<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <creation_date>2012-05-31 13:53:46 -0600</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-10-23 17:32:16 -0600</update_date>
  <accession>ECMDB01514</accession>
  <m2m_id>M2MDB000406</m2m_id>
  <name>Glucosamine</name>
  <description>Glucosamine (C6H14NO5) is an amino sugar that is an important precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. (Wikipedia)</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-Glucose</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Aminoglucose</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Deoxy-2-amino-D-glucose</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Deoxy-2-aminoglucose</synonym>
    <synonym>Chitosamine</synonym>
    <synonym>Cosamin</synonym>
    <synonym>D-(+)-Glucosamine</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Glucosamine</synonym>
    <synonym>Glucosamine</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C6H13NO5</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>179.1711</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>179.079372531</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>glucosamine</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>3416-24-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C6H13NO5/c7-3-5(10)4(9)2(1-8)12-6(3)11/h2-6,8-11H,1,7H2/t2-,3-,4-,5-,6?/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N</inchikey>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Extra-organism</cellular_location>
    <cellular_location>Periplasm</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.73</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.49</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>5.51e+02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>88 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>11.73</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>8.23</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>179.1711</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>179.079372531</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C6H13NO5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C6H13NO5/c7-3-5(10)4(9)2(1-8)12-6(3)11/h2-6,8-11H,1,7H2/t2-,3-,4-,5-,6?/m1/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>116.17</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>37.58</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>16.87</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00520</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Phosphotransferase system (PTS)</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec02060</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>17655</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38103</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>132620</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>140354</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96358</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96359</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96360</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96361</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96362</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96363</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96364</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96366</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96368</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96369</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96370</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96371</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96372</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96373</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96374</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96375</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96376</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>96377</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>75216</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>75217</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>75218</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>134817</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>134818</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>134819</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1218130</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1218131</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1218132</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2226560</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2228186</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2228961</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2230465</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2231300</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2232921</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2233612</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2235306</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236469</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236892</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238580</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2239018</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2240674</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2241001</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2242794</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2243064</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2013</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2014</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB01514</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>439213</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id>C00329</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id>17315</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id>GLUCOSAMINE</biocyc_id>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia>Glucosamine</wikipidia>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22080510</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17765195</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18331064</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17379776</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <synthesis_reference>Li, Nan; Li, Jiheng.  Preparation of D-glucosamine hydrochloride.    Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao  (1997),  28(1),  56-58.</synthesis_reference>
  <msds_url>http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/373/original/Glucosamine_MSDS.pdf?1368648101</msds_url>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P08839</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PT1_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>ptsI</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08839.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>PTS system mannose-specific EIIAB component</name>
      <uniprot_id>P69797</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PTNAB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>manX</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69797.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Mannose permease IIC component</name>
      <uniprot_id>P69801</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PTNC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>manY</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69801.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Mannose permease IID component</name>
      <uniprot_id>P69805</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PTND_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>manZ</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69805.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Phosphocarrier protein HPr</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AA04</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PTHP_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>ptsH</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AA04.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <transporters>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Mannose permease IIC component</name>
      <uniprot_id>P69801</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PTNC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>manY</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69801.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Mannose permease IID component</name>
      <uniprot_id>P69805</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PTND_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>manZ</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69805.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Outer membrane protein N</name>
      <uniprot_id>P77747</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OMPN_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>ompN</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77747.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Outer membrane pore protein E</name>
      <uniprot_id>P02932</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PHOE_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>phoE</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02932.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Outer membrane protein F</name>
      <uniprot_id>P02931</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OMPF_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>ompF</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02931.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Outer membrane protein C</name>
      <uniprot_id>P06996</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OMPC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>ompC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06996.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </transporters>
  <reactions>
    <reaction_text>Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Glucosamine &gt; Glucosamine 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acid</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>TRANS-RXN-167A</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Glucosamine + Phosphoenolpyruvic acid &gt; Glucosamine 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acid</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>TRANS-RXN-167A</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
  </reactions>
  <concentrations>
    <growth_media>48 mM Na2HPO4, 22 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM NaCl, 45 mM (NH4)2SO4, supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mg/l thiamine·HCl, 5.6 mg/l CaCl2, 8 mg/l FeCl3, 1 mg/l MnCl2·4H2O, 1.7 mg/l ZnCl2, 0.43 mg/l CuCl2·2H2O, 0.6 mg/l CoCl2·2H2O and 0.6 mg/l Na2MoO4·2H2O.  4 g/L Gluco</growth_media>
    <growth_system>Bioreactor, pH controlled, O2 and CO2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h</growth_system>
    <concentration>19.2</concentration>
    <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
    <internal/>
    <error>0.0</error>
    <temperature>37 oC</temperature>
    <strain>BW25113</strain>
    <growth_status>Stationary Phase, glucose limited</growth_status>
    <molecules>76800</molecules>
    <molecules_error>0</molecules_error>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17379776</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </concentrations>
</compound>
