Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 09:56:05 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 15:15:16 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB00050
Identification
Name:Adenosine
DescriptionAdenosine is nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranose
  • 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-b-delta-ribofuranose
  • 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-b-δ-ribofuranose
  • 1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-Ribofuranose
  • 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-delta-Ribofuranose
  • 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose
  • 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-β-δ-ribofuranose
  • 6-amino-9b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 6-amino-9b-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 6-amino-9b-δ-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 6-Amino-9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 6-Amino-9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 6-amino-9β-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 6-amino-9β-δ-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine
  • 9-b-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-b-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-b-D-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9-b-delta-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-b-delta-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-b-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-b-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9-b-δ-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-b-δ-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-b-δ-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-b-δ-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9-beta-delta-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9-β-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-β-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-β-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-β-D-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9-β-δ-Arabinofuranosyladenine
  • 9-β-δ-Ribofuranosidoadenine
  • 9-β-δ-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9-β-δ-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9b-D-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9b-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9b-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9b-δ-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9b-δ-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-Purin-6-amine
  • 9beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-Purin-6-amine
  • 9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9β-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9β-D-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • 9β-δ-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine
  • 9β-δ-Ribofuranosyladenine
  • Adenine nucleoside
  • Adenine riboside
  • Adenine-9b-D-ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-9b-delta-ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-9b-δ-ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-9beta-D-Ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-9beta-delta-Ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-9β-D-ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-9β-δ-ribofuranoside
  • Adenine-D-ribose
  • Adenocard
  • Adenocor
  • Adenoscan
  • Adenosin
  • b-Adenosine
  • B-D-Adenosine
  • b-delta-Adenosine
  • b-δ-Adenosine
  • Beta-Adenosine
  • Beta-D-Adenosine
  • Beta-delta-Adenosine
  • Boniton
  • Myocol
  • Nucleocardyl
  • Sandesin
  • β-Adenosine
  • β-D-Adenosine
  • β-δ-Adenosine
Chemical Formula:C10H13N5O4
Weight:Average: 267.2413
Monoisotopic: 267.096753929
InChI Key:OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
CAS number:58-61-7
IUPAC Name:(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
Traditional IUPAC Name:adenosine
SMILES:NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPurine nucleosides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPurine nucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Purine nucleoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Purine
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Monosaccharide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Primary alcohol
  • Primary amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:235.5 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
LogP:-0.722PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility14 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.2ALOGPS
logP-2.1ChemAxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.45ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.92ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area139.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity63.2 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability25.28 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:
adenine and adenosine salvage IPW002069 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
adenine and adenosine salvage IIPW002071 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
adenine and adenosine salvage IIIPW002072 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
adenosine nucleotides degradationPW002091 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
purine ribonucleosides degradationPW002076 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
ConcentrationStrainMediaGrowth StatusGrowth SystemTemperatureDetails
0.13± 0.0 uMK12 NCM3722Gutnick minimal complete medium (4.7 g/L KH2PO4; 13.5 g/L K2HPO4; 1 g/L K2SO4; 0.1 g/L MgSO4-7H2O; 10 mM NH4Cl) with 4 g/L glucoseMid-Log PhaseShake flask and filter culture37 oCPMID: 19561621
62± 0 uMBW2511348 mM Na2HPO4, 22 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM NaCl, 45 mM (NH4)2SO4, supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mg/l thiamine·HCl, 5.6 mg/l CaCl2, 8 mg/l FeCl3, 1 mg/l MnCl2·4H2O, 1.7 mg/l ZnCl2, 0.43 mg/l CuCl2·2H2O, 0.6 mg/l CoCl2·2H2O and 0.6 mg/l Na2MoO4·2H2O. 4 g/L GlucoStationary Phase, glucose limitedBioreactor, pH controlled, O2 and CO2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h37 oCPMID: 17379776
Find out more about how we convert literature concentrations.
