Melibiose (ECMDB00048) (M2MDB000015)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical PropertiesBiological PropertiesSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesEnzymes (1)Transporters (7)XML
Proteins (404)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 09:56:02 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:05 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB00048
Identification
Name:Melibiose
DescriptionMelibiose is a disaccharide consisting of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage. This sugar is produced and metabolized only by enteric and lactic acid bacteria and other microbes. Melibiose can be broken down by gut microflora such as E. coli. Melibiose is first imported by the melibiose permease, MelB, and then converted to alpha-D-glucose and alpha-D-galactose by the galactosidase encoded by melA. (HMDB) In fact, E. coli K-12 is able to utilize melibiose as a sole source of carbon. (PMID 786627)
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms:
  • α-D-Galp-(1->6)-D-Glc
  • 6-(α-D-galactosido)-D-glucose
  • 6-(a-D-Galactosido)-D-glucose
  • 6-(a-delta-Galactosido)-delta-glucose
  • 6-(a-δ-galactosido)-δ-Glucose
  • 6-(alpha-D-Galactosido)-D-glucose
  • 6-(D-Galactosido)-D-glucose
  • 6-(D-Galactosido)-delta-glucose
  • 6-(D-galactosido)-δ-Glucose
  • 6-(α-D-galactosido)-D-Glucose
  • 6-O-α-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucose
  • 6-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose
  • 6-O-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose
  • 6-O-(alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose
  • 6-O-(α-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose
  • 6-O-a-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-Glucose
  • 6-O-a-delta-Galactopyranosyl-delta-glucose
  • 6-O-a-δ-Galactopyranosyl-δ-glucose
  • 6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-Glucose
  • 6-O-alpha-delta-Galactopyranosyl-delta-Glucose
  • 6-O-Hexopyranosylhexose
  • 6-O-α-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucose
  • 6-O-α-δ-Galactopyranosyl-δ-glucose
  • a-D-Galp-(1->6)-D-GLC
  • a-D-Melibiose
  • a-delta-Melibiose
  • a-Melibiose
  • a-δ-Melibiose
  • Alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-D-Glc
  • Alpha-D-Melibiose
  • Alpha-delta-Melibiose
  • Alpha-Melibiose
  • D-(+)-Melibiose
  • D-Gal-α(1->6)-D-glucose
  • D-Gal-a(1->6)-D-glucose
  • D-Gal-alpha(1->6)-D-glucose
  • D-Gal-α(1->6)-D-glucose
  • D-Melibiose
  • D-Mellibiose
  • Delta-(+)-Melibiose
  • Delta-Melibiose
  • Melibiose
  • Mellibiose
  • α-D-Galp-(1->6)-D-GLC
  • α-D-Melibiose
  • α-Melibiose
  • α-δ-Melibiose
  • δ-(+)-Melibiose
  • δ-Melibiose
Chemical Formula:C12H22O11
Weight:Average: 342.2965
Monoisotopic: 342.116211546
InChI Key:DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-ABXHMFFYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(14)8(17)10(19)12(23-3)21-2-4-6(15)7(16)9(18)11(20)22-4/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11?,12+/m1/s1
CAS number:585-99-9
IUPAC Name:(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-({[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Traditional IUPAC Name:epimelibiose
SMILES:OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentO-glycosyl compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Disaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:0
Melting point:84 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:1000.0 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility511 g/LALOGPS
logP-3ALOGPS
logP-4.7ChemAxon
logS0.17ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.25ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count11ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count8ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area189.53 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity68.34 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability30.85 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Water + Melibiose > D-Galactose + D-Glucose
Melibiose + Water <> D-Galactose + D-Glucose
D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Gal alpha 1->6D-Glucose + Water <> D-Galactose + Melibiose
Water + Melibiose > D-Galactose + b-D-Glucose
Melibiose + Water > Alpha-D-Galactose + Beta-D-Glucose + b-D-Glucose
SMPDB Pathways:
Galactose metabolismPW000821 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
inner membrane transportPW000786 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways:
EcoCyc Pathways:
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS)splash10-0uxr-0941000000-58f859df76fe1e87b22aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS)splash10-0udi-0941000000-58d4fa7d40972e66a89dView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0wmj-0951000000-0023b7689b93195cc520View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxr-0941000000-1bcc10f21d6677bb0060View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS; 1 MEOX)splash10-00di-9741000000-a0071ea1c00218406733View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS; 1 MEOX)splash10-00di-9841000000-2028da966c304a1cd6cfView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxr-0941000000-58f859df76fe1e87b22aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0941000000-58d4fa7d40972e66a89dView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0wmj-0951000000-0023b7689b93195cc520View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxr-0941000000-1bcc10f21d6677bb0060View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9741000000-a0071ea1c00218406733View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9841000000-2028da966c304a1cd6cfView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0wmj-0941000000-a42b8ddd325c04e1ac1aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0uxr-0941000000-e12e0f47b8ab7a54784eView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0iu0-2695000000-b644ad8ee930f0244c0fView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-014i-5652219000-e37450d07ee330d4fac3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-01ox-1709000000-e1aedea040f248898825View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-9501000000-dfecff3e8858cc005d12View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-9000000000-1e5c79ae513f06c8d563View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-004l-0309000000-5545d2826c364f86c437View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03e9-0902000000-842fab6069f2dd5af792View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0ikd-6940000000-16b9872436436b7073aeView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0006-1449000000-768cbc294d03684f91a8View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0229-5944000000-b042101ecaa99993cfe1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-054o-9620000000-97071ace9e7da2591fd0View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Almeida IC, Milani SR, Gorin PA, Travassos LR: Complement-mediated lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes by human anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies. J Immunol. 1991 Apr 1;146(7):2394-400. Pubmed: 1706399
  • Barboza Junior MS, Silva TM, Guerrant RL, Lima AA: Measurement of intestinal permeability using mannitol and lactulose in children with diarrheal diseases. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999 Dec;32(12):1499-504. Pubmed: 10585631
  • Colby SM, Harrington DJ, Russell RR: Identification and genetic characterisation of melibiose-negative isolates of Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res. 1995;29(5):407-12. Pubmed: 8521444
  • Furukawa K, Ying R, Nakajima T, Matsuki T: Hemagglutinins in fungus extracts and their blood group specificity. Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1995;12(4):223-31. Pubmed: 8919354
  • Gibbons RJ, Qureshi JV: Inhibition of adsorption of Streptococcus mutans strains to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite by galactose and certain amines. Infect Immun. 1979 Dec;26(3):1214-7. Pubmed: 528053
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Nicolopoulou A, Zoumbou K, Papageorgacopoulou N, Papapetropoulou M: Metabolic and compositional changes in Escherichia coli cells starved in seawater. Microbiol Res. 1994 Nov;149(4):343-50. Pubmed: 7842233
  • Rietra PJ, Van den Bergh FA, Tager JM: Properties of the residual alpha-galactosidase activity in the tissues of a Fabry hemizygote. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Aug 4;62(3):401-13. Pubmed: 809216
  • Schmid, K., Schmitt, R. (1976). "Raffinose metabolism in Escherichia coli K12. Purification and properties of a new alpha-galactosidase specified by a transmissible plasmid." Eur J Biochem 67:95-104. Pubmed: 786627
  • Sharma A, Ahmed H, Allen HJ: Isolation of a melibiose-binding protein from human spleen. Glycoconj J. 1995 Feb;12(1):17-21. Pubmed: 7795409
  • Steuer MK, Steuer M, Bonkowsky V, Gabius HJ, Hofstadter F: Characterization of sugar receptor expression by neoglycoproteins in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1995;252(5):292-7. Pubmed: 7576587
  • Tomita K, Nagura T, Okuhara Y, Nakajima-Adachi H, Shigematsu N, Aritsuka T, Kaminogawa S, Hachimura S: Dietary melibiose regulates th cell response and enhances the induction of oral tolerance. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Nov;71(11):2774-80. Epub 2007 Nov 7. Pubmed: 17986780
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Vaughan HA, Loveland BE, Sandrin MS: Gal alpha(1,3)Gal is the major xenoepitope expressed on pig endothelial cells recognized by naturally occurring cytotoxic human antibodies. Transplantation. 1994 Oct 27;58(8):879-82. Pubmed: 7524207
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Wu AM, Song SC, Chen YY, Gilboa-Garber N: Defining the carbohydrate specificities of aplysia gonad lectin exhibiting a peculiar D-galacturonic acid affinity. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 12;275(19):14017-24. Pubmed: 10799474
Synthesis Reference:Pictet, Ame; Vogel, Hans. The synthesis of melibiose. Helvetica Chimica Acta (1927), 10 280.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID28053
HMDB IDHMDB00048
Pubchem Compound ID440658
Kegg IDC05402
ChemSpider ID389538
Wikipedia IDMelibiose
BioCyc IDMELIBIOSE
EcoCyc IDMELIBIOSE

