2.0 2012-05-31 13:51:48 -0600 2015-06-03 15:54:05 -0600 ECMDB01401 M2MDB000372 Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 6 phosphate (alpha-D-glucose 6 phosphate or G6P) is the alpha-anomer of glucose-6-phosphate. There are two anomers of glucose 6 phosphate, the alpha anomer and the beta anomer Glucose-6-phosphate is a phosphorylated glucose molecule on carbon 6. When glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated to G6P. This is catalyzed with hexokinase enzymes, thus consuming one ATP. A major reason for immediate phosphorylation of the glucose is so that it cannot diffuse out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged group so the G6P cannot easily cross cell membranes. G6P can travel down two metabolic pathways, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Note, the molecule now has 2 phosphoryl groups attached. The addition of the 2nd phosphoryl group is an irreversible step, so once this happens G6P will enter glycolysis and be turned into pyruvate (ATP production occurs). After being converted to G6P, phosphoglucose mutase (isomerase) can turn the molecule into glucose-1-phosphate. Glucose-1-phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to form UDP-glucose. This reaction is driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate that is released in the reaction. (Wikipedia) &beta;-D-glucose-6-P A-D-glucose 6- phosphate a-D-Glucose 6- phosphoric acid A-D-Glucose 6-phosphate a-D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acid A-D-Glucose-6-phosphate a-D-Glucose-6-phosphoric acid a-D-Hexose 6-phosphate a-D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acid Alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acid Alpha-D-Hexose 6-phosphate alpha-D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acid b-D-Glucose-6-P Beta-D-Glucose-6-P D(+)-Glucopyranose 6-phosphate D(+)-Glucopyranose 6-phosphoric acid D-Glucose 6-phosphate D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acid D-Glucose-6-dihydrogen phosphate D-Glucose-6-dihydrogen phosphoric acid D-Glucose-6-P D-Glucose-6-phosphate D-Glucose-6-phosphoric acid D-Hexose 6-phosphate D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acid Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphoric acid Glucose-6-P Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphoric acid Robison ester α-D-Glucose 6-phosphate α-D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acid α-D-Hexose 6-phosphate α-D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acid β-D-Glucose-6-P C6H13O9P 260.1358 260.029718526 {[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid glucose 6-phosphate 56-73-5 OC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-3-2(1-14-16(11,12)13)15-6(10)5(9)4(3)8/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1 NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N Liquid Cytosol Extra-organism Periplasm logp -2.06 ALOGPS logs -0.92 ALOGPS solubility 3.14e+01 g/l ALOGPS logp -3.1 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 1.22 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3.6 ChemAxon iupac {[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid ChemAxon average_mass 260.1358 ChemAxon mono_mass 260.029718526 ChemAxon smiles OC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ChemAxon formula C6H13O9P ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-3-2(1-14-16(11,12)13)15-6(10)5(9)4(3)8/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 156.91 ChemAxon refractivity 46.8 ChemAxon polarizability 21 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 3 ChemAxon acceptor_count 8 ChemAxon donor_count 6 ChemAxon physiological_charge -2 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Pentose phosphate pathway ec00030 Glutathione metabolism The biosynthesis of glutathione starts with the introduction of L-glutamic acid through either a glutamate:sodium symporter, glutamate / aspartate : H+ symporter GltP or a glutamate / aspartate ABC transporter. Once in the cytoplasm, L-glutamice acid reacts with L-cysteine through an ATP glutamate-cysteine ligase resulting in gamma-glutamylcysteine. This compound reacts which Glycine through an ATP driven glutathione synthetase thus catabolizing Glutathione. This compound is metabolized through a spontaneous reaction with an oxidized glutaredoxin resulting in a reduced glutaredoxin and an oxidized glutathione. This compound is reduced by a NADPH glutathione reductase resulting in a glutathione. PW000833 ec00480 Metabolic Purine metabolism ec00230 Starch and sucrose metabolism The metabolism of starch and sucrose begins with D-fructose interacting with a D-glucose in a reversible reaction through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a water molecule and a sucrose. D-fructose is phosphorylated through an ATP driven fructokinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through either a mannose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. The Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate is isomerized through a phosphoglucose isomerase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be incorporated by glucose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. The beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate can also be produced by a D-glucose being phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glucokinase resulting in a ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate. The beta-D-glucose can produce alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate by two methods: 1.-Beta-D-glucose is isomerized into an alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate and then interacts in a reversible reaction through a phosphoglucomutase-1 resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate. 2.