2.0 2012-05-31 14:50:53 -0600 2015-10-02 02:25:52 -0600 ECMDB20564 M2MDB001368 Heme D Heme D is a member of the chemical class known as tetrapyrroles and Derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. (inferred from compound structure). A heme (American English) or haem (British English) is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin. Heme D is a derivative of heme B, but in which the propionic acid side chain at the carbon of position 6, which is also hydroxylated, forms a γ-spirolactone. Ring III is also hydroxylated at position 5, in a conformation trans to the new lactone group. Heme D is the site for oxygen reduction to water of many types of bacteria at low oxygen tension. In E coli, heme D is formed from protoheme in the interior of the catalase hydroperoxidase II (HPII) molecule through a self-catalyzed reaction. [PMID: 8621527] C34H34N4O10 658.6546 658.227493328 3-[20-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,15-bis(carboxymethyl)-5,10,15,19-tetramethyl-9,14-dioxo-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1(20),2,4,6,8(23),11,13(22),16,18-nonaen-4-yl]propanoic acid 3-[20-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,15-bis(carboxymethyl)-5,10,15,19-tetramethyl-9,14-dioxo-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1(20),2,4,6,8(23),11,13(22),16,18-nonaen-4-yl]propanoic acid 60318-31-2 CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)/C2=C/C3=C(CCC(O)=O)C(C)=C(N3)\C=C3/N=C(/C=C4\N=C(\C=C\1/N\2)C(=O)C4(C)CC(O)=O)C(=O)C3(C)CC(O)=O InChI=1S/C34H34N4O10/c1-15-17(5-7-27(39)40)21-10-22-18(6-8-28(41)42)16(2)20(36-22)11-25-33(3,13-29(43)44)32(48)24(38-25)12-26-34(4,14-30(45)46)31(47)23(37-26)9-19(15)35-21/h9-12,35-36H,5-8,13-14H2,1-4H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)/b19-9-,20-11-,21-10-,22-10-,23-9-,24-12-,25-11-,26-12- ZAKGXCNMJBQQNZ-CXJCYTKDSA-N Inner membrane Membrane Outer membrane logp 2.25 ALOGPS logs -4.76 ALOGPS solubility 1.13e-02 g/l ALOGPS logp 4.44 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 3.25 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 1.82 ChemAxon iupac 3-[20-(2-carboxyethyl)-10,15-bis(carboxymethyl)-5,10,15,19-tetramethyl-9,14-dioxo-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1(20),2,4,6,8(23),11,13(22),16,18-nonaen-4-yl]propanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 658.6546 ChemAxon mono_mass 658.227493328 ChemAxon smiles CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)/C2=C/C3=C(CCC(O)=O)C(C)=C(N3)\C=C3/N=C(/C=C4\N=C(\C=C\1/N\2)C(=O)C4(C)CC(O)=O)C(=O)C3(C)CC(O)=O ChemAxon formula C34H34N4O10 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C34H34N4O10/c1-15-17(5-7-27(39)40)21-10-22-18(6-8-28(41)42)16(2)20(36-22)11-25-33(3,13-29(43)44)32(48)24(38-25)12-26-34(4,14-30(45)46)31(47)23(37-26)9-19(15)35-21/h9-12,35-36H,5-8,13-14H2,1-4H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,43,44)(H,45,46)/b19-9-,20-11-,21-10-,22-10-,23-9-,24-12-,25-11-,26-12- ChemAxon inchikey ZAKGXCNMJBQQNZ-CXJCYTKDSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 240.7 ChemAxon refractivity 167.65 ChemAxon polarizability 68.88 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 10 ChemAxon acceptor_count 12 ChemAxon donor_count 6 ChemAxon physiological_charge -4 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Oxidative phosphorylation The process of oxidative phosphorylation involves multiple interactions of ubiquinone with succinic acid, resulting in a fumaric acid and ubiquinol. Ubiquinone interacts with succinic acid through a succinate:quinone oxidoreductase resulting in a fumaric acid an ubiquinol. This enzyme has various cofactors, ferroheme b, 2FE-2S, FAD, and 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster. Then 2 ubiquinol interact with oxygen and 4 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bd-I