Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:03:49 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:09 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB01049
Identification
Name:gamma-Glutamylcysteine
DescriptionG-Glutamylcysteine is a product of enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase [EC 6.3.2.2] and a substrate of enzyme glutathione synthase [EC 6.3.2.3] in glutamate metabolism pathway (KEGG).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • γ-glutamylcysteine
  • γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • (Des-Gly)-Glutathione
  • 3GC
  • 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • 5-L-Glutamylcysteine
  • g-Glu-cys
  • G-Glutamylcysteine
  • G-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • Gamma-Glu-cys
  • Gamma-Glutamylcysteine
  • Gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • H-g-Glu-cys-OH
  • H-gamma-Glu-Cys-OH
  • H-Glu(Cys-OH)-OH
  • H-γ-Glu-cys-OH
  • L-g-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • L-g-Glutamylcysteine
  • L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • L-gamma-Glutamylcysteine
  • L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • L-γ-Glutamylcysteine
  • N-(1-Carboxy-2-mercaptoethyl)-L-Glutamine
  • N-L-g-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • N-L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-Cysteine
  • N-L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
  • XN-L-g-glutamyl-Glutamine
  • XN-L-gamma-glutamyl-Glutamine
  • XN-L-γ-Glutamyl-glutamine
  • γ-Glu-cys
  • γ-Glutamylcysteine
  • γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
Chemical Formula:C8H14N2O5S
Weight:Average: 250.272
Monoisotopic: 250.062342258
InChI Key:RITKHVBHSGLULN-WHFBIAKZSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H14N2O5S/c9-4(7(12)13)1-2-6(11)10-5(3-16)8(14)15/h4-5,16H,1-3,9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t4-,5-/m0/s1
CAS number:636-58-8
IUPAC Name:(2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:gamma-glutamylcysteine
SMILES:N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentN-acyl-alpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Cysteine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Amino acid
  • Alkylthiol
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:-1
Melting point:Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility2.62 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.5ALOGPS
logP-3.8ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.91ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.24ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area129.72 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity56.31 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability23.36 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
Glutathione metabolismPW000833 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
glutathione metabolism IIPW001927 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
glutathione metabolism IIIPW002018 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-054t-1920100000-5ce9a082971db6d9e2e9View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-054t-1920100000-5ce9a082971db6d9e2e9View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-053u-9630000000-344be03dbe2132b00c88View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00b9-8494000000-88b1eea1e1badaee084bView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0udi-0090000000-50bd1555ededc1afde80View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0udi-0290000000-385ca433f03af7530f47View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0ue9-5490000000-95d45a9cd2bb6249d3a2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-001i-9510000000-5f29ca903abe05256c83View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-001i-9510000000-5f29ca903abe05256c83View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0002-1490000000-bfce673369358b8079e9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-0690000000-c49357f0d28683125b6dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negativesplash10-002b-2490000000-41c54aabf6acd4d3b53eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-014j-9050000000-1137fb3c62232376669cView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-05fr-1790000000-2aaa1344429a2297cc6bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-4920000000-4ad42780853d5599c05bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-05fr-9400000000-b67fd0eaf646aa8f47b3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000t-1390000000-e723899e4ca71bda7600View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00sj-3960000000-9a2f96ad7d24e7546315View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00e9-9300000000-e14b428bbb5b63d3ae06View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00b9-0910000000-302a05e4e453b27bad64View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-004j-3900000000-da869ba294aa1d1e7c49View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-000x-9100000000-4bc7ff3637ea175068f0View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0zmi-0960000000-675f718188f5caad73abView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-001i-9600000000-13ddc5ab8de093dd11abView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-001i-9100000000-8b8a5550fa1112649784View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Andersson A, Isaksson A, Brattstrom L, Hultberg B: Homocysteine and other thiols determined in plasma by HPLC and thiol-specific postcolumn derivatization. Clin Chem. 1993 Aug;39(8):1590-7. Pubmed: 8353942
