Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 10:26:49 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:08 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB00462
Identification
Name:Allantoin
DescriptionAllantoin is a member of the chemical class known as Ureides. These are compounds containing an ureide group with the general structure R-CO-NH-CO-N(R)R'', formally derived by the acylation of urea. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. Allantoin is a compound involved in purine metabolism. It has two forms, (S)(+)-Allantoin and (R)(-)-Allantoin, though only the S form is found in E.coli. Enteric bacteria such as E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole source of nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, but cannot utilize it as a sole source of carbon The first step in allantoin degradation is the opening of the aromatic ring, yielding allantoate, performed by allantoinase. In the next step allantoate is hydrolyzed to S-ureidoglycine by allantoate amidohydrolase. Ureidoglycine spontaneously converts to Ureidoglycolate. Ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase then oxidizes ureidoglycolate to oxalurate. It is believed oxalurate is converted into oxamate and carbamoyl-phosphate, which can be further metabolized to CO2, ammonia and ATP. (PMID 10601204).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (S)-allantoin
  • 2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl-urea
  • 4-Ureido-2,5-Imidazolidinedione
  • 5-Ureido-Hydantoin
  • 5-Ureidohydantoin
  • 5-Ureidohydrantoin
  • Alantan
  • Allantoin
  • Allantoin (JAN/USP)
  • Allantol
  • Alloxantin
  • AVC/Dienestrolcream
  • Cordianine
  • D00121
  • Fancol TOIN
  • Glyoxyldiureid
  • Glyoxyldiureide
  • Glyoxylic diureide
  • N-(2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea
  • Psoralon
  • Sebical
  • Septalan
Chemical Formula:C4H6N4O3
Weight:Average: 158.1154
Monoisotopic: 158.043990078
InChI Key:POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C4H6N4O3/c5-3(10)6-1-2(9)8-4(11)7-1/h1H,(H3,5,6,10)(H2,7,8,9,11)
CAS number:97-59-6
IUPAC Name:(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea
Traditional IUPAC Name:allantoin
SMILES:NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazoles. Imidazoles are compounds containing an imidazole ring, which is an aromatic five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and three carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassAzoles
Sub ClassImidazoles
Direct ParentImidazoles
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Imidazole
  • Isourea
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboximidamide
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Imine
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:239 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:5.26 mg/ml [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogP:-1.991PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.73 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.9ALOGPS
logP-2.4ChemAxon
logS-1.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.95ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area113.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity32.02 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability12.89 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
allantoin degradation (anaerobic)PW002050 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
glycolate and glyoxylate degradationPW000827 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
inner membrane transportPW000786 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:Not Available
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uds-0911000000-d6d990e16a15b9f27262View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0920000000-abb5512bfc08cbdd004fView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f79-0900000000-bf39d4fc494ccd722796View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)splash10-00kr-4911230000-f2112ac79e45fb821ab6View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-0f8i-3933100000-45367e01790bfc8afd6eView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0zfr-4951100000-88808e71aea4d5ad7885View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9100000000-5f4cd23ea44234e5a455View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9100000000-c9c0d8a7f1e5f105a9c3View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uds-0911000000-d6d990e16a15b9f27262View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f79-0900000000-bf39d4fc494ccd722796View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00kr-4911230000-f2112ac79e45fb821ab6View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f8i-3933100000-45367e01790bfc8afd6eView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0zfr-4951100000-88808e71aea4d5ad7885View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0296-9700000000-45ea72c639ca30cd7783View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-02t9-8900000000-bb0a5fee22239a104e6fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-03dj-9000000000-09992debd5f3d399b902View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-01oy-9000000000-8fe7df22b2abb81b934aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (Unknown) , Positivesplash10-0006-9100000000-08b1881abaf98821d201View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-60) , Positivesplash10-0006-9100000000-297710f62f9699946151View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-066r-0900000000-4e30eec1c2a8c4cb7fa8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-5900000000-0e0e6cbea70e14292a57View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-006w-9000000000-d53fc563af9567f05b8aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-066r-0900000000-4e30eec1c2a8c4cb7fa8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-5900000000-0e0e6cbea70e14292a57View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-006w-9000000000-d53fc563af9567f05b8aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-066r-0900000000-4e30eec1c2a8c4cb7fa8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-5900000000-0e0e6cbea70e14292a57View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-006w-9000000000-d53fc563af9567f05b8aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-066r-0900000000-4e30eec1c2a8c4cb7fa8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-5900000000-0e0e6cbea70e14292a57View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-006w-9000000000-d53fc563af9567f05b8aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03k9-9600000000-775f532f9c5d9acd1ee6View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01vo-9400000000-a4e69e926b530e953cc3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-4c973a5209a8104a49e3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03k9-9600000000-775f532f9c5d9acd1ee6View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01vo-9400000000-a4e69e926b530e953cc3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-4c973a5209a8104a49e3View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03k9-9600000000-775f532f9c5d9acd1ee6View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01vo-9400000000-a4e69e926b530e953cc3View in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0006-9200000000-5ad052308edfab7b8c5fView in MoNA
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Alfazema LN, Howells S, Perrett D: Determination of allantoin in biofluids using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1998 Aug 21;817(1-2):345-52. Pubmed: 9764504
  • Becker BF, Kastenbauer S, Kodel U, Kiesl D, Pfister HW: Urate oxidation in CSF and blood of patients with inflammatory disorders of the nervous system. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1201-4. Pubmed: 15571231
  • Goldman SC, Holcenberg JS, Finklestein JZ, Hutchinson R, Kreissman S, Johnson FL, Tou C, Harvey E, Morris E, Cairo MS: A randomized comparison between rasburicase and allopurinol in children with lymphoma or leukemia at high risk for tumor lysis. Blood. 2001 May 15;97(10):2998-3003. Pubmed: 11342423
  • Grootveld M, Halliwell B: Measurement of allantoin and uric acid in human body fluids. A potential index of free-radical reactions in vivo? Biochem J. 1987 May 1;243(3):803-8. Pubmed: 3663100
  • Kand'ar R, Zakova P, Muzakova V: Monitoring of antioxidant properties of uric acid in humans for a consideration measuring of levels of allantoin in plasma by liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Mar;365(1-2):249-56. Epub 2005 Sep 27. Pubmed: 16194528
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Kastenbauer S, Koedel U, Becker BF, Pfister HW: Oxidative stress in bacterial meningitis in humans. Neurology. 2002 Jan 22;58(2):186-91. Pubmed: 11805243
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Lagendijk J, Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJ: The determination of allantoin, a possible indicator of oxidant status, in human plasma. J Chromatogr Sci. 1995 Apr;33(4):186-93. Pubmed: 7738135
  • Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30. Pubmed: 12829005
  • Pavitt DV, de Fonseka S, Al-Khalaf N, Cam JM, Reaveley DA: Assay of serum allantoin in humans by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 2002 Apr;318(1-2):63-70. Pubmed: 11880113
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15676
HMDB IDHMDB00462
Pubchem Compound ID204
Kegg IDC01551
ChemSpider ID199
WikipediaAllantoin
BioCyc IDALLANTOIN
EcoCyc IDALLANTOIN

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in allantoinase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of allantoin (5- ureidohydantoin) to allantoic acid by hydrolytic cleavage of the five-member hydantoin ring
Gene Name:
allB
Uniprot ID:
P77671
Molecular weight:
49601
Reactions
(S)-allantoin + H(2)O = allantoate.

Transporters

General function:
Involved in nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Transport of allantoin
Gene Name:
ybbW
Uniprot ID:
P75712
Molecular weight:
52456
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368