2.0 2012-05-31 13:44:31 -0600 2015-06-03 15:53:42 -0600 ECMDB01070 M2MDB000241 Octanoyl-CoA Octanoyl-CoA is a substrate for Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase and carnitine O-octanoyltransferase. Capryloyl-CoA Capryloyl-Coenzyme A Octanoyl-CoA Octanoyl-CoA (N-C8:0CoA) Octanoyl-Coenzyme A C29H50N7O17P3S 893.73 893.219673435 {[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy({3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(octanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy})phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid octanoyl-coenzyme A 1264-52-4 CCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12 InChI=1S/C29H50N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-20(38)57-13-12-31-19(37)10-11-32-27(41)24(40)29(2,3)15-50-56(47,48)53-55(45,46)49-14-18-23(52-54(42,43)44)22(39)28(51-18)36-17-35-21-25(30)33-16-34-26(21)36/h16-18,22-24,28,39-40H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,31,37)(H,32,41)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H2,30,33,34)(H2,42,43,44) KQMZYOXOBSXMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Solid Cytosol logp 0.45 ALOGPS logs -2.41 ALOGPS solubility 3.47e+00 g/l ALOGPS logp -3 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 0.82 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 4.01 ChemAxon iupac {[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy({3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(octanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy})phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid ChemAxon average_mass 893.73 ChemAxon mono_mass 893.219673435 ChemAxon smiles CCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12 ChemAxon formula C29H50N7O17P3S ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C29H50N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-20(38)57-13-12-31-19(37)10-11-32-27(41)24(40)29(2,3)15-50-56(47,48)53-55(45,46)49-14-18-23(52-54(42,43)44)22(39)28(51-18)36-17-35-21-25(30)33-16-34-26(21)36/h16-18,22-24,28,39-40H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,31,37)(H,32,41)(H,45,46)(H,47,48)(H2,30,33,34)(H2,42,43,44) ChemAxon inchikey KQMZYOXOBSXMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 363.63 ChemAxon refractivity 199.84 ChemAxon polarizability 83.59 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 26 ChemAxon acceptor_count 17 ChemAxon donor_count 9 ChemAxon physiological_charge -4 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Fatty acid metabolism This pathway depicts the degradation of palmitic acid (C16:0). Fatty acid degradation and synthesis are relatively simple processes that are essentially the reverse of each other. The process of fatty acid degradation, also known as Beta-Oxidation, converts an aliphatic compound into a set of activated acetyl units (acetyl CoA) that can be processed by the citric acid cycle. An activated fatty acid is first oxidized to introduce a double bond; the double bond is then hydrated to introduce an oxygen; the alcohol is then oxidized to a ketone; and, finally, the four carbon fragment is cleaved by coenzyme A to yield acetyl CoA and a fatty acid chain two carbons shorter. If the fatty acid has an even number of carbon atoms and is saturated, the process is simply repeated until the fatty acid is completely converted into acetyl CoA units. Fatty acid synthesis is essentially the reverse of this process. Because the result is a polymer, the process starts with monomers—in this case with activated acyl group and malonyl units. The malonyl unit is condensed with the acetyl unit to form a four-carbon fragment. To produce the required hydrocarbon chain, the carbonyl must be reduced. The fragment is reduced, dehydrated, and reduced again, exactly the opposite of degradation, to bring the carbonyl group to the level of a methylene group with the formation of butyryl CoA. Another activated malonyl group condenses with the butyryl unit and the process is repeated until a C16 fatty acid is synthesized. The first step converts the hydroxydecanoyl into a trans 2decenoyl acp through a protein complex conformed of a hydroxomyristoyl dehydratase and a hydroxydecanoyl dehydratase. The second step leads to the production of a cis 3 decenoyl acp through a 3-hydroxydecanoyl acp dehydratase. For the third step the cis 3 decenoyl acp enters a cycle involving a synthase, reductase, dehydratase and an enoyl reductase which in turn produce a cis x enoyl-acp, hydroxy cis x enoyl, trans x-2 cis x enoyl acp and cis x enoyl respectively.This is