Ubiquinol-8 (ECMDB01060) (M2MDB000237)
Record Information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Version | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creation Date | 2012-05-31 13:44:18 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Update Date | 2015-09-17 16:24:05 -0600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary Accession Numbers |
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Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name: | Ubiquinol-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Ubiquinol-8 is a member of the chemical class known as Polyprenylbenzoquinols. They are reduced forms of polyprenylbenzoquinines (ubiquinones). These are compounds containing a polyisoprene chain attached to a quinol at the second ring position. Ubiquiol-1 has 8 isoprene units. Normally in E. coli the active form of Ubiquinol has 8 isoprene units (Ubiquinol-8) and in humans it normally has 10. Coenzyme Q(n) exists in three redox states, fully oxidized (ubiquinone), partially reduced (semiquinones or ubisemiquinones), and fully reduced (ubiquinols). The redox functions of ubiquinol in cellular energy production and antioxidant protection are based on the ability to exchange two electrons in a redox cycle between ubiquinol (reduced) and the ubiquinone (oxidized) form. Ubiquionols are important in cellular respiration. They are fat-soluble and therefore mobile in cellular membranes; they play a unique role in the electron transport chain (ETC). In the inner bacterial membrane, electrons from NADH and succinate pass through the ETC to the oxygen, which is then reduced to water. The transfer of electrons through ETC results in the pumping of H+ across the membrane creating a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used by ATP synthase (located on the membrane) to generate ATP. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms: |
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Chemical Formula: | C49H78O4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight: | Average: 731.1412 Monoisotopic: 730.590010984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI Key: | FLVUMORHBJZINO-SGHXUWJISA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InChI: | InChI=1S/C49H78O4/c1-36(2)20-13-21-37(3)22-14-23-38(4)24-15-25-39(5)26-16-27-40(6)28-17-29-41(7)30-18-31-42(8)32-19-33-43(9)34-35-45-44(10)46(50)48(52-11)49(53-12)47(45)51/h20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,46-47,50-51H,13-19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35H2,1-12H3/b37-22+,38-24+,39-26+,40-28+,41-30+,42-32+,43-34+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS number: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IUPAC Name: | 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30-octaen-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional IUPAC Name: | 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30-octaen-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMILES: | COC1=C(OC)C(O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1O | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polyterpenoids. These are terpenoids consisting of more than eight isoprene units. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class | Prenol lipids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sub Class | Polyterpenoids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct Parent | Polyterpenoids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Substituents |
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Descriptors | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charge: | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental Properties: |
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Predicted Properties |
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Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cellular Locations: | Membrane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reactions: | 2 Hydrogen ion + Hydrogen (gas) + Ubiquinone-8 > Ubiquinol-8 +2 Hydrogen ion 2 Hydrogen ion + Oxygen + Ubiquinol-8 > Water + Ubiquinone-8 +2 Hydrogen ion 2 Hydrogen ion + Nitrate + Ubiquinol-8 > Water + Nitrite + Ubiquinone-8 +2 Hydrogen ion Ubiquinol-8 + Nitrate > Ubiquinone-8 + Water + Nitrite Glycerol 3-phosphate + Ubiquinone-8 > Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Ubiquinol-8 2 Hydrogen ion + Ubiquinone-8 + Formic acid > Ubiquinol-8 + Carbon dioxide + Hydrogen ion Ubiquinone-8 + D-Glucose + Water > Ubiquinol-8 + Gluconic acid + Hydrogen ion 4 Hydrogen ion + Oxygen + Ubiquinol-8 > Water + Ubiquinone-8 +4 Hydrogen ion Ubiquinone-8 + Succinic acid > Fumaric acid + Ubiquinol-8 4 Hydrogen ion + NADH + Ubiquinone-8 > NAD + Ubiquinol-8 +3 Hydrogen ion Glycolic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Glyoxylic acid + Ubiquinol-8 L-Lactic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Pyruvic acid + Ubiquinol-8 Ubiquinone-8 + periplasmic protein disulfide isomerase I (reduced) > Ubiquinol-8 + periplasmic protein disulfide isomerase I (oxidized) 3 Ubiquinol-8 + 2 Hydrogen ion + Nitrite >3 Ubiquinone-8 +2 Water + Ammonium Water + Pyruvic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Acetic acid + Carbon dioxide + Ubiquinol-8 4,5-Dihydroorotic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Orotic acid + Ubiquinol-8 Hydrogen ion + NADH + Ubiquinone-8 > NAD + Ubiquinol-8 D-Lactic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Pyruvic acid + Ubiquinol-8 L-Malic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Oxalacetic acid + Ubiquinol-8 2-Octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-Adenosylmethionine > S-Adenosylhomocysteine + Hydrogen ion + Ubiquinol-8 L-Aspartic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Hydrogen ion + Iminoaspartic acid + Ubiquinol-8 Hydrogen ion + NADPH + Ubiquinone-8 > NADP + Ubiquinol-8 2 Oxygen + Ubiquinol-8 >2 Hydrogen ion +2 Superoxide anion + Ubiquinone-8 Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Pyruvic acid + Ubiquinone-1 + Water <> Acetic acid + Ubiquinol-8 + Carbon dioxide D-Glucose + Ubiquinone-1 <> Gluconolactone + Ubiquinol-8 More...2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-Adenosylmethionine > Hydrogen ion + Ubiquinol-8 + S-Adenosylhomocysteine Ubiquinone-8 + Hydrogen ion > Ubiquinol-8 Ubiquinol-8 + Oxygen > Ubiquinone-8 + Water NADH + Ubiquinone-1 <> NAD + Ubiquinol-8 Succinic acid + Ubiquinone-8 > Fumaric acid + Ubiquinol 8 + Ubiquinol-8 3-demethylubiquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine > Hydrogen ion + S-Adenosylhomocysteine + Ubiquinol 8 + Ubiquinol-8 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine > S-Adenosylhomocysteine + Ubiquinol-8 + Hydrogen ion D-Glucose + Ubiquinone-1 <> Gluconolactone + Ubiquinol-8 Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor NADH + Ubiquinone-1 <> NAD + Ubiquinol-8 Pyruvic acid + Ubiquinone-1 + Water <> Acetic acid + Ubiquinol-8 + Carbon dioxide D-Glucose + Ubiquinone-1 <> Gluconolactone + Ubiquinol-8 Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Ubiquinol-8 + Acceptor <> Ubiquinone-1 + Reduced acceptor Pyruvic acid + Ubiquinone-1 + Water <> Acetic acid + Ubiquinol-8 + Carbon dioxide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMPDB Pathways: |
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KEGG Pathways: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EcoCyc Pathways: |
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Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectra: |
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References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References: |
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Synthesis Reference: | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External Links: |
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Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Does not couple the redox reaction to proton translocation
- Gene Name:
- ndh
- Uniprot ID:
- P00393
- Molecular weight:
- 47358
Reactions
NADH + acceptor = NAD(+) + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Specific function:
- First component of the membrane-bound D-lactate oxidase, which is believed to play an important role in the energization of the active transport of a variety of sugars and amino acids
- Gene Name:
- dld
- Uniprot ID:
- P06149
- Molecular weight:
- 64612
Reactions
(R)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH. |
- General function:
- Involved in magnesium ion binding
- Specific function:
- Pyruvate + ferricytochrome b1 + H(2)O = acetate + CO(2) + ferrocytochrome b1
- Gene Name:
- poxB
- Uniprot ID:
- P07003
- Molecular weight:
- 62011
Reactions
Pyruvate + ubiquinone + H(2)O = acetate + CO(2) + ubiquinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth
- Gene Name:
- sdhB
- Uniprot ID:
- P07014
- Molecular weight:
- 26770
Reactions
Succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction
- Gene Name:
- narG
- Uniprot ID:
- P09152
- Molecular weight:
- 140489
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
- Gene Name:
- pyrD
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A7E1
- Molecular weight:
- 36774
Reactions
(S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in iron-sulfur cluster binding
- Specific function:
- Electron transfer protein; may also function as the membrane anchor for the glpAB dimer
- Gene Name:
- glpC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A996
- Molecular weight:
- 44108
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone. Uses fumarate or nitrate as electron acceptor
- Gene Name:
- glpA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A9C0
- Molecular weight:
- 58958
Reactions
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing 4 cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit
- Gene Name:
- fdnH
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAJ3
- Molecular weight:
- 32239
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing 4 cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron- sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit
- Gene Name:
- fdoH
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAJ5
- Molecular weight:
- 33100
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 3
- Gene Name:
- hycB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAK1
- Molecular weight:
- 21873
- General function:
- Involved in nitrogen compound metabolic process
- Specific function:
- Plays a role in nitrite reduction
- Gene Name:
- nrfA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABK9
- Molecular weight:
- 53703
Reactions
NH(3) + 2 H(2)O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H(+). |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth
- Gene Name:
- sdhA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AC41
- Molecular weight:
- 64421
Reactions
Succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific function:
- Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
- Gene Name:
- sdhD
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AC44
- Molecular weight:
- 12867
- General function:
- Involved in nickel cation binding
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth
- Gene Name:
- hyaB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ACD8