  • Andersson A, Isaksson A, Hultberg B: Homocysteine export from erythrocytes and its implication for plasma sampling. Clin Chem. 1992 Jul;38(7):1311-5. Pubmed: 1623596
  • Atamna H, Ginsburg H: The malaria parasite supplies glutathione to its host cell--investigation of glutathione transport and metabolism in human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Dec 15;250(3):670-9. Pubmed: 9461289
  • Diaz-Hernandez JI, Almeida A, Delgado-Esteban M, Fernandez E, Bolanos JP: Knockdown of glutamate-cysteine ligase by small hairpin RNA reveals that both catalytic and modulatory subunits are essential for the survival of primary neurons. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 25;280(47):38992-9001. Epub 2005 Sep 23. Pubmed: 16183645
  • Efferth T, Volm M: Glutathione-related enzymes contribute to resistance of tumor cells and low toxicity in normal organs to artesunate. In Vivo. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):225-32. Pubmed: 15796179
  • Iida M, Yasuhara T, Mochizuki H, Takakura H, Yanagisawa T, Kubo H: Two Japanese brothers with hereditary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(1):49-55. Pubmed: 15702405
  • Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Kinnula VL: Distribution of antioxidant enzymes in developing human lung, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Histochem Cytochem. 2004 Sep;52(9):1231-40. Pubmed: 15314090
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Levonen AL, Lapatto R, Saksela M, Raivio KO: Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase during development. Pediatr Res. 2000 Feb;47(2):266-70. Pubmed: 10674357
  • Lochman P, Adam T, Friedecky D, Hlidkova E, Skopkova Z: High-throughput capillary electrophoretic method for determination of total aminothiols in plasma and urine. Electrophoresis. 2003 Apr;24(7-8):1200-7. Pubmed: 12707912
  • Lou MF, Dickerson JE Jr, Tung WH, Wolfe JK, Chylack LT Jr: Correlation of nuclear color and opalescence with protein S-thiolation in human lenses. Exp Eye Res. 1999 May;68(5):547-52. Pubmed: 10328968
  • Martensson J, Kagedal B, Larsson A: Sulphur amino-acid degradation in subjects with hereditary glutathione synthetase deficiency (5-oxoprolinuria). Eur J Clin Invest. 1985 Dec;15(6):371-4. Pubmed: 3938407
  • Martensson J: Method for determination of free and total glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine concentrations in human leukocytes and plasma. J Chromatogr. 1987 Sep 4;420(1):152-7. Pubmed: 3667817
  • Njalsson R, Ristoff E, Carlsson K, Winkler A, Larsson A, Norgren S: Genotype, enzyme activity, glutathione level, and clinical phenotype in patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency. Hum Genet. 2005 Apr;116(5):384-9. Epub 2005 Feb 17. Pubmed: 15717202
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Posadino AM, Pasciu V, Perino MG, Tadolini B, Deiana L, Carru C: Highly sensitive simultaneous detection of cultured cellular thiols by laser induced fluorescence-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 2005 Mar;26(6):1063-70. Pubmed: 15706569
Synthesis Reference:Bridge, Wallace John; Zarka, Martin Hani. Enzymic production of g-glutamylcysteine. PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 76pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17515
HMDB IDHMDB01049
Pubchem Compound ID123938
Kegg IDC00669
ChemSpider ID110467
Wikipedia IDGamma-Glutamylcysteine
BioCyc IDL-GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE
EcoCyc IDL-GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE
Ligand Expo3GC

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine = ADP + phosphate + glutathione
Gene Name:
gshB
Uniprot ID:
P04425
Molecular weight:
35561
Reactions
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine = ADP + phosphate + glutathione.
General function:
Involved in glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
Specific function:
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine = ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
Gene Name:
gshA
Uniprot ID:
P0A6W9
Molecular weight:
58269
Reactions
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine = ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine.