<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <creation_date>2012-05-31 13:48:45 -0600</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-09-13 12:56:10 -0600</update_date>
  <accession>ECMDB01270</accession>
  <m2m_id>M2MDB000317</m2m_id>
  <name>Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate</name>
  <description>1,3-Bisphosphogylcerate (1,3BPG), also known as PGAP, is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all living creatures. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis during respiration.  </description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1,3-Biphosphoglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Biphosphoglyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Bis-phosphoglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Bis-phosphoglyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Diphosphateglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Diphosphateglyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Diphosphoglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-DPG</synonym>
    <synonym>13-DPG</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanoate 1-anhydride with phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanoate 1-anhydride with phosphorate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanoate 1-anhydride with phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanoic acid 1-anhydride with phosphorate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanoic acid 1-anhydride with phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-P-Glyceroyl-P</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-phospho-D-Glyceroyl phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-phospho-D-Glyceroyl-phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglyceroyl phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglyceroyl phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglyceroyl-P</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglyceroyl-phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DPG</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycerate 1,3-Biphosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycerate 1,3-diphosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 1,3-bisphosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 1,3-bisphosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 1,3-diphosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 1,3-diphosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Glyceroyl-P</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphoglyceroyl-P</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C3H8O10P2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>266.0371</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>265.9592695</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>{[2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoyl]oxy}phosphonic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>1,3-bisphosphoglycerate</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>1981-49-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(=O)OP(O)(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C3H8O10P2/c4-2(1-12-14(6,7)8)3(5)13-15(9,10)11/h2,4H,1H2,(H2,6,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)</inchi>
  <inchikey>LJQLQCAXBUHEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Cytosol</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-1.14</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.44</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>9.64e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-2.3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>1.01</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-4.2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>{[2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoyl]oxy}phosphonic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>266.0371</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>265.9592695</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(=O)OP(O)(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C3H8O10P2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C3H8O10P2/c4-2(1-12-14(6,7)8)3(5)13-15(9,10)11/h2,4H,1H2,(H2,6,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>LJQLQCAXBUHEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>170.82</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>42.42</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>18.04</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00010</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Microbial metabolism in diverse environments</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec01120</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Gluconeogenesis from L-malic acid</name>
      <description>Gluconeogenesis from L-malic acid starts from the introduction of L-malic acid into cytoplasm either through a C4 dicarboxylate / orotate:H+ symporter or a dicarboxylate transporter (succinic acid antiporter). L-malic acid is then metabolized through 3 possible ways: NAD driven malate dehydrogenase resulting in oxalacetic acid, NADP driven malate dehydrogenase B resulting pyruvic acid or malate dehydrogenase, NAD-requiring resulting in pyruvic acid. 
Oxalacetic acid is processed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP driven) while pyruvic acid is processed by phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase resulting in phosphoenolpyruvic acid. This compound is dehydrated by enolase resulting in an 2-phosphoglyceric acid. This compound is then isomerized by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid which is phosphorylated by an ATP driven phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in an glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound undergoes an NADH driven glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction resulting in a D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which is first isomerized into dihydroxyacetone phosphate through an triosephosphate isomerase. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate react through a fructose biphosphate aldolase protein complex resulting in a fructose 1,6-biphosphate. This compound is metabolized by a fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase resulting in a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate which is then isomerized into a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. 
</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000819</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>fructose metabolism</name>
      <description>Fructose metabolism begins with the transport of Beta-D-fructofuranose through a fructose PTS permease, resulting in a Beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate. This compound is phosphorylated by an ATP driven 1-phosphofructokinase resulting in a fructose 1,6-biphosphate. This compound can either react with a fructose bisphosphate aldolase class 1 resulting in D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a dihydroxyacetone phosphate or through a fructose biphosphate aldolase class 2 resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This compound can then either react in a reversible triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a dihydroxyacetone phosphate or react with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid.
Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.






















































</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000913</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycerol metabolism</name>
      <description>Glycerol metabolism  starts with glycerol is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol channel GlpF Glycerol is then phosphorylated through an ATP mediated glycerol kinase resulting in a Glycerol 3-phosphate. This compound can also be obtained through a glycerophosphodiester reacting with water through a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase or it can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. 
Glycerol 3-phosphate is then metabolized into a dihydroxyacetone phosphate in both aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with a menaquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein complex. In aerobic conditions, the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with ubiquinone mediated by a  glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P]+].
