2.02012-05-31 14:29:33 -06002015-06-03 17:19:23 -0600ECMDB20139M2MDB000987D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-GlucoseD-gal alpha 1->6d-gal alpha 1->6d-glucose belongs to the class of Fatty Acyl Glycosides. These are compounds containing fatty acid chain linked to a carbohydrate moiety through an ester bond. (inferred from compound structure)α-D-Galp-(1->6)-α-D-Galp-(1->6)-D-Glc6-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-6-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranoseD-Gal a 1->6d-gal a 1->6d-glucoseD-Gal α 1->6d-gal α 1->6d-glucoseD-Gal-α(1->6)-D-Gal-α(1->6)-D-glucoseD-Gal-a1->6d-gal-a1->6d-glucoseD-Gal-alpha1->6D-Gal-alpha1->6D-GlucoseD-Gal-α1->6d-gal-α1->6d-glucoseManninotrioseC18H32O16504.4371504.169034976(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis({[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})hexanal(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis({[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})hexanal13382-86-0[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O)[C@@]([H])(O[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O)C=OInChI=1S/C18H32O16/c19-1-5(23)9(24)16(34-18-15(30)13(28)11(26)7(3-21)32-18)8(4-22)33-17-14(29)12(27)10(25)6(2-20)31-17/h4-21,23-30H,1-3H2/t5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11+,12+,13+,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-/m1/s1OXEVOBRQLSFMMV-UJCVHXCLSA-NCytoplasmPeriplasmlogp-2.82ALOGPSlogs-0.21ALOGPSsolubility3.11e+02 g/lALOGPSlogp-7.1ChemAxonpka_strongest_acidic11.66ChemAxonpka_strongest_basic-3.6ChemAxoniupac(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis({[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy})hexanalChemAxonaverage_mass504.4371ChemAxonmono_mass504.169034976ChemAxonsmiles[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O)[C@@]([H])(O[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O)C=OChemAxonformulaC18H32O16ChemAxoninchiInChI=1S/C18H32O16/c19-1-5(23)9(24)16(34-18-15(30)13(28)11(26)7(3-21)32-18)8(4-22)33-17-14(29)12(27)10(25)6(2-20)31-17/h4-21,23-30H,1-3H2/t5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11+,12+,13+,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-/m1/s1ChemAxoninchikeyOXEVOBRQLSFMMV-UJCVHXCLSA-NChemAxonpolar_surface_area276.52ChemAxonrefractivity102.17ChemAxonpolarizability45.88ChemAxonrotatable_bond_count11ChemAxonacceptor_count16ChemAxondonor_count11ChemAxonphysiological_charge0ChemAxonformal_charge0ChemAxonGalactose metabolismGalactose can be synthesized through two pathways: melibiose degradation involving an alpha galactosidase and lactose degradation involving a beta galactosidase. Melibiose is first transported inside the cell through the melibiose:Li+/Na+/H+ symporter. Once inside the cell, melibiose is degraded through alpha galactosidase into an alpha-D-galactose and a beta-D-glucose. The beta-D-glucose is phosphorylated by a glucokinase to produce a beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate which can spontaneously be turned into a alpha D glucose 6 phosphate. This alpha D-glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized into a glucose -1-phosphate through a phosphoglucomutase-1. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase.
Galactose can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose.
Beta-D-galactose can also be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter.
Galactose is degraded through the following process:
Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell
PW000821ec00052MetabolicSpecdb::CMs1083324Specdb::NmrOneD340608Specdb::NmrOneD340609Specdb::NmrOneD340610Specdb::NmrOneD340611Specdb::NmrOneD340612Specdb::NmrOneD340613Specdb::NmrOneD340614Specdb::NmrOneD340615Specdb::NmrOneD340616Specdb::NmrOneD340617Specdb::NmrOneD340618Specdb::NmrOneD340619Specdb::NmrOneD340620Specdb::NmrOneD340621Specdb::NmrOneD340622Specdb::NmrOneD340623Specdb::NmrOneD340624Specdb::NmrOneD340625Specdb::NmrOneD340626Specdb::NmrOneD340627Specdb::MsMs26516Specdb::MsMs26517Specdb::MsMs26518Specdb::MsMs33074Specdb::MsMs33075Specdb::MsMs330764406602339523C0540431005CPD-8249Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.22080510Alpha-galactosidaseP06720AGAL_ECOLImelAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06720.xmlD-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Glucose + Water <> D-Galactose + MelibioseR05549