<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>2.0</version>
  <creation_date>2012-05-31 13:00:58 -0600</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-09-13 12:56:09 -0600</update_date>
  <accession>ECMDB00745</accession>
  <m2m_id>M2MDB000182</m2m_id>
  <name>Homocarnosine</name>
  <description>Homocarnosine is an intermediate of arginine and proline metabolism. tis converted from 4-amino-butanoate via aminoacylhistidine dipeptidase. It consists of gamma-aminobutyric acid and histidine.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>G-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine</synonym>
    <synonym>G-Aminobutyrylhistidine</synonym>
    <synonym>Gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine</synonym>
    <synonym>Gamma-Aminobutyrylhistidine</synonym>
    <synonym>Homocarnosine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Homocarnosine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-Histidine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-Histidine</synonym>
    <synonym>γ-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine</synonym>
    <synonym>γ-Aminobutyrylhistidine</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C10H16N4O3</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>240.259</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>240.122240398</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>3650-73-5</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>NCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C10H16N4O3/c11-3-1-2-9(15)14-8(10(16)17)4-7-5-12-6-13-7/h5-6,8H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)/t8-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>CCLQKVKJOGVQLU-QMMMGPOBSA-N</inchikey>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Cytoplasm</cellular_location>
    <cellular_location>Periplasm</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.85</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.51</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>7.37e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-3.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.45</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>9.99</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>240.259</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>240.122240398</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>NCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C10H16N4O3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C10H16N4O3/c11-3-1-2-9(15)14-8(10(16)17)4-7-5-12-6-13-7/h5-6,8H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)/t8-/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>CCLQKVKJOGVQLU-QMMMGPOBSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>121.1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>59.75</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>24.49</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Arginine and proline metabolism</name>
      <description/>
      <pathwhiz_id/>
      <kegg_map_id>ec00330</kegg_map_id>
      <subject/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>inner membrane transport</name>
      <description>list of inner membrane transport complexes, transporting compounds from the periplasmic space to the cytosol
This pathway should be updated regularly with the new inner membrae transports added</description>
      <pathwhiz_id>PW000786</pathwhiz_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
      <subject>Metabolic</subject>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>635</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>636</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>637</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>17203</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30205</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30311</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30884</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37737</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>155367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074597</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074599</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074601</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074603</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074604</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074606</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1074608</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1515</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145190</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145191</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145192</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145193</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145194</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145195</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145196</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145197</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145198</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145199</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145200</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145201</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145202</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145203</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145204</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145205</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145206</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145207</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145208</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>145209</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1059</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4599</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4600</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4601</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4602</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4603</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4604</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4605</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4606</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4607</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4608</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4609</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4610</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4611</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>304051</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>304052</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>304053</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>347158</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>347159</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>347160</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437786</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437787</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1461</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00745</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>89235</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id>8418848</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C00884</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22080510</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>19212411</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Lenney JF, Peppers SC, Kucera CM, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: lack of serum carnosinase is the defect probably responsible for elevated brain and CSF homocarnosine. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):157-65.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>6616870</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Petroff OA, Mattson RH, Behar KL, Hyder F, Rothman DL: Vigabatrin increases human brain homocarnosine and improves seizure control. Ann Neurol. 1998 Dec;44(6):948-52.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9851440</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Petroff OA, Hyder F, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999 Feb;52(3):473-8.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>10025774</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Rothman DL, Behar KL, Prichard JW, Petroff OA: Homocarnosine and the measurement of neuronal pH in patients with epilepsy. Magn Reson Med. 1997 Dec;38(6):924-9.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9402193</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Pearl PL, Novotny EJ, Acosta MT, Jakobs C, Gibson KM: Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in children and adults.  Ann Neurol. 2003;54 Suppl 6:S73-80.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12891657</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Tell G, Bohlen P, Schechter PJ, Koch-Weser J, Agid Y, Bonnet AM, Coquillat G, Chazot G, Fischer C: Treatment of Huntington disease with gamma-acetylenic GABA an irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase: increased CSF GABA and homocarnosine without clinical amelioration. Neurology. 1981 Feb;31(2):207-11.