Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:49:38 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:10 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB01310
Identification
Name:D-Alanine
DescriptionD-Alanine is an amino acid and one of the most important molecules in living organisms. It has a chiral carbon at a -position.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (R)-Alanine
  • D(-)-a -Alanine
  • D(-)-a-Alanine
  • D(-)-alpha-Alanine
  • D(-)-α-Alanine
  • D-(-)-Alanine
  • D-2-Aminopropionate
  • D-2-Aminopropionic acid
  • D-a-Alanine
  • D-Ala
  • D-Alanine
  • D-alpha-Alanine
  • D-α-Alanine
  • Delta-(-)-Alanine
  • Delta-2-Aminopropionate
  • Delta-2-Aminopropionic acid
  • delta-a-Alanine
  • Delta-Alanine
  • Delta-alpha-Alanine
  • Dl-Alanine
  • δ-(-)-Alanine
  • δ-2-Aminopropionate
  • δ-2-Aminopropionic acid
  • δ-a-Alanine
  • δ-Alanine
  • δ-α-Alanine
Chemical Formula:C3H7NO2
Weight:Average: 89.0932
Monoisotopic: 89.047678473
InChI Key:QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m1/s1
CAS number:338-69-2
IUPAC Name:(2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:D-alanine
SMILES:C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alanine and derivatives. Alanine and derivatives are compounds containing alanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alanine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • D-alpha-amino acid
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:292 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:165.0 mg/ml [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogP:-2.912PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility447 g/LALOGPS
logP-3ALOGPS
logP-2.8ChemAxon
logS0.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.48ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area63.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity20.5 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability8.54 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
two linked disacharide pentapeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain) > D-Alanine + two disacharide linked murein units, pentapeptide crosslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala) (middle of chain)
three linked disacharide pentapeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain) >2 D-Alanine + three disacharide linked murein units (pentapeptide crosslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala) tetrapeptide corsslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala)) (middle of chain)
2 D-Alanine + Adenosine triphosphate <> ADP + D-Alanyl-D-alanine + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate
Water + three disacharide linked murein units (pentapeptide crosslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala) tetrapeptide corsslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala)) (middle of chain) > D-Alanine + three disacharide linked murein units (tetrapeptide crosslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala) & tetrapeptide corsslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala)) (middle of chain)
Water + two disacharide linked murein units, pentapeptide crosslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala) (middle of chain) > D-Alanine + two disacharide linked murein units, tetrapeptide corsslinked tetrapeptide (A2pm->D-ala) (middle of chain)
Water + two linked disacharide pentapeptide and tetrapeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain) > D-Alanine + two linked disacharide tetrapeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain)
Water + two linked disacharide pentapeptide and tripeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain) > D-Alanine + two linked disacharide tetrapeptide and tripeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain)
Water + two linked disacharide pentapeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain) > D-Alanine + two linked disacharide pentapeptide and tetrapeptide murein units (uncrosslinked, middle of chain)
L-Alanine <> D-Alanine
D-Alanine + Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate > Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + Pyruvic acid
D-Alanine + FAD + Water > FADH2 + Ammonium + Pyruvic acid
Water + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate-D-alanine > D-Alanine + UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate
1,6-Anhydrous-N-Acetylmuramyl-tetrapeptide + Water > D-Alanine + 1,6-Anhydrous-N-Acetylmuramyl-tripeptide
L-Alanine-D-glutamate-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate-D-alanine + Water > L-alanine-D-glutamate-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-Alanine
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine(anhydrous)N-Acetylmuramyl-tetrapeptide + Water > D-Alanine + N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine(anhydrous)N-Acetylmuramyl-tripeptide
D-Alanyl-D-alanine + Water >2 D-Alanine
Adenosine triphosphate + 2 D-Alanine <> ADP + Phosphate + D-Alanyl-D-alanine
D-Alanine + Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate <> Pyruvic acid + Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate
peptidoglycan tetrapeptide, glycan chain 2 + peptidoglycan tetrapeptide, glycan chain 1 > peptidoglycan DAP-DAP crosslink + D-Alanine
D-Alanyl-D-alanine + Water > D-Alanine
a lipid II + Water a <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine--<i>N</i>-acetylmuramyl-(tetrapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol + D-Alanine