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is then introduced into the fructose metabolism by turning a dihydroxyacetone into an isomer through a triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which in turn reacts with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000914</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycerol metabolism II</name>
      <description>Glycerol metabolism starts with glycerol is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol channel GlpF Glycerol is then phosphorylated through an ATP mediated glycerol kinase resulting in a Glycerol 3-phosphate. This compound can also be obtained through sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine reacting with water through a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase  producing a benzyl alcohol, a hydrogen ion and a glycerol 3-phosphate or  the campound can be introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. Glycerol 3-phosphate is then metabolized into a dihydroxyacetone phosphate in both aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with a menaquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein complex. In aerobic conditions, the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with ubiquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P]+]. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is then introduced into the fructose metabolism by turning a dihydroxyacetone into an isomer through a triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which in turn reacts with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000915</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycerol metabolism III (sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine)</name>
      <description>Glycerol metabolism starts with glycerol is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol channel GlpF Glycerol is then phosphorylated through an ATP mediated glycerol kinase resulting in a Glycerol 3-phosphate. This compound can also be obtained through sn-glycero-3-phosphethanolamine reacting with water through a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase producing a benzyl alcohol, a hydrogen ion and a glycerol 3-phosphate or the campound can be introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. Glycerol 3-phosphate is then metabolized into a dihydroxyacetone phosphate in both aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with a menaquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein complex. In aerobic conditions, the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with ubiquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P]+]. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is then introduced into the fructose metabolism by turning a dihydroxyacetone into an isomer through a triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which in turn reacts with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000916</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycerol metabolism IV (glycerophosphoglycerol)</name>
      <description>Glycerol metabolism starts with glycerol is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol channel GlpF Glycerol is then phosphorylated through an ATP mediated glycerol kinase resulting in a Glycerol 3-phosphate. This compound can also be obtained through glycerophosphoglycerol reacting with water through a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase producing a benzyl alcohol, a hydrogen ion and a glycerol 3-phosphate or the campound can be introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. Glycerol 3-phosphate is then metabolized into a dihydroxyacetone phosphate in both aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with a menaquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein complex. In aerobic conditions, the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with ubiquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P]+]. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is then introduced into the fructose metabolism by turning a dihydroxyacetone into an isomer through a triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which in turn reacts with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000917</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycerol metabolism V (glycerophosphoserine)</name>
      <description>Glycerol metabolism starts with glycerol is introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol channel GlpF Glycerol is then phosphorylated through an ATP mediated glycerol kinase resulting in a Glycerol 3-phosphate. This compound can also be obtained through glycerophosphoserine reacting with water through a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase producing a benzyl alcohol, a hydrogen ion and a glycerol 3-phosphate or the campound can be introduced into the cytoplasm through a glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. Glycerol 3-phosphate is then metabolized into a dihydroxyacetone phosphate in both aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with a menaquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein complex. In aerobic conditions, the metabolism is done through the reaction of glycerol 3-phosphate with ubiquinone mediated by a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P]+]. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is then introduced into the fructose metabolism by turning a dihydroxyacetone into an isomer through a triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which in turn reacts with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000918</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase</name>
      <description>Fructose metabolism begins with the transport of Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a glucose PTS permease, resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound is isomerized by a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase resulting in a fructose 6-phosphate. This compound can be phosphorylated by two different enzymes, a pyridoxal phosphatase/fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase or a ATP driven-6-phosphofructokinase-1 resulting in a fructose 1,6-biphosphate. This compound can either react with a fructose bisphosphate aldolase class 1 resulting in D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a dihydroxyacetone phosphate or through a fructose biphosphate aldolase class 2 resulting in a D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This compound can then either react in a reversible triosephosphate isomerase resulting in a dihydroxyacetone phosphate or react with a phosphate through a NAD dependent Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase resulting in a glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate. This compound is desphosphorylated by a phosphoglycerate kinase resulting in a 3-phosphoglyceric acid.This compound in turn can either react with a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase or a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in a 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid. This compound interacts with an enolase resulting in a phosphoenolpyruvic acid and water. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid can react either through a AMP driven phosphoenoylpyruvate synthase or a ADP driven pyruvate kinase protein complex resulting in a pyruvic acid.
Pyruvic acid reacts with CoA through a NAD driven pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulting in a carbon dioxide and a Acetyl-CoA which gets incorporated into the TCA cycle pathway.


