2.0 2012-05-31 13:03:59 -0600 2015-10-15 16:13:50 -0600 ECMDB01056 M2MDB000235 Dihydrofolic acid Dihydrofolic acid is a folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division. It can be targeted with drug analogs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. Dihydrofolic acid is also known by the name Dihydrofolate - more commonly Vitamin B9. 7,8-Dihydro-L-folate 7,8-Dihydro-L-folic acid 7,8-Dihydrofolate 7,8-Dihydrofolate monoglutamate 7,8-Dihydrofolic acid 7,8-Dihydropteroyl monoglutamate 7,8-Dihydropteroyl monoglutamic acid 7,8-Dihydropteroylglutamate 7,8-Dihydropteroylglutamic acid DHF DHFA Dihydrofolate Dihydrofolic acid FH2 H2PteGlu H2PteGlu1 H₂PteGlu₁ L-N-[p-[[(2-Amino-7,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-Glutamate L-N-[p-[[(2-Amino-7,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-Glutamic acid N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-Glutamate N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-Glutamic acid N-(4-{[(2-Amino-4-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamate N-(4-{[(2-Amino-4-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid N-(7,8-Dihydropteroyl)-L-glutamate N-(7,8-Dihydropteroyl)-L-glutamic acid N-[4-[[(2-Amino-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-Glutamate N-[4-[[(2-Amino-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-Glutamic acid N-[4-[[(2-Amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-Glutamate N-[4-[[(2-Amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-Glutamic acid C19H21N7O6 443.4133 443.155331439 (4S)-4-carboxy-4-[(4-{[(2-imino-4-oxido-1,2,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]butanoate (4S)-4-carboxy-4-[(4-{[(2-imino-4-oxido-7,8-dihydro-1H-pteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]butanoate 4033-27-6 NC1=NC2=C(N=C(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)CN2)C(=O)N1 InChI=1S/C19H21N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,12,21H,5-8H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H4,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s1 OZRNSSUDZOLUSN-LBPRGKRZSA-N Solid Cytosol logp 0.10 ALOGPS logs -3.64 ALOGPS solubility 1.10e-01 g/l ALOGPS logp -1 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 3.4 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 2.44 ChemAxon iupac (4S)-4-carboxy-4-[(4-{[(2-imino-4-oxido-1,2,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]butanoate ChemAxon average_mass 443.4133 ChemAxon mono_mass 443.155331439 ChemAxon smiles NC1=NC2=C(N=C(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)CN2)C(=O)N1 ChemAxon formula C19H21N7O6 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C19H21N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,12,21H,5-8H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H4,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey OZRNSSUDZOLUSN-LBPRGKRZSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 214.25 ChemAxon refractivity 153.39 ChemAxon polarizability 43.53 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 9 ChemAxon acceptor_count 12 ChemAxon donor_count 6 ChemAxon physiological_charge -2 ChemAxon formal_charge -2 ChemAxon Pyrimidine metabolism The metabolism of pyrimidines begins with L-glutamine interacting with water molecule and a hydrogen carbonate through an ATP driven carbamoyl phosphate synthetase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP, a phosphate, an L-glutamic acid and a carbamoyl phosphate. The latter compound interacts with an L-aspartic acid through a aspartate transcarbamylase resulting in a phosphate, a hydrogen ion and a N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. The latter compound interacts with a hydrogen ion through a dihydroorotase resulting in the release of a water molecule and a 4,5-dihydroorotic acid. This compound interacts with an ubiquinone-1 through a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, type 2 resulting in a release of an ubiquinol-1 and an orotic acid. The orotic acid then interacts with a phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate through a orotate phosphoribosyltransferase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an orotidylic acid. The latter compound then interacts with a hydrogen ion through an orotidine-5 '-phosphate decarboxylase, resulting in an release of carbon dioxide and an Uridine 5' monophosphate. The Uridine 5' monophosphate process to get phosphorylated by an ATP driven UMP kinase resulting in the release of an ADP and an Uridine 5--diphosphate. Uridine 5-diphosphate can be metabolized in multiple ways in order to produce a Deoxyuridine triphosphate. 1.-Uridine 5-diphosphate interacts with a reduced thioredoxin through a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase 1 resulting in the release of a water molecule and an oxidized thioredoxin and an dUDP. The dUDP is then phosphorylated by an ATP through a nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in the release of an ADP and a DeoxyUridine triphosphate. 2.-Uridine 5-diphosphate interacts with a reduced NrdH glutaredoxin-like protein through a Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1 resulting in a release of a water molecule, an oxidized NrdH glutaredoxin-like protein and a dUDP. The dUDP is then phosphorylated by an ATP through a nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in the release of an ADP and a DeoxyUridine triphosphate. 3.