Hydrogen (gas) (ECMDB01362) (M2MDB000355)
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| Version | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2012-05-31 13:50:50 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2015-09-17 16:24:07 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name: | Hydrogen (gas) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. With an atomic weight of 1.00794, hydrogen is the lightest element. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope Deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope Tritium. Hydrogen is the most abundant of the chemical elements, constituting roughly 75% of the universe's elemental mass. Hydrogen can form compounds with most elements and is present in water and most organic compounds. It plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry, in which many reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. Oxidation of hydrogen, in the sense of removing its electron, formally gives H+, containing no electrons and a nucleus which is usually composed of one proton. That is why H+ is often called a proton. This species is central to discussion of acids. Under the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors. The transport of protons or hydrogen ions across the membrane(ie the creation of a proton gradient) is critical to the generation of energy (ATP) for all living cells. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms: |
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| Chemical Formula: | H2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight: | Average: 2.0159 Monoisotopic: 2.015650064 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key: | UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI: | InChI=1S/H2/h1H | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS number: | 1333-74-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name: | dihydrogen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional IUPAC Name: | dihydrogen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES: | [H][H] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal hydrides. These are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to a hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Homogeneous non-metal compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Other non-metal organides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Other non-metal hydrides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Other non-metal hydrides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors |
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| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State: | Liquid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charge: | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point: | -259.2 °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties: |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations: | Cytoplasm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reactions: | 2 Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen (gas) + Ubiquinone-8 > Ubiquinol-8 +2 Hydrogen ion 2-Demethylmenaquinone 8 + 2 Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen (gas) > 2-Demethylmenaquinol 8 +2 Hydrogen ion 2 Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen (gas) + Menaquinone 8 > Menaquinol 8 +2 Hydrogen ion Formic acid + Hydrogen ion > Carbon dioxide + Hydrogen (gas) Water + Phosphonate > Hydrogen (gas) + Phosphate Hydrogen ion + Formic acid > Carbon dioxide + Hydrogen (gas) Hydrogen ion > Hydrogen (gas) a menaquinone + Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen (gas) > a menaquinol + Hydrogen ion Hydrogen (gas) + A > AH(2) Hydrogen (gas) + Acceptor <> Reduced acceptor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMPDB Pathways: |
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| KEGG Pathways: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EcoCyc Pathways: |
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| Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra: |
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| References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References: |
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| Synthesis Reference: | Ait-Ichou, I.; Formenti, M.; Pommier, B.; Teichner, S. J. Photocatalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol on platinum/titania catalysts. Journal of Catalysis (1985), 91(2), 293-307. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Links: |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate
- Gene Name:
- phoA
- Uniprot ID:
- P00634
- Molecular weight:
- 49438
Reactions
| A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate. |
- General function:
- Involved in formate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
- Specific function:
- Decomposes formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions in the absence of exogenous electron acceptors
- Gene Name:
- fdhF
- Uniprot ID:
- P07658
- Molecular weight:
- 79373
Reactions
| Formate + NAD(+) = CO(2) + NADH. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 3
- Gene Name:
- hycB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAK1
- Molecular weight:
- 21873
- General function:
- Involved in nickel cation binding
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth
- Gene Name:
- hyaB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ACD8
- Molecular weight:
- 66253
Reactions
| H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in nickel cation binding
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD2 is involved in hydrogen uptake
- Gene Name:
- hybC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ACE0
- Molecular weight:
- 62491
Reactions
| H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycE
- Uniprot ID:
- P16431
- Molecular weight:
- 64980
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 3
- Gene Name:
- hycF
- Uniprot ID:
- P16432
- Molecular weight:
- 20309
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycG
- Uniprot ID:
- P16433
- Molecular weight:
- 27999
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth
- Gene Name:
- hyaA
- Uniprot ID:
- P69739
- Molecular weight:
- 40681
Reactions
| H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD2 is involved in hydrogen uptake
- Gene Name:
- hybO
- Uniprot ID:
- P69741
- Molecular weight:
- 39652
Reactions
| H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfJ
- Uniprot ID:
- P77453
- Molecular weight:
- 15577
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfD
- Uniprot ID:
- P77416
- Molecular weight:
- 51754
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfG
- Uniprot ID:
- P77329
- Molecular weight:
- 63383
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable b-type cytochrome
- Gene Name:
- hyaC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAM1
- Molecular weight:
- 27597
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfF
- Uniprot ID:
- P77437
- Molecular weight:
- 56766
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Participates in the periplasmic electron-transferring activity of hydrogenase 2 during its catalytic turnover
- Gene Name:
- hybA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAJ8
- Molecular weight:
- 36003
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfE
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEW1
- Molecular weight:
- 23361
- General function:
- Involved in metal ion binding
- Specific function:
- Probable b-type cytochrome
- Gene Name:
- hybB
- Uniprot ID:
- P37180
- Molecular weight:
- 43602
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfC
- Uniprot ID:
- P77858
- Molecular weight:
- 34359
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfI
- Uniprot ID:
- P77668
- Molecular weight:
- 28101
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hyfB
- Uniprot ID:
- P23482
- Molecular weight:
- 72582
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycC
- Uniprot ID:
- P16429
- Molecular weight:
- 64076
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 4
- Gene Name:
- hyfH
- Uniprot ID:
- P77423
- Molecular weight:
- 20159
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 4
- Gene Name:
- hyfA
- Uniprot ID:
- P23481
- Molecular weight:
- 22154
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycD
- Uniprot ID:
- P16430
- Molecular weight:
- 33029
Transporters
- General function:
- Involved in transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of galactose across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system)
- Gene Name:
- galP
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEP1
- Molecular weight:
- 50982
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Responsible for melibiose transport. It is capable of using hydrogen, sodium, and lithium cations as coupling cations for cotransport, depending on the particular sugar transported (symport system)
- Gene Name:
- melB
- Uniprot ID:
- P02921
- Molecular weight:
- 52217
- General function:
- Involved in ion channel activity
- Specific function:
- Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges two chloride ions for 1 proton. Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly-directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response
- Gene Name:
- clcA
- Uniprot ID:
- B1XD25
- Molecular weight:
- 50348
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in the import of threonine and serine into the cell, with the concomitant import of a proton (symport system)
- Gene Name:
- tdcC
- Uniprot ID:
- C4ZR30
- Molecular weight:
- 48878
- General function:
- Involved in ion channel activity
- Specific function:
- Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges two chloride ions for 1 proton. Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly-directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response
- Gene Name:
- clcA
- Uniprot ID:
- C4ZRP8
- Molecular weight:
- 50348
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in the import of threonine and serine into the cell, with the concomitant import of a proton (symport system)
- Gene Name:
- tdcC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAD8
- Molecular weight:
- 48878
- General function:
- Involved in transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of arabinose across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system)
- Gene Name:
- araE
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AE24
- Molecular weight:
- 51684
- General function:
- Involved in transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of D-xylose across the boundary membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system)
- Gene Name:
- xylE
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AGF4
- Molecular weight:
- 53608
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Proton symporter that senses osmotic shifts and responds by importing osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, stachydrine, pipecolic acid, ectoine and taurine. It is both an osmosensor and an osmoregulator which is available to participate early in the bacterial osmoregulatory response
- Gene Name:
- proP
- Uniprot ID:
- P0C0L7
- Molecular weight:
- 54845
- General function:
- Involved in ion channel activity
- Specific function:
- Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges two chloride ions for 1 proton. Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly-directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response
- Gene Name:
- clcA
- Uniprot ID:
- P37019
- Molecular weight:
- 50348
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Non-specific porin
- Gene Name:
- ompN
- Uniprot ID:
- P77747
- Molecular weight:
- 41220
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
- Gene Name:
- phoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P02932
- Molecular weight:
- 38922
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
- Gene Name:
- ompF
- Uniprot ID:
- P02931
- Molecular weight:
- 39333
- General function:
- Involved in transporter activity
- Specific function:
- Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
- Gene Name:
- ompC
- Uniprot ID:
- P06996
- Molecular weight:
- 40368