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)splash10-0f7w-1890000000-5c70a5423faa5e8eceafView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)splash10-001v-0691000000-8f88854b7d5adec5c558View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-001s-0790000000-cc3bcd977e11efd4ea25View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (4 TMS)splash10-00di-9460000000-3ae19bfaa5d2df72f9b1View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0gc0-0590000000-05874cecded3009c1f4dView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-0fsv-1792000000-b37fd6826f28aaf9e825View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0f7w-1890000000-5c70a5423faa5e8eceafView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-001v-0691000000-8f88854b7d5adec5c558View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-001s-0790000000-cc3bcd977e11efd4ea25View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9460000000-3ae19bfaa5d2df72f9b1View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0gc0-0590000000-05874cecded3009c1f4dView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fsv-1792000000-b37fd6826f28aaf9e825View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4v-9560000000-986f3b1dfa5d898ed7a2View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01c4-6912500000-ae103f43432726c1ad22View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014r-0890000000-588861a9494ab4680698View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-1900000000-dd7cbed8e76c6e783831View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-2900000000-c6644520b5943b59403dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-3d4fd8ea211eaed10531View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-cb58ec56a5faa09c9a02View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-9559aa07ec13a688fb16View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-f7c1371d8e1058df3a32View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0940000000-da71247788bf1ba222e2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-0920000000-f2e8ec028abdd674b5e3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-001i-0910000000-815ed65588c07415cd65View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-001i-1910000000-2780e737da8848411c4fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-053r-1900000000-c6c1128990661334c15bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-106e7131507fadd4befbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0910000000-1c53823486cd2c23f90eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-f0313435db4847490fd6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-000i-1900000000-dcd4c2972882dcd7535aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-000i-2900000000-5ee474864189cef6df64View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-17edf36faf6eb5750912View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-0591143763a0bad31c23View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-014i-0290000000-f1d71a97ce39145c8e31View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positivesplash10-00kr-0950000000-9bbdbb14aed287ad5ac8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-001i-0910000000-35f90965f1f3c2b3236bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-f360cca994696d7ae735View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0940000000-42bee9785f9b55b32eeaView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-c8cda6a661ace060572cView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Ballantyne PJ: Social context and outcomes for the ageing breast cancer patient: considerations for clinical practitioners. J Clin Nurs. 2004 Mar;13(3a):11-21. Pubmed: 15028034
  • Bennett, B. D., Kimball, E. H., Gao, M., Osterhout, R., Van Dien, S. J., Rabinowitz, J. D. (2009). "Absolute metabolite concentrations and implied enzyme active site occupancy in Escherichia coli." Nat Chem Biol 5:593-599. Pubmed: 19561621
  • Dodge-Kafka KL, Soughayer J, Pare GC, Carlisle Michel JJ, Langeberg LK, Kapiloff MS, Scott JD: The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated cAMP effector pathways. Nature. 2005 Sep 22;437(7058):574-8. Pubmed: 16177794
  • Dunne VG, Bhattachayya S, Besser M, Rae C, Griffin JL: Metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage correlate with vasospasm and clinical outcome: a pattern-recognition 1H NMR study. NMR Biomed. 2005 Feb;18(1):24-33. Pubmed: 15455468
  • Eells JT, Spector R: Purine and pyrimidine base and nucleoside concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Neurochem Res. 1983 Nov;8(11):1451-7. Pubmed: 6656991
  • Gheorghiade M, Teerlink JR, Mebazaa A: Pharmacology of new agents for acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):68G-73G. Pubmed: 16181825
  • Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597. Pubmed: 17379776
  • Jansen RW, Kruijt JK, van Berkel TJ, Meijer DK: Coupling of the antiviral drug ara-AMP to lactosaminated albumin leads to specific uptake in rat and human hepatocytes. Hepatology. 1993 Jul;18(1):146-52. Pubmed: 7686877
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Koeris M, Funke L, Shrestha J, Rich A, Maas S: Modulation of ADAR1 editing activity by Z-RNA in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Sep 21;33(16):5362-70. Print 2005. Pubmed: 16177183