D-Alanine + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + D-Alanyl-D-alanine + Phosphate + ADP
an electron-transfer-related quinone + Water + D-Alanine > an electron-transfer-related quinol + Ammonium + Pyruvic acid
a peptidoglycan dimer (<I>meso</I>-diaminopimelate containing) + Water > a peptidoglycan with D,D cross-links (<I>meso</I>-diaminopimelate containing) + Undecaprenyl diphosphate + D-Alanine
L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + Water L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-Dap + D-Alanine

SMPDB Pathways:
D-Alanine metabolismPW000768 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
L-alanine metabolismPW000788 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
inner membrane transportPW000786 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
peptidoglycan biosynthesis IPW000906 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
peptidoglycan biosynthesis I 2PW002062 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-d31f7a2ed8284a740b59View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-9500000000-d9aff70e7ddd0c94cf50View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-597f42bcde0e9f005b7eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-ffef20b2a24280b6fac1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0007-9000000000-5494d4107e065019362aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-536fa384ea61b8df326eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-447340852e905814000eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-320cdf459ab1249aeeadView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-e42a8e9c2a1c69fb6bb2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-2c2b7ae491c5edb0c9caView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-4832fe79b009c4a4841eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-b70e34a4340b1eba96fbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-536fa384ea61b8df326eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-447340852e905814000eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-4f17ee45605aa5062be3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-89574d659c7bde46108eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-a2eab41650cb9ab9ccd1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-a667a47345081b445cc9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-2c2b7ae491c5edb0c9caView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-4832fe79b009c4a4841eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-b70e34a4340b1eba96fbView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-080ffbbf05d95b7bcfe6View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-0dfcc5cb0b7d9f01e04aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-002f-9000000000-130c999fe6b63419cfa1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-2ddc0bb04bae8f928a23View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-98c403c9cd494594babfView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-38a12affa4e4f4e91626View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • D'Aniello A, Vetere A, Fisher GH, Cusano G, Chavez M, Petrucelli L: Presence of D-alanine in proteins of normal and Alzheimer human brain. Brain Res. 1992 Oct 2;592(1-2):44-8. Pubmed: 1450921
  • Fisher GH, D'Aniello A, Vetere A, Padula L, Cusano GP, Man EH: Free D-aspartate and D-alanine in normal and Alzheimer brain. Brain Res Bull. 1991 Jun;26(6):983-5. Pubmed: 1933416
  • Fukushima T, Santa T, Homma H, Nagatomo R, Imai K: Determination of D-amino acids in serum from patients with renal dysfunction. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995 Aug;18(8):1130-2. Pubmed: 8535409
  • Hamase K, Konno R, Morikawa A, Zaitsu K: Sensitive determination of D-amino acids in mammals and the effect of D-amino-acid oxidase activity on their amounts. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Sep;28(9):1578-84. Pubmed: 16141519
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Nagata Y, Masui R, Akino T: The presence of free D-serine, D-alanine and D-proline in human plasma. Experientia. 1992 Oct 15;48(10):986-8. Pubmed: 1426150
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15570
HMDB IDHMDB01310
Pubchem Compound ID71080
Kegg IDC00133
ChemSpider ID64234
WikipediaD-Alanine
BioCyc IDD-ALANINE
EcoCyc IDD-ALANINE
Ligand ExpoDAL

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross-linking of the peptide subunits)
Gene Name:
mrcA
Uniprot ID:
P02918
Molecular weight:
93636
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross-linking of the peptide subunits)
Gene Name:
mrcB
Uniprot ID:
P02919
Molecular weight:
94292
Reactions
(GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = (GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Cell wall formation
Gene Name:
ddlB
Uniprot ID:
P07862
Molecular weight:
32839
Reactions
ATP + 2 D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + D-alanyl-D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in alanine racemase activity
Specific function:
Provides the D-alanine required for cell wall biosynthesis
Gene Name:
alr
Uniprot ID:
P0A6B4
Molecular weight:
39153
Reactions
L-alanine = D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Oxidative deamination of D-amino acids
Gene Name:
dadA
Uniprot ID:
P0A6J5
Molecular weight:
47607
Reactions
A D-amino acid + H(2)O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH(3) + reduced acceptor.