-Uridine 5-diphosphate is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in an ADP and an Uridinetriphosphate. The latter compound interacts with a reduced flavodoxin through ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase resulting in the release of an oxidized flavodoxin, a water molecule and a Deoxyuridine triphosphate 4.-Uridine 5-diphosphate is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in an ADP and an Uridinetriphosphate The uridine triphosphate interacts with a L-glutamine and a water molecule through an ATP driven CTP synthase resulting in an ADP, a phosphate, a hydrogen ion, an L-glutamic acid and a cytidine triphosphate. The cytidine triphosphate interacts with a reduced flavodoxin through a ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase resulting in the release of a water molecule, an oxidized flavodoxin and a dCTP. The dCTP interacts with a water molecule and a hydrogen ion through a dCTP deaminase resulting in a release of an ammonium molecule and a Deoxyuridine triphosphate. 5.-Uridine 5-diphosphate is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in an ADP and an Uridinetriphosphate The uridine triphosphate interacts with a L-glutamine and a water molecule through an ATP driven CTP synthase resulting in an ADP, a phosphate, a hydrogen ion, an L-glutamic acid and a cytidine triphosphate. The cytidine triphosphate then interacts spontaneously with a water molecule resulting in the release of a phosphate, a hydrogen ion and a CDP. The CDP then interacts with a reduced NrdH glutaredoxin-like protein through a ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2 resulting in the release of a water molecule, an oxidized NrdH glutaredoxin-like protein and a dCDP. The dCDP is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in an ADP and a dCTP. The dCTP interacts with a water molecule and a hydrogen ion through a dCTP deaminase resulting in a release of an ammonium molecule and a Deoxyuridine triphosphate. 6.-Uridine 5-diphosphate is phosphorylated by an ATP-driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in an ADP and an Uridinetriphosphate The uridine triphosphate interacts with a L-glutamine and a water molecule through an ATP driven CTP synthase resulting in an ADP, a phosphate, a hydrogen ion, an L-glutamic acid and a cytidine triphosphate. The cytidine triphosphate then interacts spontaneously with a water molecule resulting in the release of a phosphate, a hydrogen ion and a CDP. The CDP interacts with a reduced thioredoxin through a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase 1 resulting in a release of a water molecule, an oxidized thioredoxin and a dCDP. The dCDP is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in an ADP and a dCTP. The dCTP interacts with a water molecule and a hydrogen ion through a dCTP deaminase resulting in a release of an ammonium molecule and a Deoxyuridine triphosphate. The deoxyuridine triphosphate then interacts with a water molecule through a nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase resulting in a release of a hydrogen ion, a phosphate and a dUMP. The dUMP then interacts with a methenyltetrahydrofolate through a thymidylate synthase resulting in a dihydrofolic acid and a 5-thymidylic acid. Then 5-thymidylic acid is then phosphorylated through a nucleoside diphosphate kinase resulting in the release of an ADP and thymidine 5'-triphosphate. PW000942 ec00240 Metabolic Folate biosynthesis The biosynthesis of folic acid begins with a product of purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis pathway, GTP. This compound is involved in a reaction with water through a GTP cyclohydrolase 1 protein complex, resulting in a hydrogen ion, formic acid and 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3-triphosphate. The latter compound is dephosphatased through a dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase resulting in the release of a pyrophosphate, hydrogen ion and 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3-phosphate. The latter compound reacts with water spontaneously resulting in the release of a phosphate and a 7,8 -dihydroneopterin. This compound reacts with a dihydroneopterin aldolase, releasing a glycoaldehyde and 6-hydroxymethyl-7,9-dihydropterin. The latter compound is phosphorylated with a ATP-driven 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase resulting in a (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate. Chorismate is metabolized by reacting with L-glutamine through a 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase resulting in L-glutamic acid and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate. The latter compound then reacts through an aminodeoxychorismate lyase resulting in pyruvic acid,hydrogen ion and p-aminobenzoic acid. (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate and p-aminobenzoic acid react through a dihydropteroate synthase resulting in pyrophosphate and 7,8-dihydropteroic acid. This compound reacts with L-glutamic acid through an ATP driven bifunctional folylpolyglutamate synthetase / dihydrofolate synthetase resulting in a 7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate. This compound is reduced through an NADPH mediated dihydrofolate reductase resulting in a tetrahydrofate. This product goes on to a one carbon pool by folate pathway. PW000908 ec00790 Metabolic One carbon pool by folate Dihydrofolic acid, a product of the folate biosynthesis pathway, can be metabolized by multiple enzymes. Dihydrofolic acid can be reduced by a NADP-driven dihydrofolate reductase resulting in a NADPH, hydrogen ion and folic acid. Dihydrofolic acid can also be reduced by an NADPH-driven dihydrofolate reductase resulting in a NADP and a tetrahydrofolic acid. Folic acid can also produce a tetrahydrofolic acid through a NADPH-driven dihydrofolate reductase. Dihydrofolic acid also interacts with 5-thymidylic acid through a thymidylate synthase resulting in the release of dUMP and 5,10-methylene-THF Tetrahydrofolic acid can be converted into 5,10-methylene-THF through two different reversible reactions. Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with a S-Aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein through a aminomethyltransferase resulting in the release of ammonia, a dihydrolipoylprotein and 5,10-Methylene-THF Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with L-serine through a glycine hydroxymethyltransferase resulting in a glycine, water and 5,10-Methylene-THF. The compound 5,10-methylene-THF reacts with an NADPH dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H] resulting in NADP and 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid. This compound interacts with homocysteine through a methionine synthase resulting in L-methionine and tetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid can be metabolized into 10-formyltetrahydrofolate through 4 different enzymes: 1.- Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with FAICAR through a phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase resulting in a 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 2.-Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide through a phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 resulting in a Glycineamideribotide and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 3.-Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with Formic acid through a formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase resulting in water and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 4.-Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) through a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA(fMet) N-formyltransferase resulting in a L-methionyl-tRNA(Met) and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 10-formyltetrahydrofolate can interact with a hydrogen ion through a bifunctional 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase resulting in water and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid can be metabolized into 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid by reacting with a 5'-phosphoribosyl-a-N-formylglycineamidine through a phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 resulting in water, glycineamideribotide and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid. The latter compound can either interact with water through an aminomethyltransferase resulting in a N5-Formyl-THF, or it can interact with a NADPH driven bifunctional 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase resulting in a NADP and 5,10-Methylene THF. PW000773 ec00670 Metabolic Metabolic pathways eco01100 One Carbon Pool by Folate I Dihydrofolic acid, a product of the folate biosynthesis pathway, can be metabolized by multiple enzymes. Dihydrofolic acid can be reduced by a NADP-driven dihydrofolate reductase resulting in a NADPH, hydrogen ion and folic acid. Dihydrofolic acid can also be reduced by an NADPH-driven dihydrofolate reductase resulting in a NADP and a tetrahydrofolic acid. Folic acid can also produce a tetrahydrofolic acid through a NADPH-driven dihydrofolate reductase. Dihydrofolic acid also interacts with 5-thymidylic acid through a thymidylate synthase resulting in the release of dUMP and 5,10-methylene-THF Tetrahydrofolic acid can be converted into 5,10-methylene-THF through two different reversible reactions. Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with a S-Aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein through a aminomethyltransferase resulting in the release of ammonia, a dihydrolipoylprotein and 5,10-Methylene-THF Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with L-serine through a glycine hydroxymethyltransferase resulting in a glycine, water and 5,10-Methylene-THF. The compound 5,10-methylene-THF reacts with an NADPH dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H] resulting in NADP and 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid. This compound interacts with homocysteine through a methionine synthase resulting in L-methionine and tetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid can be metabolized into 10-formyltetrahydrofolate through 4 different enzymes: 1.- Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with FAICAR through a phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase resulting in a 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 2.-Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide through a phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 resulting in a Glycineamideribotide and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 3.-Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with Formic acid through a formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase resulting in water and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 4.