2.0 2012-05-31 10:25:06 -0600 2015-09-13 12:56:07 -0600 ECMDB00258 M2MDB000109 Sucrose Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. Sucrose can be used as a carbon/energy substrate by E. coli. The sucrose porin (ScrY) which resides in the bacterial outer membrane facilitate the passive diffusion of sucrose into the cell. Sucrose metabolism is controlled by the csc regulon. The csc regulon comprises three genes for a sucrose permease, a fructokinase, and a sucrose hydrolase (genes cscB, cscK, and cscA, respectively). α-D-glucopyranosyl β-D-fructofuranoside (+)-Sucrose a-D-Glucopyranosyl b-D-fructofuranoside Alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside B -D-Fructofuranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside D-(+)-Saccharose D-(+)-Sucrose D-Sucrose Glc(α1->2β)Fru GLC(a1->2b)fru Glc(alpha1->2beta)Fru GLC(α1->2β)fru Saccharose Saccharum Sucrose Sugar Table sugar White sugar α-D-Glucopyranosyl β-D-fructofuranoside C12H22O11 342.2965 342.116211546 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol sucrose 57-50-1 OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Solid Extra-organism Periplasm logp -2.63 ALOGPS logs 0.38 ALOGPS solubility 8.24e+02 g/l ALOGPS melting_point 185.5 oC logp -4.5 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 11.84 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3 ChemAxon iupac (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol ChemAxon average_mass 342.2965 ChemAxon mono_mass 342.116211546 ChemAxon smiles OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ChemAxon formula C12H22O11 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 189.53 ChemAxon refractivity 68.77 ChemAxon polarizability 31.04 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 5 ChemAxon acceptor_count 11 ChemAxon donor_count 8 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Starch and sucrose metabolism The metabolism of starch and sucrose begins with D-fructose interacting with a D-glucose in a reversible reaction through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a water molecule and a sucrose. D-fructose is phosphorylated through an ATP driven fructokinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through either a mannose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. The Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate is isomerized through a phosphoglucose isomerase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be incorporated by glucose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter. The beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate can also be produced by a D-glucose being phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glucokinase resulting in a ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate. The beta-D-glucose can produce alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate by two methods: 1.-Beta-D-glucose is isomerized into an alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate and then interacts in a reversible reaction through a phosphoglucomutase-1 resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate. 2.-Beta-D-glucose interacts with a putative beta-phosphoglucomutase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate can be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a glucose PTS permease. This compound is then isomerized into a Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate The beta-D-glucose can cycle back into a D-fructose by first interacting with D-fructose in a reversible reaction through a Polypeptide: predicted glucosyltransferase resulting in the release of a phosphate and a sucrose. The sucrose then interacts in a reversible reaction with a water molecule through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-fructose. Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can produce glycogen in by two different sets of reactions: 1.-Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with a hydrogen ion and an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The ADP-glucose then interacts with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an Amylose. The amylose then interacts with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in glycogen 2.- Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase resulting in a phosphate and a glycogen. Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can also interacts with UDP-galactose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase resulting in a galactose 1-phosphate and a Uridine diphosphate glucose. The UDP-glucose then interacts with an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase resulting in a uridine 5'-diphosphate, a hydrogen ion and a Trehalose 6- phosphate. The latter compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a trehalose PTS permease. Trehalose interacts with a water molecule through a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an alpha,alpha-trehalose.The alpha,alpha-trehalose can also be obtained from glycogen being metabolized through a glycogen debranching enzyme resulting in a the alpha, alpha-trehalose. This compound ca then be hydrated through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of an alpha-D-glucose and a beta-d-glucose. Glycogen is then metabolized by reacting with a phosphate through a glycogen phosphorylase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a dextrin. The dextrin is then hydrated through a glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin α-1,6-glucohydrolase resulting in the release of a debranched limit dextrin and a maltotetraose. This compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotetraose interacts with a phosphate through a maltodextrin phosphorylase releasing a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a maltotriose. The maltotriose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotriose can then interact with water through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-maltose. D-maltose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter The D-maltose can then interact with a maltotriose through a amylomaltase resulting in a maltotetraose and a D-glucose. The D-glucose is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate PW000941 ec00500 Metabolic Galactose metabolism Galactose can be synthesized through two pathways: melibiose degradation involving an alpha galactosidase and lactose degradation involving a beta galactosidase. Melibiose is first transported inside the cell through the melibiose:Li+/Na+/H+ symporter. Once inside the cell, melibiose is degraded through alpha galactosidase into an alpha-D-galactose and a beta-D-glucose. The beta-D-glucose is phosphorylated by a glucokinase to produce a beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate which can spontaneously be turned into a alpha D glucose 6 phosphate. This alpha D-glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized into a glucose -1-phosphate through a phosphoglucomutase-1. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase. Galactose can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose can also be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter. Galactose is degraded through the following process: Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell PW000821 ec00052 Metabolic Phosphotransferase system (PTS) ec02060 ABC transporters ec02010 Specdb::CMs 493 Specdb::CMs 494 Specdb::CMs 495 Specdb::CMs 15318 Specdb::CMs 30233 Specdb::CMs 30697 Specdb::CMs 30774 Specdb::CMs 31787 Specdb::CMs 37389 Specdb::CMs 137266 Specdb::CMs 145000 Specdb::CMs 1055594 Specdb::CMs 1055596 Specdb::CMs 1055598 Specdb::CMs 1055600 Specdb::CMs 1055602 Specdb::CMs 1055604 Specdb::CMs 1055606 Specdb::CMs 1055608 Specdb::CMs 1055610 Specdb::CMs 1055611 Specdb::CMs 1055613 Specdb::CMs 1055615 Specdb::CMs 1055617 Specdb::CMs 1055619 Specdb::EiMs 1756 Specdb::NmrOneD 1220 Specdb::NmrOneD 1293 Specdb::NmrOneD 3910 Specdb::NmrOneD 4186 Specdb::NmrOneD 4996 Specdb::NmrOneD 166519 Specdb::MsMs 448 Specdb::MsMs 449 Specdb::MsMs 450 Specdb::MsMs 3790 Specdb::MsMs 178587 Specdb::MsMs 178588 Specdb::MsMs 178589 Specdb::MsMs 180906 Specdb::MsMs 180907 Specdb::MsMs 180908 Specdb::MsMs 439024 Specdb::MsMs 2227157 Specdb::MsMs 2227566 Specdb::MsMs 2234291 Specdb::MsMs 2236230 Specdb::MsMs 2237135 Specdb::MsMs 2238398 Specdb::MsMs 2239203 Specdb::MsMs 2240377 Specdb::MsMs 2241307 Specdb::MsMs 2242436 Specdb::MsMs 2243439 Specdb::MsMs 2248756 Specdb::MsMs 2249642 Specdb::MsMs 2253031 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1009 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1243 HMDB00258 5988 5768 C00089 17992 SUCROSE SUC Sucrose Keseler, I. 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Tetrahedron Letters (2007), 48(23), 4111-4114. http://hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/000/190/original/HMDB00258.pdf?1358895907 PTS system mannitol-specific EIICBA component P00550 PTM3C_ECOLI mtlA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00550.xml Alpha-galactosidase P06720 AGAL_ECOLI melA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06720.xml PTS system beta-glucoside-specific EIIBCA component P08722 PTV3B_ECOLI bglF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08722.xml Phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase P08839 PT1_ECOLI ptsI http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08839.xml PTS system N-acetylglucosamine-specific EIICBA component P09323 PTW3C_ECOLI nagE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P09323.xml Phosphatase yidA P0A8Y5 YIDA_ECOLI yidA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A8Y5.xml PTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB component P19642 PTOCB_ECOLI malX http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xml PTS system fructose-specific EIIBC component P20966 PTFBC_ECOLI fruA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P20966.xml Maltodextrin glucosidase P21517 MALZ_ECOLI malZ http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P21517.xml PTS system arbutin-, cellobiose-, and salicin-specific EIIBC component P24241 PTIBC_ECOLI ascF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P24241.xml Alpha-glucosidase yihQ P32138 YIHQ_ECOLI yihQ http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P32138.xml Fructose-like PTS system EIIBC component P32154 PTFLB_ECOLI frvB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P32154.xml Fructose-like phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 3 P32676 PTFB3_ECOLI frwD http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P32676.xml PTS system trehalose-specific EIIBC component P36672 PTTBC_ECOLI treB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P36672.xml Galactitol-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component P37188 PTKB_ECOLI gatB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P37188.xml N-acetylgalactosamine-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 2 P42904 PTPB2_ECOLI agaV http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P42904.xml N-acetylgalactosamine-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 1 P42909 PTPB1_ECOLI agaB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P42909.xml Heat-responsive suppressor hrsA P54745 HRSA_ECOLI hrsA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P54745.xml Glucitol/sorbitol-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component P56580 PTHB_ECOLI srlE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P56580.xml Putative phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component sgcB P58035 SGCB_ECOLI sgcB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P58035.xml Glucose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIA component P69783 PTGA_ECOLI crr http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69783.xml PTS system glucose-specific EIICB component P69786 PTGCB_ECOLI ptsG http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xml N,N'-diacetylchitobiose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component P69795 PTQB_ECOLI chbB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69795.xml PTS system mannose-specific EIIAB component P69797 PTNAB_ECOLI manX http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69797.xml Fructose-like phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 1 P69808 PTFB1_ECOLI fryB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69808.xml Fructose-like phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component 2 P69816 PTFB2_ECOLI frwB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69816.xml Ascorbate-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component P69822 ULAB_ECOLI ulaB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69822.xml PTS system mannitol-specific cryptic EIICB component P69826 PTMCB_ECOLI cmtA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69826.xml Sugar phosphatase supH P75792 SUPH_ECOLI supH http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P75792.xml Putative sucrose phosphorylase P76041 SUCP_ECOLI ycjM http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P76041.xml PTS system N-acetylmuramic acid-specific EIIBC component P77272 PTYBC_ECOLI murP http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77272.xml Uncharacterized protein yigL P27848 YIGL_ECOLI yigL http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P27848.xml Phosphocarrier protein HPr P0AA04 PTHP_ECOLI ptsH http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AA04.xml 2-deoxyglucose-6-P phosphatase P77247 yniC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77247.xml sugar phosphatas P77625 yfbT http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77625.xml PTS system mannitol-specific EIICBA component P00550 PTM3C_ECOLI mtlA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00550.xml PTS system beta-glucoside-specific EIIBCA component P08722 PTV3B_ECOLI bglF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08722.xml PTS system N-acetylglucosamine-specific EIICBA component P09323 PTW3C_ECOLI nagE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P09323.xml PTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB component P19642 PTOCB_ECOLI malX http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xml PTS system fructose-specific EIIBC component P20966 PTFBC_ECOLI fruA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P20966.xml PTS system arbutin-, cellobiose-, and salicin-specific EIIBC component P24241 PTIBC_ECOLI ascF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P24241.xml Fructose-like PTS system EIIBC component P32154 PTFLB_ECOLI frvB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P32154.xml PTS system trehalose-specific EIIBC component P36672 PTTBC_ECOLI treB http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P36672.xml PTS system glucose-specific EIICB component P69786 PTGCB_ECOLI ptsG http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xml PTS system mannitol-specific cryptic EIICB component P69826 PTMCB_ECOLI cmtA http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69826.xml PTS system N-acetylmuramic acid-specific EIIBC component P77272 PTYBC_ECOLI murP http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77272.xml Sugar efflux transporter C P31436 SETC_ECOLI setC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P31436.xml Outer membrane protein N P77747 OMPN_ECOLI ompN http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77747.xml Outer membrane pore protein E P02932 PHOE_ECOLI phoE http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02932.xml Outer membrane protein F P02931 OMPF_ECOLI ompF http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02931.xml Outer membrane protein C P06996 OMPC_ECOLI ompC http://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06996.xml Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Sucrose > Pyruvic acid + Sucrose-6-phosphate Sucrose + Water <> D-Fructose + D-Glucose R00801 Sucrose + Water <> beta-D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucose R00802 Sucrose + Phosphate <> D-Fructose + Glucose 1-phosphate R00803 Raffinose + Water <> D-Galactose + Sucrose R01103 Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + Sucrose > protein EIIB + sugar phosphate Sucrose + Inorganic phosphate > D-Fructose + Alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate Sugar phosphate + Water > Sucrose + Inorganic phosphate Sucrose + Phosphate <> D-Fructose + Glucose 1-phosphate R00803 R06034 Sucrose + Water <> D-Fructose + D-Glucose + D-Fructose PW_R003504 UDP-Glucose + D-Fructose + D-Fructose <> Sucrose + Phosphate PW_R003518 D-Fructose + Alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-Fructose <> Phosphate + Sucrose PW_R003519