Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 09:56:23 -0600
Update Date2015-10-02 02:25:48 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB00060
Identification
Name:Acetoacetic acid
DescriptionAcetoacetic acid is a member of the chemical class known as Beta Keto-Acids and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the C3 carbon atom. Acetoacetic acid (also called diacetic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CO2H. It is the simplest beta-keto acid group and like other members of this class is unstable. (WikiPedia)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • β-ketobutyrate
  • β-ketobutyric acid
  • 3-Ketobutyrate
  • 3-Ketobutyric acid
  • 3-Oxo-butanoate
  • 3-Oxo-butanoic acid
  • 3-Oxobutanate
  • 3-Oxobutanic acid
  • 3-Oxobutanoate
  • 3-Oxobutanoic acid
  • 3-Oxobutyrate
  • 3-Oxobutyric acid
  • a-Ketobutyrate
  • a-Ketobutyric acid
  • Acetoacetate
  • Acetoacetic acid
  • Alpha-Ketobutyrate
  • Alpha-Ketobutyric acid
  • b-Ketobutyrate
  • b-Ketobutyric acid
  • Beta-Ketobutyrate
  • Beta-Ketobutyric acid
  • Diacetate
  • Diacetic acid
  • Oxobutyrate
  • Oxobutyric acid
  • α-Ketobutyrate
  • α-Ketobutyric acid
  • β-Ketobutyrate
  • β-Ketobutyric acid
Chemical Formula:C4H6O3
Weight:Average: 102.0886
Monoisotopic: 102.031694058
InChI Key:WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C4H6O3/c1-3(5)2-4(6)7/h2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)
CAS number:541-50-4
IUPAC Name:3-oxobutanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:acetoacetic acid
SMILES:CC(=O)CC(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassKeto acids and derivatives
Sub ClassShort-chain keto acids and derivatives
Direct ParentShort-chain keto acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Short-chain keto acid
  • Beta-keto acid
  • 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
  • Beta-hydroxy ketone
  • Ketone
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:-1
Melting point:36.5 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:1000.0 mg/ml [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogP:-0.416PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility240 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.47ALOGPS
logP-0.0015ChemAxon
logS0.37ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.02ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity22.54 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability9.18 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
Acetate metabolismPW002090 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Propanoate metabolismPW000940 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
ConcentrationStrainMediaGrowth StatusGrowth SystemTemperatureDetails
37± 9 uMBL21 DE3Luria-Bertani (LB) mediaStationary phase cultures (overnight culture)Shake flask37 oCExperimentally Determined
Download Details
Find out more about how we convert literature concentrations.
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-00kk-3940000000-008eb78d2ba3cfa053b4View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)splash10-000i-9500000000-c3940e591f8aef9d6aacView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)splash10-000i-9800000000-67a95675672c3f5447a7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-001i-4950000000-1778836b3908a79b814fView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-001i-4950000000-4039bb48c98ec17b5c0cView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00kk-3940000000-008eb78d2ba3cfa053b4View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-000i-9500000000-c3940e591f8aef9d6aacView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-000i-9800000000-67a95675672c3f5447a7View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-4950000000-1778836b3908a79b814fView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-4950000000-4039bb48c98ec17b5c0cView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-9f6c0d100736f4d183c9View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0100-9600000000-470bf0676151478bca3eView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-000i-9200000000-9b4ab7b6a41632cb125bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0udi-6900000000-cfab9d4cdb56acafe8ccView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0pb9-9800000000-108aa5ef93455fb1ba28View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-000i-9100000000-869e2338bbadb32272d4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 7V, negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-3f979a5a82ec557199d2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-000f-9000000000-2b35e5493fb76f714c22View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-05fr-9000000000-d2734268ae2c1230e50fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-0d73b25163774c0d1eb1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0f79-9400000000-081c4a1a05f5581a5ffbView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000l-9100000000-960a06fd90db43d3e0f6View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-bd091454ccc8f532b42eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0zfr-9700000000-b01f47bb6cd4f1043983View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9100000000-d2649829e8a79045e73bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-1486ce68d51ba83ed499View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0pb9-9400000000-2f187d15e3b22b7629d9View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9100000000-1e5e193606848f9d64b4View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-73a6b61cfeb4b8ae9612View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-de86214ccec455e1860bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-42af30a03d7e2d4c22fcView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-6aa1f4078505fa3b0971View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Bales JR, Higham DP, Howe I, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine. Clin Chem. 1984 Mar;30(3):426-32. Pubmed: 6321058