terminal oxidase resulting in a 4 hydrogen ion transferred into the periplasmic space, 2 water returned into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinone, which stay in the inner membrane. The ubiquinone interacts with succinic acid through a succinate:quinone oxidoreductase resulting in a fumaric acid an ubiquinol. Then 2 ubiquinol interacts with oxygen and 4 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bd-II terminal oxidase resulting in a 4 hydrogen ion transferred into the periplasmic space, 2 water returned into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinone, which stay in the inner membrane. The ubiquinone interacts with succinic acid through a succinate:quinone oxidoreductase resulting in a fumaric acid an ubiquinol. The 2 ubiquinol interact with oxygen and 8 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bo terminal oxidase resulting in a 8 hydrogen ion transferred into the periplasmic space, 2 water returned into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinone, which stays in the inner membrane. The ubiquinone then interacts with 5 hydrogen ion through a NADH dependent ubiquinone oxidoreductase I resulting in NAD, hydrogen ion released into the periplasmic space and an ubiquinol. The ubiquinol is then processed reacting with oxygen, and 4 hydrogen through a ion cytochrome bd-I terminal oxidase resulting in 4 hydrogen ions released into the periplasmic space, 2 water molecules into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinones. The ubiquinone then interacts with 5 hydrogen ion through a NADH dependent ubiquinone oxidoreductase I resulting in NAD, hydrogen ion released into the periplasmic space and an ubiquinol. The 2 ubiquinol interact with oxygen and 8 hydrogen ion through a cytochrome bo terminal oxidase resulting in a 8 hydrogen ion transferred into the periplasmic space, 2 water returned into the cytoplasm and 2 ubiquinone, which stays in the inner membrane. PW000919 ec00190 Metabolic Porphyrin metabolism The metabolism of porphyrin begins with with glutamic acid being processed by an ATP-driven glutamyl-tRNA synthetase by interacting with hydrogen ion and tRNA(Glu), resulting in amo, pyrophosphate and L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) Glutamic acid. Glutamic acid can be obtained as a result of L-glutamate metabolism pathway, glutamate / aspartate : H+ symporter GltP, glutamate:sodium symporter or a glutamate / aspartate ABC transporter . L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) Glutamic acid interacts with a NADPH glutamyl-tRNA reductase resulting in a NADP, a tRNA(Glu) and a (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate. This compound interacts with a glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase resulting a 5-aminolevulinic acid. This compound interacts with a porphobilinogen synthase resulting in a hydrogen ion, water and porphobilinogen. The latter compound interacts with water resulting in hydroxymethylbilane synthase resulting in ammonium, and hydroxymethylbilane. Hydroxymethylbilane can either be dehydrated to produce uroporphyrinogen I or interact with a uroporphyrinogen III synthase resulting in a water molecule and a uroporphyrinogen III. Uroporphyrinogen I interacts with hydrogen ion through a uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase resulting in a carbon dioxide and a coproporphyrinogen I Uroporphyrinogen III can be metabolized into precorrin by interacting with a S-adenosylmethionine through a siroheme synthase resulting in hydrogen ion, an s-adenosylhomocysteine and a precorrin-1. On the other hand, Uroporphyrinogen III interacts with hydrogen ion through a uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Coproporphyrinogen III. Precorrin-1 reacts with a S-adenosylmethionine through