  • Lee SH, Jung BH, Kim SY, Chung BC: A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of nucleosides in human urine using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with direct urine injection. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(9):973-7. Pubmed: 15116424
  • Maytin M, Colucci WS: Cardioprotection: a new paradigm in the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):26G-31G. Pubmed: 16181820
  • Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2(1):18. Pubmed: 15882454
  • Skalhegg BS, Funderud A, Henanger HH, Hafte TT, Larsen AC, Kvissel AK, Eikvar S, Orstavik S: Protein kinase A (PKA)--a potential target for therapeutic intervention of dysfunctional immune cells. Curr Drug Targets. 2005 Sep;6(6):655-64. Pubmed: 16178799
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Vidotto C, Fousert D, Akkermann M, Griesmacher A, Muller MM: Purine and pyrimidine metabolites in children's urine. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Sep;335(1-2):27-32. Pubmed: 12927681
  • Vijayendran, C., Barsch, A., Friehs, K., Niehaus, K., Becker, A., Flaschel, E. (2008). "Perceiving molecular evolution processes in Escherichia coli by comprehensive metabolite and gene expression profiling." Genome Biol 9:R72. Pubmed: 18402659
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Fujita T, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Shimizu K, Shiota M, Ohta S, Higashino K: Determination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):55-61. Pubmed: 9869364
Synthesis Reference:Liao, Ben-ren; Yuan, Zhen-wen. Synthesis of adenosine from inosine. Huaxue Shiji (2006), 28(10), 633-634.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID16335
HMDB IDHMDB00050
Pubchem Compound ID60961
Kegg IDC00212
ChemSpider ID54923
WikipediaAdenosine
BioCyc IDADENOSINE
EcoCyc IDADENOSINE
Ligand ExpoADN

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate
Gene Name:
phoA
Uniprot ID:
P00634
Molecular weight:
49438
Reactions
A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Degradation of external UDP-glucose to uridine monophosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, which can then be used by the cell
Gene Name:
ushA
Uniprot ID:
P07024
Molecular weight:
60824
Reactions
UDP-sugar + H(2)O = UMP + alpha-D-aldose 1-phosphate.
A 5'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
This bifunctional enzyme catalyzes two consecutive reactions during ribonucleic acid degradation. Converts a 2',3'- cyclic nucleotide to a 3'-nucleotide and then the 3'-nucleotide to the corresponding nucleoside and phosphate
Gene Name:
cpdB
Uniprot ID:
P08331
Molecular weight:
70832
Reactions
Nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H(2)O = nucleoside 3'-phosphate.
A 3'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Nucleotidase with a broad substrate specificity as it can dephosphorylate various ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside 5'- monophosphates and ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates with highest affinity to 3'-AMP. Also hydrolyzes polyphosphate (exopolyphosphatase activity) with the preference for short-chain- length substrates (P20-25). Might be involved in the regulation of dNTP and NTP pools, and in the turnover of 3'-mononucleotides produced by numerous intracellular RNases (T1, T2, and F) during the degradation of various RNAs. Also plays a significant physiological role in stress-response and is required for the survival of E.coli in stationary growth phase
Gene Name:
surE
Uniprot ID:
P0A840
Molecular weight:
26900
Reactions
A 5'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
A 3'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
(Polyphosphate)(n) + H(2)O = (polyphosphate)(n-1) + phosphate.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Nucleotidase that shows high phosphatase activity toward three nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, UMP, dUMP, and dTMP, and very low activity against TDP, IMP, UDP, GMP, dGMP, AMP, dAMP, and 6- phosphogluconate. Is strictly specific to substrates with 5'- phosphates and shows no activity against nucleoside 2'- or 3'- monophosphates. Might be involved in the pyrimidine nucleotide substrate cycles
Gene Name:
yjjG
Uniprot ID:
P0A8Y1
Molecular weight:
25300
Reactions
A 5'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
General function:
Involved in purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Specific function:
Cleavage of guanosine or inosine to respective bases and sugar-1-phosphate molecules
Gene Name:
deoD
Uniprot ID:
P0ABP8
Molecular weight:
25950
Reactions
Purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates several organic phosphomonoesters and catalyzes the transfer of low-energy phosphate groups from phosphomonoesters to hydroxyl groups of various organic compounds. Preferentially acts on aryl phosphoesters. Might function as a broad-spectrum dephosphorylating enzyme able to scavenge both 3'- and 5'-nucleotides and also additional organic phosphomonoesters
Gene Name:
aphA
Uniprot ID:
P0AE22
Molecular weight:
26103
Reactions
A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol + phosphate.