  • de Araujo Burgos MG, Bion FM, Campos F: [Lactation and alcohol: clinical and nutritional effects] Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2004 Mar;54(1):25-35. Pubmed: 15332353
  • Fritzsche I, Buhrdel P, Melcher R, Bohme HJ: Stability of ketone bodies in serum in dependence on storage time and storage temperature. Clin Lab. 2001;47(7-8):399-403. Pubmed: 11499803
  • Fulop M, Murthy V, Michilli A, Nalamati J, Qian Q, Saitowitz A: Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Feb 22;159(4):381-4. Pubmed: 10030312
  • Galey JB, Destree O, Dumats J, Genard S, Tachon P: Protection against oxidative damage by iron chelators: effect of lipophilic analogues and prodrugs of N,N'-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine- N,N'-diacetic acid (OR10141). J Med Chem. 2000 Apr 6;43(7):1418-21. Pubmed: 10753479
  • Heller MJ, Adams PW, Orosz CG: Evaluation of an automated method of percent reactive antibody determination. Hum Immunol. 1992 Nov;35(3):179-87. Pubmed: 1293081
  • Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. Pubmed: 8412012
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Krejsa CM, Schieven GL: Detection of oxidative stress in lymphocytes using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Methods Mol Biol. 2000;99:35-47. Pubmed: 10909075
  • Mahowald ML, Handwerger BS, Capertone EM Jr, Douglas SD: A comparative study of procedures for sheep erythrocyte-human-T-lymphocyte rosette formation. J Immunol Methods. 1977;15(3):239-45. Pubmed: 404361
  • Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem. 1995 Mar 1;67(5):793-811. Pubmed: 7762816
  • Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. Pubmed: 6696735
  • Oligny LL, Lough J: Hepatic sinusoidal ectasia. Hum Pathol. 1992 Aug;23(8):953-6. Pubmed: 1644440
  • Polsky-Fisher SL, Cao H, Lu P, Gibson CR: Effect of cytochromes P450 chemical inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies on human liver microsomal esterase activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Aug;34(8):1361-6. Epub 2006 May 23. Pubmed: 16720683
  • Saibara T, Onishi S, Sone J, Yamamoto N, Shimahara Y, Mori K, Ozawa K, Yamamoto Y: Arterial ketone body ratio as a possible indicator for liver transplantation in fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation. 1991 Apr;51(4):782-6. Pubmed: 2014530
  • Sato T, Oouchi M, Nagakubo H, Chiba T, Ogawa S, Sato C, Sugimura K, Fukuda M: Effect of pravastatin on plasma ketone bodies in diabetics with hypercholesterolemia. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1998 May;185(1):25-9. Pubmed: 9710942
  • Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. Pubmed: 15627241
  • Tanaka Y, Ohdan H, Onoe T, Mitsuta H, Tashiro H, Itamoto T, Asahara T: Low incidence of acute rejection after living-donor liver transplantation: immunologic analyses by mixed lymphocyte reaction using a carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling technique. Transplantation. 2005 May 15;79(9):1262-7. Pubmed: 15880082
  • Tasker RC, Lutman D, Peters MJ: Hyperventilation in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 Jul;6(4):405-11. Pubmed: 15982426
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Walker V, Mills GA, Mellor JM, Langley GJ, Farrant RD: A novel pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and acetoacetic acid adduct in hyperprolinaemia type II. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 May;331(1-2):7-17. Pubmed: 12691858
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Yeh YY, Sheehan PM: Preferential utilization of ketone bodies in the brain and lung of newborn rats. Fed Proc. 1985 Apr;44(7):2352-8. Pubmed: 3884391
  • Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. Pubmed: 8579834
Synthesis Reference:Lopez-Soriano, F. J.; Argiles, J. M. A simple method for the preparation of acetoacetate. Analytical Letters (1985), 18(B5), 589-92.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15344
HMDB IDHMDB00060
Pubchem Compound ID96
Kegg IDC00164
ChemSpider ID94
WikipediaAcetoacetic acid
BioCyc ID3-KETOBUTYRATE
EcoCyc ID3-KETOBUTYRATE
Ligand ExpoLIN

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in CoA-transferase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA
Gene Name:
atoD
Uniprot ID:
P76458
Molecular weight:
23526
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA.
General function:
Involved in CoA-transferase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA
Gene Name:
atoA
Uniprot ID:
P76459
Molecular weight:
22960
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA.

Transporters

General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Responsible for the intake of short-chain fatty acids
Gene Name:
atoE
Uniprot ID:
P76460
Molecular weight:
47527
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368