- Molecular weight:
- 66253
Reactions
H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in nickel cation binding
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD2 is involved in hydrogen uptake
- Gene Name:
- hybC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ACE0
- Molecular weight:
- 62491
Reactions
H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Can oxidize menadiol to menadione
- Gene Name:
- ygiN
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ADU2
- Molecular weight:
- 11532
- General function:
- Involved in respiratory electron transport chain
- Specific function:
- Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. Subunit gamma is the cytochrome b556(FDN) component of the formate dehydrogenase
- Gene Name:
- fdnI
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEK7
- Molecular weight:
- 25368
- General function:
- Involved in respiratory electron transport chain
- Specific function:
- Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. Subunit gamma is probably the cytochrome b556(FDO) component of the formate dehydrogenase
- Gene Name:
- fdoI
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEL0
- Molecular weight:
- 24606
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- glcD
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEP9
- Molecular weight:
- 53811
- General function:
- Involved in nitrate reductase activity
- Specific function:
- This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit
- Gene Name:
- narV
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AF32
- Molecular weight:
- 26018
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFC3
- Molecular weight:
- 16457
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFC7
- Molecular weight:
- 25056
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoE
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFD1
- Molecular weight:
- 18590
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. This subunit may bind ubiquinone
- Gene Name:
- nuoH
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFD4
- Molecular weight:
- 36219
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoI
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFD6
- Molecular weight:
- 20538
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoJ
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFE0
- Molecular weight:
- 19874
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- There are 2 NADH dehydrogenases in E.coli, however only this complex is able to use dNADH (reduced nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide, deamino-NADH) and dNADH-DB (dimethoxy- 5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone) as substrates
- Gene Name:
- nuoK
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFE4
- Molecular weight:
- 10845
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoM
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFE8
- Molecular weight:
- 56524
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoN
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AFF0
- Molecular weight:
- 52044
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to iminoaspartate
- Gene Name:
- nadB
- Uniprot ID:
- P10902
- Molecular weight:
- 60337
Reactions
L-aspartate + O(2) = iminosuccinate + H(2)O(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in iron-sulfur cluster binding
- Specific function:
- The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit
- Gene Name:
- narH
- Uniprot ID:
- P11349
- Molecular weight:
- 58066
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in nitrate reductase activity
- Specific function:
- The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit
- Gene Name:
- narI
- Uniprot ID:
- P11350
- Molecular weight:
- 25497
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone. Uses fumarate or nitrate as electron acceptor
- Gene Name:
- glpB
- Uniprot ID:
- P13033
- Molecular weight:
- 45357
Reactions
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone. Uses molecular oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptor
- Gene Name:
- glpD
- Uniprot ID:
- P13035
- Molecular weight:
- 56750
Reactions
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
- Specific function:
- GDH is probably involved in energy conservation rather than in sugar metabolism
- Gene Name:
- gcd
- Uniprot ID:
- P15877
- Molecular weight:
- 86747
Reactions
D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycE
- Uniprot ID:
- P16431
- Molecular weight:
- 64980
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable electron transfer protein for hydrogenase 3
- Gene Name:
- hycF
- Uniprot ID:
- P16432
- Molecular weight:
- 20309
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycG
- Uniprot ID:
- P16433
- Molecular weight:
- 27999
- General function:
- Involved in 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3- demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9
- Gene Name:
- ubiG
- Uniprot ID:
- P17993
- Molecular weight:
- 26555
Reactions
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-n = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-n. |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-(all-trans-polyprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol. |
- General function:
- Involved in unfolded protein binding
- Specific function:
- Chaperone required for proper molybdenum cofactor insertion and final assembly of the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase 2
- Gene Name:
- narW
- Uniprot ID:
- P19317
- Molecular weight:
- 26160
- General function:
- Involved in iron-sulfur cluster binding
- Specific function:
- This is a second nitrate reductase enzyme which can substitute for the NRA enzyme and allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The beta chain is an electron transfer unit containing four cysteine clusters involved in the formation of iron-sulfur centers. Electrons are transferred from the gamma chain to the molybdenum cofactor of the alpha subunit
- Gene Name:
- narY
- Uniprot ID:
- P19318
- Molecular weight:
- 58557
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- The alpha chain is the actual site of nitrate reduction
- Gene Name:
- narZ
- Uniprot ID:
- P19319
- Molecular weight:
- 140226
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in formate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
- Specific function:
- Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The alpha subunit forms the active site
- Gene Name:
- fdnG
- Uniprot ID:
- P24183
- Molecular weight:
- 112963
Reactions
Formate + NAD(+) = CO(2) + NADH. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoF
- Uniprot ID:
- P31979
- Molecular weight:
- 49292
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in formate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
- Specific function:
- Allows to use formate as major electron donor during aerobic respiration. Subunit alpha possibly forms the active site
- Gene Name:
- fdoG
- Uniprot ID:
- P32176
- Molecular weight:
- 112549
Reactions
Formate + NAD(+) = CO(2) + NADH. |
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H(+)
- Gene Name:
- lldD
- Uniprot ID:
- P33232
- Molecular weight:
- 42728
Reactions
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H(+). |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoC
- Uniprot ID:
- P33599
- Molecular weight:
- 68236
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoG
- Uniprot ID:
- P33602
- Molecular weight:
- 100298
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
- Gene Name:
- nuoL
- Uniprot ID:
- P33607
- Molecular weight:
- 66438
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol. |
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP). Only expressed at high levels during aerobic growth. NapAB complex receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme protein napC, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential function for nitrate assimilation and may have a role in anaerobic metabolism
- Gene Name:
- napA
- Uniprot ID:
- P33937
- Molecular weight:
- 93041
Reactions
Nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor. |
- General function:
- Involved in malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
- Specific function:
- (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
- Gene Name:
- mqo
- Uniprot ID:
- P33940
- Molecular weight:
- 60229
Reactions
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone. |
- General function:
- Involved in iron-sulfur cluster binding
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- glcF
- Uniprot ID:
- P52074
- Molecular weight:
- 45110
- General function:
- Involved in succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific function:
- Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
- Gene Name:
- sdhC
- Uniprot ID:
- P69054
- Molecular weight:
- 14299
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth
- Gene Name:
- hyaA
- Uniprot ID:
- P69739
- Molecular weight:
- 40681
Reactions
H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD2 is involved in hydrogen uptake
- Gene Name:
- hybO
- Uniprot ID:
- P69741
- Molecular weight:
- 39652
Reactions
H(2) + A = AH(2). |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in electron transfer (Probable)
- Gene Name:
- napG
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAL3
- Molecular weight:
- 24924
- General function:
- Involved in coenzyme binding
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- mdaB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEY5
- Molecular weight:
- 21891
- General function:
- Energy production and conversion
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- ykgE
- Uniprot ID:
- P77252
- Molecular weight:
- 26004
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in electron transfer
- Gene Name:
- napH
- Uniprot ID:
- P33934
- Molecular weight:
- 31873
- General function:
- Involved in cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome o terminal oxidase complex is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration
- Gene Name:
- cyoA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABJ1
- Molecular weight:
- 34911
Reactions
Ubiquinol-8 + O(2) = Ubiquinone-8 + H(2)O. |
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probable b-type cytochrome
- Gene Name:
- hyaC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAM1
- Molecular weight:
- 27597
- General function:
- Unknown function
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- ykgG
- Uniprot ID:
- P77433
- Molecular weight:
- 25212
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- glcE
- Uniprot ID:
- P52073
- Molecular weight:
- 38361
- General function:
- Involved in cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome o terminal oxidase complex is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration
- Gene Name:
- cyoD
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABJ6
- Molecular weight:
- 12029
- General function:
- Involved in protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins such as phoA or ompA. Acts by transferring its disulfide bond to other proteins and is reduced in the process. DsbA is reoxidized by dsbB. It is required for pilus biogenesis
- Gene Name:
- dsbA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AEG4
- Molecular weight:
- 23104
