<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <creation_date>2012-05-31 13:55:25 -0600</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-06-03 15:54:14 -0600</update_date>
  <accession>ECMDB02070</accession>
  <m2m_id>M2MDB000436</m2m_id>
  <name>4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid</name>
  <description>4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid is a member of the chemical class known as Gamma Keto-Acids and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the C4 carbon atom.  4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid is invovled in Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.  2-Keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase also plays a role in respiratory metabolic pathways, which suggests a mechanism for respiration resumption during the termination of the SOS response. (PMID 8524853)</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+/-)-2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioate</synonym>
    <synonym>(+/-)-2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-k-4-OH-glutarate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-k-4-OH-glutaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Keto-4-hydroxyglutarate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Keto-4-hydroxyglutaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxo-4-hydroxyglutarate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxo-4-hydroxyglutaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-4-HYDROXY-2-KETO-GLUTARATE</synonym>
    <synonym>D-4-HYDROXY-2-keto-glutaric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutaric acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H6O6</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>162.0975</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>162.016437924</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number/>
  <smiles>OC(CC(=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H6O6/c6-2(4(8)9)1-3(7)5(10)11/h2,6H,1H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)</inchi>
  <inchikey>WXSKVKPSMAHCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <state></state>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Cytoplasm</cellular_location>
    <cellular_location>Periplasm</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-1.11</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.37</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>6.98e+01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-0.82</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>2.45</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>2-hydroxy-4-oxopentanedioic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>162.0975</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>162.016437924</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OC(CC(=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C5H6O6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C5H6O6/c6-2(4(8)9)1-3(7)5(10)11/h2,6H,1H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>WXSKVKPSMAHCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>111.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>30.22</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>12.76</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Pentose phosphate pathway</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00030</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Arginine and proline metabolism</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00330</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00630</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Metabolic pathways</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>eco01100</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2837</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38254</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>146213</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148900</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148901</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148902</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148903</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148904</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148905</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148906</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148907</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148908</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148909</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148910</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148911</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148912</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148913</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148914</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148915</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148916</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148917</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148918</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>148919</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28196</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28197</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28198</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34754</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34755</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34756</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2691626</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2691627</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2691628</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2991140</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2991141</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2991142</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB02070</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id>579</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C01127</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id>30923</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id>D-4-HYDROXY-2-KETO-GLUTARATE</biocyc_id>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>21097882</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22080510</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17765195</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Cayrol, C., Petit, C., Raynaud, B., Capdevielle, J., Guillemot, J. C., Defais, M. (1995). "Recovery of respiration following the SOS response of Escherichia coli requires RecA-mediated induction of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:11806-11809.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>8524853</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <msds_url/>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>KHG/KDPG aldolase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0A955</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>ALKH_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>eda</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A955.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <transporters>
  </transporters>
  <reactions>
    <reaction_text>4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid &lt;&gt; Pyruvic acid + Glyoxylic acid</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R00470</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id>4OH2OXOGLUTARALDOL-RXN</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid  Glyoxylic acid + Pyruvic acid</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>4OH2OXOGLUTARALDOL-RXN</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid &gt; Pyruvic acid + Glyoxylic acid</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
  </reactions>
  <concentrations>
  </concentrations>
</compound>