done until a palmitoleoyl is produce. In said case the pathway procedes in two different directions. It can either produce a palmitoleic acid through a acyl-coa thioesterase, or produce a Vaccenic acid through a different set of reactions. This process is achieved through a 3-oxoacyl acp synthase, a 3-oxoacyl acp reductase, a 3r hydroxymyristoyl dehydratase and an enoyl acp reductase that produces a transition through 3-oxo cis vaccenoyl acp, 3 hydroxy cis vaccenoyl acp, cis vaccen 2 enoyl acp and a cis vaccenoyl acp respectively. At this point it goes through one final reaction to produce a Vaccenic acid, through an acyl-CoA thioesterase PW000796 ec00071 Metabolic fatty acid oxidation (hexanoate) Although enzymes of the pathway handle both short and long chain fatty acids, it is the long chain compounds that induce the enzymes of the pathway . Each turn of the cycle removes two carbon atoms until only two or three remain. When even-numbered fatty acids are broken down, a two-carbon compound remains, acetyl-CoA. When odd number fatty acids are broken down, a three-carbon residue results, propionylCoA. Unsaturated fatty acids, with cis double bonds located at odd-numbered carbon atoms, enter the main pathway of saturated fatty acid degradation by converting related metabolites of cis configuration and D stereoisomers, derived from breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids, to the trans- or L isomers of saturated fatty acid breakdown by an isomerase and an epimerase, respectively. When cis double bonds are located at even-numbered carbon atoms, such as linoleic acid (cis,cis(9,12)-octadecadienoic acid), after the fatty acid is degraded to the ten carbon stage an extra step is required to deal with the resulting compound, trans,δ(2)-cis,δ(4)decadienoyl-CoA. The enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, converts this to trans,δ(2)decenoyl-CoA which enters the normal cycle at the point of the isomerase. The order of the reaction is as follows: a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acid is transformed into a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA through a Long and short chain fatty acid CoA ligase. The 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA is then transformed into a trans 2 enoyl CoA. This enoyl can also be produced from a cis 3 enoyl CoA through a fatty acid oxidation protein complex. The trans 2 enoyl is transformed into a 3s 3 hydroxyacyl CoA through a 2,3 dehydroadipyl CoA hydratase. This same enzyme turns the product into a 3-oxoacyl-CoA. This is followed by the last step in the reaction when the oxoacyl-coa is turn into an acetyl coa+ a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA through a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase PW001019 Metabolic fatty acid oxidation (octanoate) Although enzymes of the pathway handle both short and long chain fatty acids, it is the long chain compounds that induce the enzymes of the pathway . Each turn of the cycle removes two carbon atoms until only two or three remain. When even-numbered fatty acids are broken down, a two-carbon compound remains, acetyl-CoA. When odd number fatty acids are broken down, a three-carbon residue results, propionylCoA. Unsaturated fatty acids, with cis double bonds located at odd-numbered carbon atoms, enter the main pathway of saturated fatty acid degradation by converting related metabolites of cis configuration and D stereoisomers, derived from breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids, to the trans- or L isomers of saturated fatty acid breakdown by an isomerase and an epimerase, respectively. When cis double bonds are located at even-numbered carbon atoms, such as linoleic acid (cis,cis(9,12)-octadecadienoic acid), after the fatty acid is degraded to the ten carbon stage an extra step is required to deal with the resulting compound, trans,δ(2)-cis,δ(4)decadienoyl-CoA. The enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, converts this to trans,δ(2)decenoyl-CoA which enters the normal cycle at the point of the isomerase. The order of the reaction is as follows: a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acid is transformed into a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA through a Long and short chain fatty acid CoA ligase. The 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA is then transformed into a trans 2 enoyl CoA. This enoyl can also be produced from a cis 3 enoyl CoA through a fatty acid oxidation protein complex. The trans 2 enoyl is transformed