</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000785</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>gluconeogenesis I</name>
      <ecocyc_pathway_id>GLUCONEO-PWY</ecocyc_pathway_id>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>glycolysis I</name>
      <ecocyc_pathway_id>GLYCOLYSIS</ecocyc_pathway_id>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3117</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38003</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246608</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246609</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246610</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246611</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246612</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246613</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246616</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246617</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246618</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246619</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246620</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246621</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246622</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246623</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246624</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246625</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246626</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>246627</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25007</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25008</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25009</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31565</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31566</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31567</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB01270</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>683</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id>663</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id></kegg_id>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id>DPG</biocyc_id>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia>1,3-Biphosphoglycerate</wikipidia>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>21097882</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22080510</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17765195</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2(1):18.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>15882454</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fujii H: [Red cell glycolytic intermediates]  Nippon Rinsho. 1995 Mar;53 Su Pt 2:234-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>8753225</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Sayed A, Matsuyama S, Inoue K, Alsina J, Cai F, Chen J, Inouye M: ATPase and GTPase activities copurifying with GTP-binding proteins in E. coli. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 Jul;2(3):261-3.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>10937433</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Inoue H, Moriyasu M, Hamasaki N: Metabolism of 3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate in phosphoenolpyruvate-enriched human erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jun 5;262(16):7635-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>3584133</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fabry ME, Nagel RL: Heterogeneity of red cells in the sickler: a characteristic with practical clinical and pathophysiological implications. Blood Cells. 1982;8(1):9-15.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>7115982</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Flachner B, Varga A, Szabo J, Barna L, Hajdu I, Gyimesi G, Zavodszky P, Vas M: Substrate-assisted movement of the catalytic Lys 215 during domain closure: site-directed mutagenesis studies of human 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Biochemistry. 2005 Dec 27;44(51):16853-65.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16363799</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Carreras J, Bartrons R, Climent F, Cusso R: Bisphosphorylated metabolites of glycerate, glucose, and fructose: functions, metabolism and molecular pathology. Clin Biochem. 1986 Dec;19(6):348-58.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>3555887</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fokina KV, Dainyak MB, Nagradova NK, Muronetz VI: A study on the complexes between human erythrocyte enzymes participating in the conversions of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Sep 15;345(2):185-92.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9308888</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Jovanovic S, Du Q, Crawford RM, Budas GR, Stagljar I, Jovanovic A: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as an accessory protein of the cardiac sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel. EMBO Rep. 2005 Sep;6(9):848-52.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16082386</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Oimomi M, Yoshimura Y, Kubota S, Tanke G, Takagi K, Baba S: Effect of hydrocortisone on the synthesis of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in human erythrocytes. Transfusion. 1982 Jul-Aug;22(4):266-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>7101418</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Joao HC, Williams RJ: The anatomy of a kinase and the control of phosphate transfer.  Eur J Biochem. 1993 Aug 15;216(1):1-18.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>8365395</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <msds_url>http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/138/original/HMDB01270.pdf?1358462196</msds_url>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0A799</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>PGK_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>pgk</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A799.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0A9B2</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>G3P1_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>gapA</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A9B2.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Acylphosphatase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AB65</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>ACYP_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>yccX</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AB65.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <transporters>
  </transporters>
  <reactions>
    <reaction_text>D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD + Phosphate &lt;&gt; Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + Hydrogen ion + NADH + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R01061</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id>GAPOXNPHOSPHN-RXN</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>3-Phosphoglycerate + Adenosine triphosphate &lt;&gt; Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + ADP</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id>PHOSGLYPHOS-RXN</ecocyc_id>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Phosphate + NAD &lt;&gt; Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + NADH + Hydrogen ion</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R01061</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Phospho-D-glycerate &lt;&gt; ADP + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R01512</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + Water &lt;&gt; 3-Phospho-D-glycerate + Phosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id>R01515</kegg_reaction_id>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD + Phosphate + D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate &gt; Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + NADH + Hydrogen ion + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id>PW_R002635</pw_reaction_id>
    <reaction_text>Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + NADH + Hydrogen ion + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate &gt; NAD + Phosphate + D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id>PW_R002935</pw_reaction_id>
    <reaction_text>Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + Adenosine diphosphate + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + ADP &gt; Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + 3-Phosphoglycerate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id>PW_R002636</pw_reaction_id>
    <reaction_text>3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Phosphoglycerate &gt; Adenosine diphosphate + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + ADP + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id>PW_R002934</pw_reaction_id>
    <reaction_text>Adenosine triphosphate + 3 3-Phospho-D-glycerate &lt;&gt; ADP + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate +3 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
    <reaction_text>Adenosine triphosphate + 3 3-Phospho-D-glycerate &lt;&gt; ADP + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate +3 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id/>
  </reactions>
  <concentrations>
  </concentrations>
</compound>