General function:
Involved in riboflavin synthase activity
Specific function:
Riboflavin synthase is a bifunctional enzyme complex catalyzing the formation of riboflavin from 5-amino-6-(1'-D)- ribityl-amino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione and L-3,4-dihydrohy-2- butanone-4-phosphate via 6,7-dimethyl-8-lumazine. The alpha subunit catalyzes the dismutation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-lumazine to riboflavin and 5-amino-6-(1'-D)-ribityl-amino-2,4(1H,3H)- pyrimidinedione
Gene Name:
ribE
Uniprot ID:
P0AFU8
Molecular weight:
23445
Reactions
2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine = riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine.
General function:
Involved in deaminase activity
Specific function:
Adenosine + H(2)O = inosine + NH(3)
Gene Name:
add
Uniprot ID:
P22333
Molecular weight:
36397
Reactions
Adenosine + H(2)O = inosine + NH(3).
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides with a broad-substrate specificity with decreasing activity in the order uridine, xanthosine, inosine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine
Gene Name:
rihC
Uniprot ID:
P22564
Molecular weight:
32560
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes cytidine or uridine to ribose and cytosine or uracil, respectively. Has a clear preference for cytidine over uridine. Strictly specific for ribonucleosides. Has a low but significant activity for the purine nucleoside xanthosine
Gene Name:
rihB
Uniprot ID:
P33022
Molecular weight:
33748
Reactions
A pyrimidine nucleoside + H(2)O = D-ribose + a pyrimidine base.
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. This small ubiquitous enzyme involved in the energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis, is essential for maintenance and cell growth
Gene Name:
adk
Uniprot ID:
P69441
Molecular weight:
23586
Reactions
ATP + AMP = 2 ADP.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Nucleotidase that shows strict specificity toward deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates and does not dephosphorylate 5'-ribonucleotides or ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates. Might be involved in the regulation of all dNTP pools in E.coli
Gene Name:
yfbR
Uniprot ID:
P76491
Molecular weight:
22708
Reactions
A 5'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Deaminates adenosine-34 to inosine in tRNA-Arg2. Mutation in this protein makes E.coli resistant to the toxic proteins encoded by the gef gene family. Essential for cell viability
Gene Name:
tadA
Uniprot ID:
P68398
Molecular weight:
18717
Reactions
Adenosine + H(2)O = inosine + NH(3).

Transporters

General function:
Involved in nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Nucleoside transport
Gene Name:
xapB
Uniprot ID:
P45562
Molecular weight:
46139
General function:
Involved in nucleoside:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Transports nucleosides with a high affinity except guanosine and deoxyguanosine. Driven by a proton motive force
Gene Name:
nupC
Uniprot ID:
P0AFF2
Molecular weight:
43475
General function:
Involved in nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Transports nucleosides with a high affinity. Driven by a proton motive force
Gene Name:
nupG
Uniprot ID:
P0AFF4
Molecular weight:
46389
General function:
Involved in nucleoside:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Nucleoside transporter
Gene Name:
nupX
Uniprot ID:
P33021
Molecular weight:
43409
General function:
Involved in nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Constitutes the receptor for colicin K and phage T6, and functions as substrate-specific channel for nucleosides and deoxynucleosides
Gene Name:
tsx
Uniprot ID:
P0A927
Molecular weight:
33589