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Cell wall formation
Gene Name:
ddlA
Uniprot ID:
P0A6J8
Molecular weight:
39315
Reactions
ATP + 2 D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + D-alanyl-D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Interconversion of serine and glycine
Gene Name:
glyA
Uniprot ID:
P0A825
Molecular weight:
45316
Reactions
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H(2)O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
General function:
Involved in penicillin binding
Specific function:
Cell wall formation. Essential for the formation of a septum of the murein sacculus. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates
Gene Name:
ftsI
Uniprot ID:
P0AD68
Molecular weight:
63877
Reactions
(GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = (GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala))(n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.
General function:
Involved in alanine racemase activity
Specific function:
Isomerizes L-alanine to D-alanine which is then oxidized to pyruvate by dadA
Gene Name:
dadX
Uniprot ID:
P29012
Molecular weight:
38844
Reactions
L-alanine = D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in lyase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L- threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde. L-threo-phenylserine and L- erythro-phenylserine are also good substrates
Gene Name:
ltaE
Uniprot ID:
P75823
Molecular weight:
36494
Reactions
L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
General function:
Defense mechanisms
Specific function:
Releases the terminal D-alanine residue from the cytoplasmic tetrapeptide recycling product L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso- Dap-D-Ala. To a lesser extent, can also cleave D-Ala from murein derivatives containing the tetrapeptide, i.e. MurNAc-tetrapeptide, UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide, GlcNAc-MurNAc-tetrapeptide, and GlcNAc- anhMurNAc-tetrapeptide. Does not act on murein sacculi or cross- linked muropeptides. The tripeptides produced by the lcdA reaction can then be reused as peptidoglycan building blocks; lcdA is thereby involved in murein recycling. Is also essential for viability during stationary phase
Gene Name:
ldcA
Uniprot ID:
P76008
Molecular weight:
33567
Reactions
GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine + H(2)O = GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate + D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in carboxypeptidase activity
Specific function:
Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors
Gene Name:
dacC
Uniprot ID:
P08506
Molecular weight:
43609
Reactions
Preferential cleavage: (Ac)(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-|-D-Ala. Also transpeptidation of peptidyl-alanyl moieties that are N-acyl substituents of D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in carboxypeptidase activity
Specific function:
Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors
Gene Name:
dacD
Uniprot ID:
P33013
Molecular weight:
43346
Reactions
Preferential cleavage: (Ac)(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-|-D-Ala. Also transpeptidation of peptidyl-alanyl moieties that are N-acyl substituents of D-alanine.
General function:
Involved in penicillin binding
Specific function:
Cell wall formation; PBP-2 is responsible for the determination of the rod shape of the cell. Its synthesize cross- linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates
Gene Name:
mrdA
Uniprot ID:
P0AD65
Molecular weight:
70856
General function:
Involved in carboxypeptidase activity
Specific function:
Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors
Gene Name:
dacA
Uniprot ID:
P0AEB2
Molecular weight:
44444
Reactions
Preferential cleavage: (Ac)(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-|-D-Ala. Also transpeptidation of peptidyl-alanyl moieties that are N-acyl substituents of D-alanine.
A beta-lactam + H(2)O = a substituted beta-amino acid.
General function:
Involved in metallopeptidase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes D-Ala-D-Ala. May have a role in cell-wall turnover
Gene Name:
ddpX
Uniprot ID:
P77790
Molecular weight:
21213
Reactions
D-Ala-D-Ala + H(2)O = 2 D-Ala.
General function:
Involved in serine-type carboxypeptidase activity
Specific function:
Not involved in transpeptidation but exclusively catalyzes a DD-carboxypeptidase and DD-endopeptidase reaction
Gene Name:
dacB
Uniprot ID:
P24228
Molecular weight:
51798
Reactions
Preferential cleavage: (Ac)(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-|-D-Ala. Also transpeptidation of peptidyl-alanyl moieties that are N-acyl substituents of D-alanine.

Transporters

General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Probably part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system yecCS for an amino acid. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:
yecC
Uniprot ID:
P37774
Molecular weight:
27677
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Probably part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system yecCS for an amino acid; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:
yecS
Uniprot ID:
P0AFT2
Molecular weight:
24801
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Permease that is involved in the transport across the cytoplasmic membrane of D-alanine, D-serine and glycine
Gene Name:
cycA
Uniprot ID:
P0AAE0
Molecular weight:
51659
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368