a siroheme synthase resulting in a S-adenosylhomocysteine and a Precorrin-2. The latter compound is processed by a NAD dependent uroporphyrin III C-methyltransferase [multifunctional] resulting in a NADH and a sirohydrochlorin. This compound then interacts with Fe 2+ uroporphyrin III C-methyltransferase [multifunctional] resulting in a hydrogen ion and a siroheme. The siroheme is then processed in sulfur metabolism pathway. Uroporphyrinogen III can be processed in anaerobic or aerobic condition. Anaerobic: Uroporphyrinogen III interacts with an oxygen molecule, a hydrogen ion through a coproporphyrinogen III oxidase resulting in water, carbon dioxide and protoporphyrinogen IX. The latter compound then interacts with an 3 oxygen molecule through a protoporphyrinogen oxidase resulting in 3 hydrogen peroxide and a Protoporphyrin IX Aerobic: Uroporphyrinogen III reacts with S-adenosylmethionine through a coproporphyrinogen III dehydrogenase resulting in carbon dioxide, 5-deoxyadenosine, L-methionine and protoporphyrinogen IX. The latter compound interacts with a meanquinone through a protoporphyrinogen oxidase resulting in protoporphyrin IX. The protoporphyrin IX interacts with Fe 2+ through a ferrochelatase resulting in a hydrogen ion and a ferroheme b. The ferroheme b can either be incorporated into the oxidative phosphorylation as a cofactor of the enzymes involved in that pathway or it can interact with hydrogen peroxide through a catalase HPII resulting in a heme D. Heme D can then be incorporated into the oxidative phosphyrlation pathway as a cofactor of the enzymes involved in that pathway. Ferroheme b can also interact with water and a farnesyl pyrophosphate through a heme O synthase resulting in a release of pyrophosphate and heme O. Heme O is then incorporated into the Oxidative phosphorylation pathway. PW000936 Metabolic pyruvate to cytochrome bd terminal oxidase electron transfer The reaction of pyruvate to cytochrome bd terminal oxidase electron transfer starts with 2 pyruvate and 2 water molecules reacting in a pyruvate oxidase resulting in the release of 4 electrons into the inner membrane, and releasing 2 carbon dioxide molecules , 2 acetate and 4 hydrogen ion into the cytosol. 2 ubiquinone,4 hydrogen ion and 4 electron ion react resulting in the release of 2 ubiquinol . The 2 ubiquinol in turn release 4 hydrogen ions into the periplasmic space through a cytochrome bd-I terminal oxidase and releasing 4 electrons through the enzyme. Oxygen and 4 hydrogen ion reacts with the 4 electrons resulting in 2 water molecules. PW002087 Metabolic Specdb::CMs 1084707 Specdb::NmrOneD 246468 Specdb::NmrOneD 246469 Specdb::NmrOneD 246470 Specdb::NmrOneD 246471 Specdb::NmrOneD 246472 Specdb::NmrOneD 246473 Specdb::NmrOneD 246474 Specdb::NmrOneD 246475 Specdb::NmrOneD 246476 Specdb::NmrOneD 246477 Specdb::NmrOneD 246478 Specdb::NmrOneD 246479 Specdb::NmrOneD 246480 Specdb::NmrOneD 246481 Specdb::NmrOneD 246482 Specdb::NmrOneD 246483 Specdb::NmrOneD 246484 Specdb::NmrOneD 246485 Specdb::NmrOneD 246486 Specdb::NmrOneD 246487 Specdb::MsMs 25574 Specdb::MsMs 25575 Specdb::MsMs 25576 Specdb::MsMs 32132 Specdb::MsMs 32133 Specdb::MsMs 32134 3582 HEME_D Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. 21097882 van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. 17765195 Murshudov, G. N., Grebenko, A. I., Barynin, V., Dauter, Z., Wilson, K. S., Vainshtein, B. K., Melik-Adamyan, W., Bravo, J., Ferran, J. M., Ferrer, J. C., Switala, J., Loewen, P. C., Fita, I. (1996). "Structure of the heme d of Penicillium vitale and Escherichia coli catalases." J Biol Chem 271:8863-8868. 8621527 Catalase HPII P21179 CATE_ECOLI katE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P21179.xml Heme + Hydrogen peroxide Heme D RXN-8073 ferroheme b + Hydrogen peroxide > Heme D PW_R003488