Enzymes

Protein Details
1. Alpha-galactosidase
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D- galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids
Gene Name:
melA
Uniprot ID:
P06720
Molecular weight:
50657
Reactions
Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.

Transporters

Protein Details
1. Melibiose carrier protein
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Responsible for melibiose transport. It is capable of using hydrogen, sodium, and lithium cations as coupling cations for cotransport, depending on the particular sugar transported (symport system)
Gene Name:
melB
Uniprot ID:
P02921
Molecular weight:
52217
Protein Details
2. Sugar efflux transporter C
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Involved in the efflux of sugars. The physiological role may be the detoxification of non-metabolizable sugar analogs
Gene Name:
setC
Uniprot ID:
P31436
Molecular weight:
43493
Protein Details
3. Sugar efflux transporter
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Involved in the efflux of sugars. The physiological role may be the reduction of the intracellular concentration of toxic sugars or sugar metabolites. Transports L-arabinose and to a lesser extent IPTG. Seems to contribute to the control of the arabinose regulon
Gene Name:
sotB
Uniprot ID:
P31122
Molecular weight:
42538
Protein Details
4. Outer membrane protein N
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
Protein Details
5. Outer membrane pore protein E
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
Protein Details
6. Outer membrane protein F
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
Protein Details
7. Outer membrane protein C
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368