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>6258106</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Promyslov MSh, Mirzoian RA: [Homocarnosine metabolism in brain tissue]  Vopr Biokhim Mozga. 1976;11:71-7.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>1032224</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Iurovskii SL, Orlov VI, Pogorelova TN, Drukker NA, Madan M: [Homocarnosine of the amniotic fluid as an indicator of fetal cerebral lesions] Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1989 Sep;(9):45-7.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>2596637</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Menachem EB, Persson LI, Schechter PJ, Haegele KD, Huebert N, Hardenberg J, Dahlgren L, Mumford JP: Effects of single doses of vigabatrin on CSF concentrations of GABA, homocarnosine, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in patients with complex partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1988 Mar-Apr;2(2):96-101.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>3143561</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Perry TL, Kish SJ, Sjaastad O, Gjessing LR, Nesbakken R, Schrader H, Loken AC: Homocarnosinosis: increased content of homocarnosine and deficiency of homocarnosinase in brain. J Neurochem. 1979 Jun;32(6):1637-40.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>448356</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Promyslov MSh, Mirzoian RA: [Study of homocarnosine metabolism in the brain tissue in diseases of the nervous system] Vopr Med Khim. 1976 Mar-Apr;22(2):209-12.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>1025883</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Manyam BV, Bhatt MH, Moore WD, Devleschoward AB, Anderson DR, Calne DB: Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis: cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and electrophysiological studies. Ann Neurol. 1992 Apr;31(4):379-84.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>1586138</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Sjaastad O, Gjessing L, Berstad JR, Gjesdahl P: Homocarnosinosis. 3. Spinal fluid amino acids in familial spastic paraplegia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1977 Feb;55(2):158-62.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>842287</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Sjaastad O, Berstad J, Gjesdahl P, Gjessing L: Homocarnosinosis. 2. A familial metabolic disorder associated with spastic paraplegia, progressive mental deficiency, and retinal pigmentation. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 Apr;53(4):275-90.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>1266573</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Lunde HA, Gjessing LR, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: influence of dietary restriction of histidine. Neurochem Res. 1986 Jun;11(6):825-38.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>3736769</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <synthesis_reference>Nagai, Kineshiro; Nagai, Kinuko. Treating inflammatory diseases with homocarnosine. U.S. (1985), 7 pp. </synthesis_reference>
  <msds_url>http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/000/664/original/HMDB00745.pdf?1358462233</msds_url>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppB</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AEF8</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppB</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AEF8.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppC</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AEG1</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AEG1.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppB</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AFH2</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OPPB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>oppB</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AFH2.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppC</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AFH6</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OPPC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>oppC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AFH6.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppD</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AAG0</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPD_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppD</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AAG0.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppF</name>
      <uniprot_id>P37313</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPF_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppF</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P37313.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Periplasmic dipeptide transport protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>P23847</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPA_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppA</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P23847.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <transporters>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppB</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AEF8</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppB</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AEF8.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport system permease protein dppC</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AEG1</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AEG1.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppB</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AFH2</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OPPB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>oppB</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AFH2.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Oligopeptide transport system permease protein oppC</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AFH6</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>OPPC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>oppC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AFH6.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Peptide transport system permease protein sapB</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AGH3</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>SAPB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>sapB</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AGH3.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Peptide transport system permease protein sapC</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AGH5</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>SAPC_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>sapC</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AGH5.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide and tripeptide permease B</name>
      <uniprot_id>P36837</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DTPB_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dtpB</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P36837.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Probable dipeptide and tripeptide permease YjdL</name>
      <uniprot_id>P39276</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>YJDL_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>yjdL</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P39276.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide permease D</name>
      <uniprot_id>P75742</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DTPD_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dtpD</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P75742.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide and tripeptide permease A</name>
      <uniprot_id>P77304</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DTPA_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dtpA</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77304.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppD</name>
      <uniprot_id>P0AAG0</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPD_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppD</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AAG0.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein dppF</name>
      <uniprot_id>P37313</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPF_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppF</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P37313.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Periplasmic dipeptide transport protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>P23847</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name>DPPA_ECOLI</uniprot_name>
      <gene_name>dppA</gene_name>
      <protein_url>http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P23847.xml</protein_url>
    </enzyme>
  </transporters>
  <reactions>
    <reaction_text>Homocarnosine + Adenosine triphosphate + Water + Homocarnosine &gt; Homocarnosine + Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + Hydrogen ion + ADP</reaction_text>
    <kegg_reaction_id/>
    <ecocyc_id/>
    <pw_reaction_id>PW_RCT000168</pw_reaction_id>
  </reactions>
  <concentrations>
  </concentrations>
</compound>