-Beta-D-glucose interacts with a putative beta-phosphoglucomutase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate can be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a glucose PTS permease. This compound is then isomerized into a Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate The beta-D-glucose can cycle back into a D-fructose by first interacting with D-fructose in a reversible reaction through a Polypeptide: predicted glucosyltransferase resulting in the release of a phosphate and a sucrose. The sucrose then interacts in a reversible reaction with a water molecule through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-fructose. Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can produce glycogen in by two different sets of reactions: 1.-Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with a hydrogen ion and an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The ADP-glucose then interacts with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an Amylose. The amylose then interacts with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in glycogen 2.- Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase resulting in a phosphate and a glycogen. Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can also interacts with UDP-galactose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase resulting in a galactose 1-phosphate and a Uridine diphosphate glucose. The UDP-glucose then interacts with an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase resulting in a uridine 5'-diphosphate, a hydrogen ion and a Trehalose 6- phosphate. The latter compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a trehalose PTS permease. Trehalose interacts with a water molecule through a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an alpha,alpha-trehalose.The alpha,alpha-trehalose can also be obtained from glycogen being metabolized through a glycogen debranching enzyme resulting in a the alpha, alpha-trehalose. This compound ca then be hydrated through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of an alpha-D-glucose and a beta-d-glucose. Glycogen is then metabolized by reacting with a phosphate through a glycogen phosphorylase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a dextrin. The dextrin is then hydrated through a glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin α-1,6-glucohydrolase resulting in the release of a debranched limit dextrin and a maltotetraose. This compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotetraose interacts with a phosphate through a maltodextrin phosphorylase releasing a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a maltotriose. The maltotriose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotriose can then interact with water through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-maltose. D-maltose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter The D-maltose can then interact with a maltotriose through a amylomaltase resulting in a maltotetraose and a D-glucose. The D-glucose is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate PW000941 ec00500 Metabolic Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis ec00010 Galactose metabolism Galactose can be synthesized through two pathways: melibiose degradation involving an alpha galactosidase and lactose degradation involving a beta galactosidase. Melibiose is first transported inside the cell through the melibiose:Li+/Na+/H+ symporter. Once inside the cell, melibiose is degraded through alpha galactosidase into an alpha-D-galactose and a beta-D-glucose. The beta-D-glucose is phosphorylated by a glucokinase to produce a beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate which can spontaneously be turned into a alpha D glucose 6 phosphate. This alpha D-glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized into a glucose -1-phosphate through a phosphoglucomutase-1. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase. Galactose can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose can also be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter. Galactose is degraded through the following process: Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell PW000821 ec00052 Metabolic Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ec00520 Streptomycin biosynthesis ec00521 Butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis ec00524 Microbial metabolism in diverse environments ec01120 Metabolic pathways eco01100 Trehalose Degradation I (low osmolarity) While E. coli only synthesizes trehalose under conditions of high osmolarity, it can degrade the sugar under conditions of both low and high osmolarity and can utilize it as the sole carbon source. Different pathways are employed under different osmolarity conditions. The cell only synthesizes trehalose under high-osmolarity conditions. Therefore, the only source of trehalose under low-osmolarity conditions is external. Utilization of trehalose is induced by the presence of trehalose in the medium. Trehalose is imported into the cell by the trehalose PTS permease, which is composed of the EIIAGlc of the glucose PTS and a trehalose-specific EIITre. Trehalose is phosphorylated during transport and enters the cytoplasm as trehalose-6-phosphate. The resulting trehalose-6-phosphate is then hydrolyzed by trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, yielding glucose and glucose-6-phosphate. The free glucose is phosphorylated further by glucokinase into a second molecule of glucose-6-phosphate, and both glucose-6-phosphate moieties enter glycolysis. (EcoCyc) PW002097 Metabolic gluconeogenesis I GLUCONEO-PWY glycolysis I GLYCOLYSIS glycogen degradation I GLYCOCAT-PWY trehalose degradation II (trehalase) PWY0-1182 GDP-mannose biosynthesis PWY-5659 glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation GLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWY fructoselysine and psicoselysine degradation PWY0-521 superpathway of glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff GLYCOLYSIS-E-D pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch) OXIDATIVEPENT-PWY trehalose degradation I (low osmolarity) TREDEGLOW-PWY Specdb::CMs 739 Specdb::CMs 740 Specdb::CMs 741 Specdb::CMs 742 Specdb::CMs 1927 Specdb::CMs 1930 Specdb::CMs 1948 Specdb::CMs 3083 Specdb::CMs 30349 Specdb::CMs 30350 Specdb::CMs 30782 Specdb::CMs 30783 Specdb::CMs 31323 Specdb::CMs 31324 Specdb::CMs 31325 Specdb::CMs 38057 Specdb::CMs 135777 Specdb::CMs 143511 Specdb::NmrOneD 1296 Specdb::NmrOneD 1698 Specdb::NmrOneD 95898 Specdb::NmrOneD 95899 Specdb::NmrOneD 95900 Specdb::NmrOneD 95901 Specdb::NmrOneD 95902 Specdb::NmrOneD 95903 Specdb::NmrOneD 95904 Specdb::NmrOneD 95905 Specdb::NmrOneD 95906 Specdb::NmrOneD 95907 Specdb::NmrOneD 95908 Specdb::NmrOneD 95909 Specdb::NmrOneD 95910 Specdb::NmrOneD 95911 Specdb::NmrOneD 95912 Specdb::NmrOneD 95913 Specdb::NmrOneD 95914 Specdb::NmrOneD 95915 Specdb::NmrOneD 95916 Specdb::NmrOneD 95917 Specdb::MsMs 1556 Specdb::MsMs 1557 Specdb::MsMs 1558 Specdb::MsMs 5254 Specdb::MsMs 5255 Specdb::MsMs 5256 Specdb::MsMs 5257 Specdb::MsMs 5258 Specdb::MsMs 5259 Specdb::MsMs 5260 Specdb::MsMs 5261 Specdb::MsMs 5262 Specdb::MsMs 5263 Specdb::MsMs 5264 Specdb::MsMs 5265 Specdb::MsMs 5266 Specdb::MsMs 5271 Specdb::MsMs 179457 Specdb::MsMs 179458 Specdb::MsMs 179459 Specdb::MsMs 181785 Specdb::MsMs 181786 Specdb::MsMs 181787 Specdb::MsMs 437662 Specdb::MsMs 437663 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1067 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1639 HMDB01401 439284 5743 C00092 17665 GLC-6-P Glucose 6-phosphate Keseler, I. 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J Clin Invest. 1994 Jun;93(6):2438-46. 8200979 Phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase P08839 PT1_ECOLI ptsI http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08839.xml Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase P0A6T1 G6PI_ECOLI pgi http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6T1.xml Glucokinase P0A6V8 GLK_ECOLI glk http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6V8.xml Fructoselysine 6-phosphate deglycase P0AC00 FRLB_ECOLI frlB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AC00.xml Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase P0AC53 G6PD_ECOLI zwf http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AC53.xml 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase BglB P11988 BGLB_ECOLI bglB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P11988.xml 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase P17411 CHBF_ECOLI chbF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P17411.xml PTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB component P19642 PTOCB_ECOLI malX http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xml 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase AscB P24240 ASCB_ECOLI ascB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P24240.xml Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase P28904 TREC_ECOLI treC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P28904.xml Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] P31677 OTSA_ECOLI otsA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P31677.xml Phosphoglucomutase P36938 PGM_ECOLI pgm http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P36938.xml Glucose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIA component P69783 PTGA_ECOLI crr http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69783.xml PTS system glucose-specific EIICB component P69786 PTGCB_ECOLI ptsG http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xml PTS system mannose-specific EIIAB component P69797 PTNAB_ECOLI manX http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69797.xml Sugar phosphatase supH P75792 SUPH_ECOLI supH http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P75792.xml Putative beta-phosphoglucomutase P77366 PGMB_ECOLI ycjU http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77366.xml 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase BglA Q46829 BGLA_ECOLI bglA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/Q46829.xml Mannose permease IIC component P69801 PTNC_ECOLI manY http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69801.xml Mannose permease IID component P69805 PTND_ECOLI manZ http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69805.xml Phosphatase yqaB P77475 YQAB_ECOLI yqaB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77475.xml Phosphocarrier protein HPr P0AA04 PTHP_ECOLI ptsH http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AA04.xml conserved protein P39173 yeaD http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P39173.xml PTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB component P19642 PTOCB_ECOLI malX http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xml PTS system glucose-specific EIICB component P69786 PTGCB_ECOLI ptsG http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xml Mannose permease IIC component P69801 PTNC_ECOLI manY http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69801.xml Mannose permease IID component P69805 PTND_ECOLI manZ http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69805.xml Outer membrane protein N P77747 OMPN_ECOLI ompN http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77747.xml Outer membrane pore protein E P02932 PHOE_ECOLI phoE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02932.xml Hexose phosphate transport protein P0AGC0 UHPT_ECOLI uhpT http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AGC0.xml Outer membrane protein F P02931 OMPF_ECOLI ompF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02931.xml Outer membrane protein C P06996 OMPC_ECOLI ompC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06996.xml Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + D-Glucose > Glucose 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acid Glucose 1-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphate R00959 Glucose 6-phosphate + Water > D-Glucose + Phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate + NADP <> 6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone + Hydrogen ion + NADPH GLU6PDEHYDROG-RXN Glucose 6-phosphate + UDP-Glucose > Hydrogen ion + Trehalose 6-phosphate + Uridine 5'-diphosphate R02737 Adenosine triphosphate + D-Glucose > ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate + Hydrogen ion Arbutin 6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + Hydroquinone RXN0-5295 Fructoselysine-6-phosphate + Water <> Glucose 6-phosphate + L-Lysine RXN0-963 Glucose 6-phosphate <> Fructose 6-phosphate PGLUCISOM-RXN Water + Trehalose 6-phosphate > Glucose 6-phosphate + D-Glucose Adenosine triphosphate + alpha-D-Glucose <> ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate R01786 UDP-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate <> Uridine 5'-diphosphate + Trehalose 6-phosphate R02737 Protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + D-Glucose <> Protein histidine + Glucose 6-phosphate R02738 Glucose 6-phosphate + Alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate R02739 Glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate R02740 Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + b-D-Glucose > Glucose 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acid TRANS-RXN-157 Cellobiose-6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + b-D-Glucose 6-PHOSPHO-BETA-GLUCOSIDASE-RXN beta-D-Glucose 1-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate BETA-PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE-RXN b-D-Glucose + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP GLUCOKIN-RXN &alpha;-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphate GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-1-EPIMERASE-RXN Salicin 6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + salicyl alcohol RXN0-5297 Trehalose 6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + b-D-Glucose TRE6PHYDRO-RXN 6-Phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose + Water > D-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate Fructoselysine-6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + L-Lysine Glucose 6-phosphate + NADP > 6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone + NADPH Glucose 6-phosphate > Fructose 6-phosphate Adenosine triphosphate + D-Glucose > ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate UDP-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate > Uridine 5'-diphosphate + Trehalose 6-phosphate Cellobiose-6-phosphate + Water <> D-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate R00839 R06112 Glucose 1-phosphate <> D-Hexose 6-phosphate + Glucose 6-phosphate R08639 Adenosine triphosphate + D-Glucose <> ADP + D-Hexose 6-phosphate + Glucose 6-phosphate R00299 Trehalose 6-phosphate + Water <> D-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate R00837 R06113 Beta-D-Glucopyranuronic acid + Adenosine triphosphate > Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + Hydrogen ion PW_R006119 Glucose 6-phosphate + Alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate Glucose 1-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate + Alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 1-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphate 0.2 g/L NH4Cl, 2.0 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 3.25 g/L KH2PO4, 2.5 g/L K2HPO4, 1.5 g/L NaH2PO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4; trace substances: 10 mg/L CaCl2, 0.5 mg/L ZnSO4, 0.25 mg/L CuCl2, 0.25 mg/L MnSO4, 0.175 mg/L CoCl2, 0.125 mg/L H3BO3, 2.5 mg/L AlCl3, 0.5 mg/L Na2MoO4, 10 Bioreactor, pH controlled, aerated, dilution rate=0.125 L/h 220.0 uM 15.0 37 oC K12 Stationary Phase, glucose limited 880000 60000 Buchholz, A., Takors, R., Wandrey, C. (2001). "Quantification of intracellular metabolites in Escherichia coli K12 using liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric techniques." Anal Biochem 295:129-137. 11488613 M9 Minimal Media, 4 g/L Glucose Bioreactor, pH controlled, O2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h 680.0 uM 90.0 37 oC BW25113 Mid-Log Phase 2720000 360000 Peng, L., Arauzo-Bravo, M. J., Shimizu, K. (2004). "Metabolic flux analysis for a ppc mutant Escherichia coli based on 13C-labelling experiments together with enzyme activity assays and intracellular metabolite measurements." FEMS Microbiol Lett 235:17-23. 15158257 48 mM Na2HPO4, 22 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM NaCl, 45 mM (NH4)2SO4, supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mg/l thiamine·HCl, 5.6 mg/l CaCl2, 8 mg/l FeCl3, 1 mg/l MnCl2·4H2O, 1.7 mg/l ZnCl2, 0.43 mg/l CuCl2·2H2O, 0.6 mg/l CoCl2·2H2O and 0.6 mg/l Na2MoO4·2H2O. 4 g/L Gluco Bioreactor, pH controlled, O2 and CO2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h 180.0 uM 0.0 37 oC BW25113 Stationary Phase, glucose limited 720000 0 Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597. 17379776 50.0 uM 0.0 K-12 200000 0 1. Cybercell Database: <a href='http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi'>http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi</a> <br> 2. Phillips R., Kondev, J., Theriot, J. (2008) “Physical Biology of the Cell” Garland Science, New York, NY.