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Participates in the periplasmic electron-transferring activity of hydrogenase 2 during its catalytic turnover
- Gene Name:
- hybA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAJ8
- Molecular weight:
- 36003
- General function:
- Involved in lactate oxidation
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- ykgF
- Uniprot ID:
- P77536
- Molecular weight:
- 53052
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome oxidase subunit
- Gene Name:
- appB
- Uniprot ID:
- P26458
- Molecular weight:
- 42423
- General function:
- Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
- Specific function:
- Probably involved in the transfer of electrons from the quinone pool to the type-c cytochromes
- Gene Name:
- nrfD
- Uniprot ID:
- P32709
- Molecular weight:
- 35042
- General function:
- Involved in metal ion binding
- Specific function:
- Probable b-type cytochrome
- Gene Name:
- hybB
- Uniprot ID:
- P37180
- Molecular weight:
- 43602
- General function:
- Energy production and conversion
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome oxidase subunit
- Gene Name:
- appC
- Uniprot ID:
- P26459
- Molecular weight:
- 57919
- General function:
- Involved in electron carrier activity
- Specific function:
- Probably involved in the transfer of electrons from the quinone pool to the type-c cytochromes
- Gene Name:
- nrfC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AAK7
- Molecular weight:
- 24567
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration
- Gene Name:
- cydB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABK2
- Molecular weight:
- 42453
Reactions
Ubiquinol-8 + O(2) = Ubiquinone-8 + H(2)O. |
- General function:
- Involved in heme binding
- Specific function:
- Plays a role in nitrite reduction
- Gene Name:
- nrfB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABL1
- Molecular weight:
- 20714
- General function:
- Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
- Specific function:
- Aldose sugar dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity. The physiological substrate is unknown. Can oxidize glucose to gluconolactone. Can also utilize D-arabinose, L- arabinose and 2-deoxy-glucose. Has higher activity towards oligomeric sugars, such as maltose, maltotriose or cellobiose. It may function to input sugar-derived electrons into the respiratory network
- Gene Name:
- yliI
- Uniprot ID:
- P75804
- Molecular weight:
- 41054
- General function:
- Energy production and conversion
- Specific function:
- Small subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP). Only expressed at high levels during aerobic growth. NapAB complex receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme napC protein, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential function for nitrate assimilation and may have a role in anaerobic metabolism
- Gene Name:
- napB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABL3
- Molecular weight:
- 16297
- General function:
- Involved in cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome o terminal oxidase complex is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration. This ubiquinol oxidase shows proton pump activity across the membrane in addition to the electron transfer
- Gene Name:
- cyoB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABI8
- Molecular weight:
- 74367
Reactions
Ubiquinol-8 + O(2) = Ubiquinone-8 + H(2)O. |
- General function:
- Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycC
- Uniprot ID:
- P16429
- Molecular weight:
- 64076
- General function:
- Involved in protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
- Specific function:
- Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins such as phoA or ompA. Acts by oxidizing the dsbA protein
- Gene Name:
- dsbB
- Uniprot ID:
- P0A6M2
- Molecular weight:
- 20142
- General function:
- Energy production and conversion
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at low aeration
- Gene Name:
- cydA
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABJ9
- Molecular weight:
- 58205
Reactions
Ubiquinol-8 + O(2) = Ubiquinone-8 + H(2)O. |
- General function:
- Involved in heme binding
- Specific function:
- Mediates electron flow from quinones to the napAB complex
- Gene Name:
- napC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABL5
- Molecular weight:
- 23100
- General function:
- Involved in heme-copper terminal oxidase activity
- Specific function:
- Cytochrome o terminal oxidase complex is the component of the aerobic respiratory chain of E.coli that predominates when cells are grown at high aeration
- Gene Name:
- cyoC
- Uniprot ID:
- P0ABJ3
- Molecular weight:
- 22623
Reactions
Ubiquinol-8 + O(2) = Ubiquinone-8 + H(2)O. |
- General function:
- Involved in unfolded protein binding
- Specific function:
- Chaperone required for proper molybdenum cofactor insertion and final assembly of the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase 1. Required for the insertion of the molybdenum into the apo-NarG subunit, maybe by keeping NarG in an appropriate competent-open conformation for the molybdenum cofactor insertion to occur. NarJ maintains the apoNarGH complex in a soluble state. Upon insertion of the molybdenum cofactor, NarJ seems to dissociate from the activated soluble NarGH complex, before its association with the NarI subunit on the membrane
- Gene Name:
- narJ
- Uniprot ID:
- P0AF26
- Molecular weight:
- 26449
- General function:
- Involved in oxidation-reduction process
- Specific function:
- Specific function unknown
- Gene Name:
- hycD
- Uniprot ID:
- P16430
- Molecular weight:
- 33029