<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <creation_date>2012-05-31 13:56:40 -0600</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-09-13 12:56:12 -0600</update_date>
  <accession>ECMDB02329</accession>
  <m2m_id>M2MDB000458</m2m_id>
  <name>Oxalic acid</name>
  <description>Oxalic acid is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2O4. This dicarboxylic acid is better described with the formula HOOCCOOH. It is a relatively strong organic acid, being about 3,000 times as strong as acetic acid. The di-anion, known as oxalate, is also a reducing agent as well as a ligand in coordination chemistry. Many metal ions form insoluble precipitates with oxalate, a prominent example being calcium oxalate. (Wikipedia)</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Ammonium oxalate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ammonium oxalic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethane-1,2-dioate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethane-1,2-dioic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedioate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedioate dihydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedioic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedioic acid dihydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedioic acid dihydric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedionate</synonym>
    <synonym>Ethanedionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Kyselina stavelova</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxaalzuur</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalate</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalate 2-Hydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalate anhydrous</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalate diammonium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalate dihydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid 2-Hydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid 2-Hydric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid anhydrous</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid diammonium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid dihydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Oxalic acid dihydric acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C2H2O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>90.0349</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>89.995308552</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>oxalic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>oxalic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>144-62-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C2H2O4/c3-1(4)2(5)6/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6)</inchi>
  <inchikey>MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Cytosol</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.51</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.14</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>6.57e+01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>189.5 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-0.26</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>1.36</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>oxalic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>90.0349</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>89.995308552</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OC(=O)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C2H2O4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C2H2O4/c3-1(4)2(5)6/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>74.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>14.44</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>6.23</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00630</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Microbial metabolism in diverse environments</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec01120</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00625</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>816</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>817</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>818</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>922</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>16735</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27637</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30395</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30659</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30758</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31407</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32326</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>175322</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1271</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312091</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312092</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312093</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312094</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312095</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312096</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312097</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312098</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312099</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>312100</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2061</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2062</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2063</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5769</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>8279</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>8280</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>8281</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>14951</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>14952</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>14953</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2706749</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2706750</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2706751</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2998166</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2998167</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2998168</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB02329</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>971</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id>946</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C00209</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id>16995</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id>OXALATE</biocyc_id>
  <het_id>OXL</het_id>
  <wikipidia>Oxalic acid</wikipidia>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>21097882</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22080510</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17765195</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18331064</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Florian F, Puzzer D, Boniotto M, Crovella S, Zezlina S, Spano A, Mazzola G, Savoldi S, Ferrettini C, Berutti S, Petrarulo M, Marangella M: AGXT gene mutations and their influence on clinical heterogeneity of type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Oct;12(10):2072-9.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>11562405</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Pirulli D, Marangella M, Amoroso A: Primary hyperoxaluria: genotype-phenotype correlation.  J Nephrol. 2003 Mar-Apr;16(2):297-309.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12768081</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>de O G Mendonca C, Martini LA, Baxmann AC, Nishiura JL, Cuppari L, Sigulem DM, Heilberg IP: Effects of an oxalate load on urinary oxalate excretion in calcium stone formers. J Ren Nutr. 2003 Jan;13(1):39-46.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12563622</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Singh S, Tai C, Ganz G, Yeung CK, Magil A, Rosenberg F, Applegarth D, Levin A: Steroid-responsive pleuropericarditis and livedo reticularis in an unusual case of adult-onset primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 Apr;33(4):e5.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>10196036</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Astarcioglu I, Karademir S, Gulay H, Bora S, Astarcioglu H, Kavukcu S, Turkmen M, Soylu A: Primary hyperoxaluria: simultaneous combined liver and kidney transplantation from a living related donor. Liver Transpl. 2003 Apr;9(4):433-6.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12682898</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Selvam R, Kalaiselvi P: A novel basic protein from human kidney which inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth. BJU Int. 2000 Jul;86(1):7-13.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>10886075</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kwak C, Jeong BC, Kim HK, Kim EC, Chox MS, Kim HH: Molecular epidemiology of fecal Oxalobacter formigenes in healthy adults living in Seoul, Korea. J Endourol. 2003 May;17(4):239-43.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12816588</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Vicanova J, Boelsma E, Mommaas AM, Kempenaar JA, Forslind B, Pallon J, Egelrud T, Koerten HK, Ponec M: Normalization of epidermal calcium distribution profile in reconstructed human epidermis is related to improvement of terminal differentiation and stratum corneum barrier formation. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Jul;111(1):97-106.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9665394</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Mydlik M, Derzsiova K, Pribylincova V, Reznicek J: [Urinary oxalic acid excretion in chronic kidney failure and after kidney transplantation] Vnitr Lek. 1996 Dec;42(12):813-7.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9072879</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Mizusawa Y, Parnham AP, Falk MC, Burke JR, Nicol D, Yamanaka J, Lynch SV, Strong RW: Potential for bilateral nephrectomy to reduce oxalate release after combined liver and kidney transplantation for primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Clin Transplant. 1997 Oct;11(5 Pt 1):361-5.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9361924</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Pecorella I, McCartney AC, Lucas S, Michaels L, Ciardi A, Di Tondo U, Garner A: Histological study of oxalosis in the eye and adnexa of AIDS patients.  Histopathology. 1995 Nov;27(5):431-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>8575733</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Huang MY, Chaturvedi LS, Koul S, Koul HK: Oxalate stimulates IL-6 production in HK-2 cells, a line of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int. 2005 Aug;68(2):497-503.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16014026</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Shapiro R, Weismann I, Mandel H, Eisenstein B, Ben-Ari Z, Bar-Nathan N, Zehavi I, Dinari G, Mor E: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: improved outcome with timely liver transplantation: a single-center report of 36 children. Transplantation. 2001 Aug 15;72(3):428-32.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>11502971</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Motoyoshil Y, Hattori M, Chikamoto H, Nakakura H, Furue T, Miyakawa S, Kohno M, Ito K, Kai K, Nakajima I, Fuchinoue S, Teraoka S, Akiba T, Kitayama H, Wada N, Ogawa Y: [Sequential combined liver-kidney transplantation for a one-year-old boy with infantile primary hyperoxaluria type 1] Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi. 2006;48(1):22-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16480063</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>de Water R, Noordermeer C, van der Kwast TH, Nizze H, Boeve ER, Kok DJ, Schroder FH: Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: effect of renal crystal deposition on the cellular composition of the renal interstitium. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 Apr;33(4):761-71.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>10196021</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>van Woerden CS, Groothof JW, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR, Wijburg FR: [From gene to disease; primary hyperoxaluria type I caused by mutations in the AGXT gene] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006 Jul 29;150(30):1669-72.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16922352</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Robertson WG: Renal stones in the tropics.  Semin Nephrol. 2003 Jan;23(1):77-87.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12563603</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Nakagawa Y, Abram V, Parks JH, Lau HS, Kawooya JK, Coe FL: Urine glycoprotein crystal growth inhibitors. Evidence for a molecular abnormality in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Clin Invest. 1985 Oct;76(4):1455-62.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>4056037</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Massey LK, Palmer RG, Horner HT: Oxalate content of soybean seeds (Glycine max: Leguminosae), soyfoods, and other edible legumes. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Sep;49(9):4262-6.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>11559120</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Petrarulo M, Vitale C, Facchini P, Marangella M: Biochemical approach to diagnosis and differentiation of primary hyperoxalurias: an update. J Nephrol. 1998 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 1:23-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9604805</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <msds_url>http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/912/original/HMDB02329.pdf?1358462206</msds_url>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Formyl-coenzyme A transferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P69902</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>FCTA_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>frc</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69902.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <transporters>
  </transporters>
  <reactions>
    <reaction_text>Formyl-CoA + Oxalic acid &lt;&gt; Formic acid + Oxalyl-CoA</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>RXN0-1382</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>dehydroascorbate (bicyclic form) + Hydrogen peroxide &gt; L-threonate + Oxalic acid + Hydrogen ion</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>RXN-12863</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Formyl-CoA + Oxalic acid  Formic acid + Oxalyl-CoA</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>RXN0-1382</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Formyl-CoA + Oxalic acid &gt; Formic acid + Oxalyl-CoA</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Acetyl-CoA + Oxalic acid &lt;&gt; Acetic acid + Oxalyl-CoA</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R10614 </kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
  </reactions>
  <concentrations>
  </concentrations>
</compound>