into a 3s 3 hydroxyacyl CoA through a 2,3 dehydroadipyl CoA hydratase. This same enzyme turns the product into a 3-oxoacyl-CoA. This is followed by the last step in the reaction when the oxoacyl-coa is turn into an acetyl coa+ a 2,3,4 saturated fatty acyl CoA through a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase PW001022 Metabolic Specdb::EiMs 3716 Specdb::NmrOneD 146290 Specdb::NmrOneD 146291 Specdb::NmrOneD 146292 Specdb::NmrOneD 146293 Specdb::NmrOneD 146294 Specdb::NmrOneD 146295 Specdb::NmrOneD 146296 Specdb::NmrOneD 146297 Specdb::NmrOneD 146298 Specdb::NmrOneD 146299 Specdb::NmrOneD 146300 Specdb::NmrOneD 146301 Specdb::NmrOneD 146302 Specdb::NmrOneD 146303 Specdb::NmrOneD 146304 Specdb::NmrOneD 146305 Specdb::NmrOneD 146306 Specdb::NmrOneD 146307 Specdb::NmrOneD 146308 Specdb::NmrOneD 146309 Specdb::MsMs 29510 Specdb::MsMs 29511 Specdb::MsMs 29512 Specdb::MsMs 36068 Specdb::MsMs 36069 Specdb::MsMs 36070 Specdb::MsMs 2746228 Specdb::MsMs 2746229 Specdb::MsMs 2746230 Specdb::MsMs 2931849 Specdb::MsMs 2931850 Specdb::MsMs 2931851 HMDB01070 380 371 C01944 15533 CPD-196 octanoyl-Coenzyme A Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. 21097882 Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. 22080510 Partanen ST, Novikov DK, Popov AN, Mursula AM, Hiltunen JK, Wierenga RK: The 1.3 A crystal structure of human mitochondrial Delta3-Delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase shows a novel mode of binding for the fatty acyl group. J Mol Biol. 2004 Sep 24;342(4):1197-208. 15351645 Schowalter DB, Matern D, Vockley J: In vitro correction of medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with a recombinant adenoviral vector. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Jun;85(2):88-95. Epub 2005 Mar 19. 15896652 Gargus JJ, Boyle K, Bocian M, Roe DS, Vianey-Saban C, Roe CR: Respiratory complex II defect in siblings associated with a symptomatic secondary block in fatty acid oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(7):659-70. 14707514 Parker AR: Binding of the human &quot;electron transferring flavoprotein&quot; (ETF) to the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) involves an arginine and histidine residue. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2003 Oct;18(5):453-62. 14692513 Milne, K. G.; Mehlert, A.; Ferguson, M. A. J. The use of Pseudomonas acyl-CoA synthetase to form acyl-CoAs from dicarboxylic fatty acids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (2001), 1531(1-2), 1-3. 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase P21151 FADA_ECOLI fadA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P21151.xml Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase P69451 LCFA_ECOLI fadD http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69451.xml 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase_ P76503 FADI_ECOLI fadI http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P76503.xml Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase Q47146 FADE_ECOLI fadE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/Q47146.xml Short-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase P38135 FADK_ECOLI fadK http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P38135.xml Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 P0AGG2 TESB_ECOLI tesB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AGG2.xml Adenosine triphosphate + Coenzyme A + Hydrogen ion + Caprylic acid > Adenosine monophosphate + Hydrogen ion + Octanoyl-CoA + Pyrophosphate Acetyl-CoA + Octanoyl-CoA <> 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA + Coenzyme A R03778 FAD + Octanoyl-CoA <> FADH2 + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA R03777 Water + Octanoyl-CoA > Coenzyme A + Hydrogen ion + Caprylic acid 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA + Coenzyme A > Acetyl-CoA + Octanoyl-CoA + Octanoyl-CoA PW_R003780 Octanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein + Octanoyl-CoA > (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA + Reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein PW_R002490 Octanoyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA + Octanoyl-CoA <> 3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA + Coenzyme A PW_R002741 Caprylic acid + Adenosine triphosphate + Coenzyme A > Adenosine monophosphate + Octanoyl-CoA + Octanoyl-CoA PW_R003763 FAD + Octanoyl-CoA <> FADH2 + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA FAD + Octanoyl-CoA <> FADH2 + (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA