Feb;26(2):250-3. 6153298 Langkilde AM, Ekwall H, Bjorck I, Asp NG, Andersson H: Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Nov;52(11):790-5. 9846590 Traub WH: Studies on neutralization of human serum bactericidal activity by sodium amylosulfate. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Aug;6(2):128-31. 330560 Breitinger, Hans-Georg. Synthesis and characterization of 2,3-di-O-alkylated amyloses: Hydrophobic substitution destabilizes helical conformation. Biopolymers (2003), 69(3), 301-310. http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/002/984/original/HMDB03403.pdf?1358893427 Maltodextrin phosphorylase P00490 PHSM_ECOLI malP http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00490.xml 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme P07762 GLGB_ECOLI glgB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P07762.xml Glycogen synthase P0A6U8 GLGA_ECOLI glgA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6U8.xml Glycogen phosphorylase P0AC86 PHSG_ECOLI glgP http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AC86.xml 4-alpha-glucanotransferase P15977 MALQ_ECOLI malQ http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P15977.xml Alpha-amylase P25718 AMY1_ECOLI malS http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P25718.xml Cytoplasmic alpha-amylase P26612 AMY2_ECOLI amyA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P26612.xml Maltose/maltodextrin import ATP-binding protein MalK P68187 MALK_ECOLI malK http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P68187.xml Maltose transport system permease protein malF P02916 MALF_ECOLI malF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02916.xml Maltose transport system permease protein malG P68183 MALG_ECOLI malG http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P68183.xml Maltose-binding periplasmic protein P0AEX9 MALE_ECOLI malE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AEX9.xml Maltose/maltodextrin import ATP-binding protein MalK P68187 MALK_ECOLI malK http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P68187.xml Maltose transport system permease protein malF P02916 MALF_ECOLI malF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02916.xml Maltose transport system permease protein malG P68183 MALG_ECOLI malG http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P68183.xml Maltose-binding periplasmic protein P0AEX9 MALE_ECOLI malE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AEX9.xml Maltoporin P02943 LAMB_ECOLI lamB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02943.xml Adenosine triphosphate + Water + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan > 1,4-alpha-D-glucan + ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate + Water + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan > 1,4-alpha-D-glucan + ADP + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate 1,4-alpha-D-glucan > Maltohexaose 1,4-alpha-D-glucan <> Starch R02110 Starch + Phosphate <> 1,4-alpha-D-glucan + Glucose 1-phosphate R02111 ADP-Glucose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan <> ADP + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan R02421 ADP-Glucose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan <> ADP + 1,4-alpha-D-glucan R02421 1,4-alpha-D-glucan + D-Glucose <> D-Maltose R05196 Starch + Phosphate <> 1,4-alpha-D-glucan + Glucose 1-phosphate 1,4-alpha-D-glucan <> Starch Starch + Phosphate <> 1,4-alpha-D-glucan + Glucose 1-phosphate 1,4-alpha-D-glucan <> Starch