-Tetrahydrofolic acid interacts with N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) through a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA(fMet) N-formyltransferase resulting in a L-methionyl-tRNA(Met) and a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate 10-formyltetrahydrofolate can interact with a hydrogen ion through a bifunctional 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase resulting in water and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid can be metabolized into 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid by reacting with a 5'-phosphoribosyl-a-N-formylglycineamidine through a phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 resulting in water, glycineamideribotide and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid. The latter compound can either interact with water through an aminomethyltransferase resulting in a N5-Formyl-THF, or it can interact with a NADPH driven bifunctional 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase resulting in a NADP and 5,10-Methylene THF. PW001735 Metabolic formylTHF biosynthesis I 1CMET2-PWY pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides <i>de novo</i> biosynthesis I PWY0-166 tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis PWY-6614 Specdb::MsMs 182781 Specdb::MsMs 182782 Specdb::MsMs 182783 Specdb::MsMs 183129 Specdb::MsMs 183130 Specdb::MsMs 183131 HMDB01056 98792 89228 C00415 15633 DIHYDROFOLATE DHF Dihydrofolate Keseler, I. 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"Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. 18331064 Navarro-Peran E, Cabezas-Herrera J, Garcia-Canovas F, Durrant MC, Thorneley RN, Rodriguez-Lopez JN: The antifolate activity of tea catechins. Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;65(6):2059-64. 15781612 Smith, Karin; Scrimgeour, K. G.; Huennekens, F. M. Folic acid coenzymes and one-carbon metabolism. XV. Synthesis of a new form of dihydrofolate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (1963), 11(5), 388-92. http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/000/949/original/HMDB01056.pdf?1358462753 Bifunctional protein folC P08192 FOLC_ECOLI folC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08192.xml Thymidylate synthase P0A884 TYSY_ECOLI thyA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A884.xml Dihydrofolate reductase P0ABQ4 DYR_ECOLI folA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0ABQ4.xml Dihydrofolate reductase folM P0AFS3 FOLM_ECOLI folM http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AFS3.xml Dihydrofolic acid + Hydrogen ion + NADPH <> NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid R00939 DIHYDROFOLATEREDUCT-RXN Adenosine triphosphate + 7,8-Dihydropteroic acid + L-Glutamate <> ADP + Dihydrofolic acid + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate R02237 DIHYDROFOLATESYNTH-RXN dUMP + 5,10-Methylene-THF <> Dihydrofolic acid + 5-Thymidylic acid R02101 THYMIDYLATESYN-RXN Tetrahydrofolic acid + NAD <> Dihydrofolic acid + NADH + Hydrogen ion R00936 Tetrahydrofolic acid + NADP <> Dihydrofolic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen ion R00939 Dihydrofolic acid + NAD <> Folic acid + NADH + Hydrogen ion R02235 Dihydrofolic acid + NADP <> Folic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen ion R02236 Adenosine triphosphate + 7,8-Dihydropteroic acid + L-Glutamate <> ADP + Phosphate + Dihydrofolic acid R02237 NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid < Hydrogen ion + NADPH + Dihydrofolic acid DIHYDROFOLATEREDUCT-RXN L-Glutamate + 7,8-Dihydropteroic acid + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + Dihydrofolic acid + Phosphate + ADP DIHYDROFOLATESYNTH-RXN dUMP + 5,10-Methylene-THF > 5-Thymidylic acid + Dihydrofolic acid THYMIDYLATESYN-RXN Tetrahydrofolic acid + NADP > Dihydrofolic acid + NADPH Adenosine triphosphate + 7,8-Dihydropteroic acid + L-Glutamate > ADP + Inorganic phosphate + Dihydrofolic acid Dihydrofolic acid + NADP + Dihydrofolic acid > Folic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen ion + NADPH PW_R002537 Dihydrofolic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen ion + Dihydrofolic acid + NADPH > Tetrahydrofolic acid + NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid PW_R002538 Dihydrofolic acid + 5-Thymidylic acid + Dihydrofolic acid > 5,10-Methylene-THF + dUMP + 5,10-Methylene-THF PW_R002540 dUMP + 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate + 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate mono-L-glutamate > Dihydrofolic acid + 5-Thymidylic acid + Dihydrofolic acid PW_R003540 7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate + Hydrogen ion + NADPH + Dihydrofolic acid + NADPH > NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid + Tetrahydrofolic acid PW_R003405 7,8-Dihydropteroic acid + Adenosine triphosphate + L-Glutamic acid + L-Glutamate > Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion + 7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate + ADP + Dihydrofolic acid PW_R003404 dUMP + 5 5,10-Methylene-THF <> Dihydrofolic acid +5 5-Thymidylic acid Dihydrofolic acid + Hydrogen ion + NADPH <> NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid Adenosine triphosphate + 7 7,8-Dihydropteroic acid + L-Glutamate <> ADP + Dihydrofolic acid + Hydrogen ion + Phosphate dUMP + 5 5,10-Methylene-THF <> Dihydrofolic acid +5 5-Thymidylic acid Dihydrofolic acid + Hydrogen ion + NADPH <> NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid Dihydrofolic acid + Hydrogen ion + NADPH <> NADP + Tetrahydrofolic acid