2.0 2012-05-31 13:59:35 -0600 2015-09-13 12:56:13 -0600 ECMDB03538 M2MDB000510 Carbonic acid Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) is the only inorganic carbon acid, and has the formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water, which contain small amounts of H2CO3. The salts of carbonic acids are called bicarbonates (or hydrogencarbonates) and carbonates. (wikipedia) Acid of air Aerial acid Bisodium carbonate Bisodium carbonic acid Calcined Carbonate Carbonate sodium salt Carbonic acid sodium salt Consal Crystol carbonate Crystol carbonic acid Dihydrogen carbonate Dihydrogen carbonic acid Disodium carbonate Disodium carbonic acid H2CO3 H<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> Mild alkali Na-X Oxyper Sal soda Salt of soda Scotch soda Soda Soda ash Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate anhydrous Sodium carbonate hydrated Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate Sodium carbonic acid Sodium carbonic acid anhydrous Sodium carbonic acid hydrated Sodium carbonic acid peroxyhydrate Sodium carbonic acid peroxyhydric acid Solvay soda Trona soda ash Tronalight light soda ash CH2O3 62.0248 62.00039393 carbonic acid carbonic acid 463-79-6 OC(O)=O InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4) BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Solid Outer membrane Inner membrane logp 0.60 ALOGPS logs 0.57 ALOGPS solubility 2.31e+02 g/l ALOGPS logp 0.25 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 6.05 ChemAxon iupac carbonic acid ChemAxon average_mass 62.0248 ChemAxon mono_mass 62.00039393 ChemAxon smiles OC(O)=O ChemAxon formula CH2O3 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4) ChemAxon inchikey BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 57.53 ChemAxon refractivity 9.5 ChemAxon polarizability 4.23 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 0 ChemAxon acceptor_count 3 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Nitrogen metabolism The biological process of the nitrogen cycle is a complex interplay among many microorganisms catalyzing different reactions, where nitrogen is found in various oxidation states ranging from +5 in nitrate to -3 in ammonia. The ability of fixing atmospheric nitrogen by the nitrogenase enzyme complex is present in restricted prokaryotes (diazotrophs). The other reduction pathways are assimilatory nitrate reduction and dissimilatory nitrate reduction both for conversion to ammonia, and denitrification. Denitrification is a respiration in which nitrate or nitrite is reduced as a terminal electron acceptor under low oxygen or anoxic conditions, producing gaseous nitrogen compounds (N2, NO and N2O) to the atmosphere. Nitrate can be introduced into the cytoplasm through a nitrate:nitrite antiporter NarK or a nitrate / nitrite transporter NarU. Nitrate is then reduced by a Nitrate Reductase resulting in the release of water, an acceptor and a Nitrite. Nitrite can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through a nitrate:nitrite antiporter NarK Nitrite can be reduced a NADPH dependent nitrite reductase resulting in water and NAD and Ammonia. Nitrite can interact with hydrogen ion, ferrocytochrome c through a cytochrome c-552 ferricytochrome resulting in the release of ferricytochrome c, water and ammonia Another process by which ammonia is produced is by a reversible reaction of hydroxylamine with a reduced acceptor through a hydroxylamine reductase resulting in an acceptor, water and ammonia. Water and carbon dioxide react through a carbonate dehydratase resulting in carbamic acid. This compound reacts spontaneously with hydrogen ion resulting in the release of carbon dioxide and ammonia. Carbon dioxide can interact with water through a carbonic anhydrase resulting in hydrogen carbonate. This compound interacts with cyanate and hydrogen ion through a cyanate hydratase resulting in a carbamic acid. Ammonia can be metabolized by reacting with L-glutamine and ATP driven glutamine synthetase resulting in ADP, phosphate and L-glutamine. The latter compound reacts with oxoglutaric acid and hydrogen ion through a NADPH dependent glutamate synthase resulting in the release of NADP and L-glutamic acid. L-glutamic acid reacts with water through a NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of oxoglutaric acid, NADPH, hydrogen ion and ammonia. PW000755 ec00910 Metabolic Specdb::CMs 2934 Specdb::CMs 38623 Specdb::CMs 150884 Specdb::CMs 1069431 Specdb::CMs 1069433 Specdb::CMs 1069434 Specdb::NmrOneD 268988 Specdb::NmrOneD 268989 Specdb::NmrOneD 268990 Specdb::NmrOneD 268991 Specdb::NmrOneD 268992 Specdb::NmrOneD 268993 Specdb::NmrOneD 268994 Specdb::NmrOneD 268995 Specdb::NmrOneD 268996 Specdb::NmrOneD 268997 Specdb::MsMs 23771 Specdb::MsMs 23772 Specdb::MsMs 23773 Specdb::MsMs 30569 Specdb::MsMs 30570 Specdb::MsMs 30571 Specdb::MsMs 2279483 Specdb::MsMs 2279484 Specdb::MsMs 2279485 Specdb::MsMs 3088909 Specdb::MsMs 3088910 Specdb::MsMs 3088911 HMDB03538 767 747 C01353 28976 H2CO3 CO3 Carbonic acid Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). 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Ekotekhnologii i Resursosberezhenie (2005), (3), 41-48. http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/003/119/original/HMDB03538.pdf?1358461335 Cyanate hydratase P00816 CYNS_ECOLI cynS http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00816.xml Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase P00864 CAPP_ECOLI ppc http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00864.xml Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase large chain P00968 CARB_ECOLI carB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00968.xml Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ATPase subunit P09029 PURK_ECOLI purK http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P09029.xml Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase small chain P0A6F1 CARA_ECOLI carA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6F1.xml Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit beta P0A9Q5 ACCD_ECOLI accD http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A9Q5.xml Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha P0ABD5 ACCA_ECOLI accA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0ABD5.xml Carbonic anhydrase 1 P0ABE9 CYNT_ECOLI cynT http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0ABE9.xml Biotin carboxylase P24182 ACCC_ECOLI accC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P24182.xml Carbonic anhydrase 2 P61517 CAN_ECOLI can http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P61517.xml Carbonic acid <> Carbon dioxide + Water R00132 Adenosine triphosphate + Acetyl-CoA + Carbonic acid > ADP + Inorganic phosphate + Malonyl-CoA Carbonic acid > Carbon dioxide + Water Inorganic phosphate + Oxalacetic acid > Water + Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Carbonic acid 2 Adenosine triphosphate + L-Glutamine + Carbonic acid + Water >2 ADP + Inorganic phosphate + L-Glutamate + Carbamoylphosphate Cyanate + Carbonic acid + 2 Hydrogen ion > Ammonia +2 Carbon dioxide Adenosine triphosphate + 5-Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + Carbonic acid > ADP + Inorganic phosphate + 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole Carbonic acid <> Carbon dioxide + Water