2.02012-05-31 14:47:11 -06002015-06-03 17:20:05 -0600ECMDB20485M2MDB001300UDP-N-Acetylmuramyl-L-AlaUDP-n-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala is a precursor to peptidoglycan synthesis. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala), which is the nucleotide substrate of the D-glutamic-acid-adding enzyme (the murD gene product) catalyzes key steps in the pathway for peptidoglycan synthesis. (PMID 8098327) MurD (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine:D-glutamate ligase) is the second enzyme in the series of Mur ligases, and it catalyzes the addition of D-glutamic acid (D-Glu) to the cytoplasmic intermediate UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (UMA). (PMID 19007109) The peptidoglycan synthesis pathway starts at the cytoplasm, where in six steps the peptidoglycan precursor a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide is synthesized. This precursor is then attached to the memberane acceptor all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate, generating a N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-diphosphoundecaprenol, also known as lipid I. Another transferase then adds UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, yielding the complete monomeric unit a lipid II, also known as lipid II. This final lipid intermediate is transferred through the membrane. The peptidoglycan monomers are then polymerized on the outside surface by glycosyltransferases, which form the linear glycan chains, and transpeptidases, which catalyze the formation of peptide crosslinks.UDP-<i>N</i>-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanineUDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanineC23H33N4O20P2747.4704747.11633754(2R)-N-[(1R)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-{[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(1-oxidoethylidene)amino]oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanecarboximidate(2R)-N-[(1R)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-{[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-oxido-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(1-oxidoethylidene)amino]oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanecarboximidate[H][C@](C)(O[C@@]1([H])[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(CO)OC([H])(OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@]2([H])O[C@@]([H])(N3C=CC([O-])=NC3=O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]2([H])O)[C@]1([H])N=C(C)[O-])C([O-])=N[C@]([H])(C)C(O)=OInChI=1S/C23H36N4O20P2/c1-8(21(35)36)24-19(34)9(2)43-18-14(25-10(3)29)22(45-11(6-28)16(18)32)46-49(40,41)47-48(38,39)42-7-12-15(31)17(33)20(44-12)27-5-4-13(30)26-23(27)37/h4-5,8-9,11-12,14-18,20,22,28,31-33H,6-7H2,1-3H3,(H,24,34)(H,25,29)(H,35,36)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)(H,26,30,37)/p-3/t8-,9-,11-,12-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,20-,22?/m1/s1NTMMCWJNQNKACG-JKXSCJIPSA-KCytoplasmPeriplasmlogp-1.14logs-1.51solubility2.46e+01 g/llogp-3.1pka_strongest_acidic1.73pka_strongest_basic-3.7iupac(2R)-N-[(1R)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-{[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(1-oxidoethylidene)amino]oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanecarboximidateaverage_mass747.4704mono_mass747.11633754smiles[H][C@](C)(O[C@@]1([H])[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(CO)OC([H])(OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@]2([H])O[C@@]([H])(N3C=CC([O-])=NC3=O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]2([H])O)[C@]1([H])N=C(C)[O-])C([O-])=N[C@]([H])(C)C(O)=OformulaC23H33N4O20P2inchiInChI=1S/C23H36N4O20P2/c1-8(21(35)36)24-19(34)9(2)43-18-14(25-10(3)29)22(45-11(6-28)16(18)32)46-49(40,41)47-48(38,39)42-7-12-15(31)17(33)20(44-12)27-5-4-13(30)26-23(27)37/h4-5,8-9,11-12,14-18,20,22,28,31-33H,6-7H2,1-3H3,(H,24,34)(H,25,29)(H,35,36)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)(H,26,30,37)/p-3/t8-,9-,11-,12-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,20-,22?/m1/s1inchikeyNTMMCWJNQNKACG-JKXSCJIPSA-Kpolar_surface_area374.77refractivity183.2polarizability63.69rotatable_bond_count15acceptor_count20donor_count7physiological_charge-2formal_charge-3peptidoglycan biosynthesis I 2Peptidoglycan is a net-like polymer which surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria and functions to maintain cell shape and prevent rupture due to the internal turgor.In E. coli K-12, the peptidoglycan consists of glycan strands of alternating subunits of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) which are cross-linked by short peptides. The pathway for constructing this net involves two cell compartments: cytoplasm and periplasmic space. The pathway starts with a beta-D-fructofuranose going through a mannose PTS permease, phosphorylating the compund and producing a beta-D-fructofuranose 6 phosphate. This compound can be obtained from the glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase or from an isomerization reaction of Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase.The compound Beta-D-fructofuranose 6 phosphate and L-Glutamine react with a glucosamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, thus producing a glucosamine 6-phosphate and a l-glutamic acid. The glucosamine 6-phosphate interacts with phosphoglucosamine mutase in a reversible reaction producing glucosamine-1P. Glucosamine-1p and acetyl coa undergo acetylation throuhg a bifunctional protein glmU releasing Coa and a hydrogen ion and producing a N-acetyl-glucosamine 1-phosphate. Glmu, being a bifunctional protein, follows catalyze the interaction of N-acetyl-glucosamine 1-phosphate, hydrogen ion and UTP into UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and pyrophosphate. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine then interacts with phosphoenolpyruvic acid and a UDP-N acetylglucosamine 1- carboxyvinyltransferase realeasing a phosphate and the compound UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate. This compound undergoes a NADPH dependent reduction producing a UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate through a UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate and L-alanine react in an ATP-mediated ligation through a UDP-N-acetylmuramate-alanine ligase releasing an ADP, hydrogen ion, a phosphate and a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine. This compound interacts with D-glutamic acid and ATP through UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase releasing ADP, A phosphate and UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate. The latter compound then interacts with meso-diaminopimelate in an ATP mediated ligation through a UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase resulting in ADP, phosphate, hydrogen ion and UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate. This compound in turn with D-alanyl-D-alanine react in an ATP-mediated ligation through UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase to produce UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-gama-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-Dalanyl-D-alanine and hydrogen ion, ADP, phosphate. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-gama-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-Dalanyl-D-alanine interacts with di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate through a phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase, resulting in UMP and N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol which in turn reacts with a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine through a N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase to produce a hydrogen, UDP and Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-glutaminyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine. This compound ends the cytoplasmic part of the pathway. Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-glutaminyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine is transported through a lipi II flippase. Once in the periplasmic space, the compound reacts with a penicillin binding protein 1A prodducing a peptidoglycan dimer, a hydrogen ion, and UDP. The peptidoglycan dimer then reacts with a penicillin binding protein 1B producing a peptidoglycan with D,D, cross-links and a D-alanine.PW002062MetabolicUDP-<i>N</i>-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis III (<i>meso</i>-DAP-containing)PWY-6387Specdb::NmrOneD289875Specdb::NmrOneD289876Specdb::NmrOneD289877Specdb::NmrOneD289878Specdb::NmrOneD289879Specdb::NmrOneD289880Specdb::NmrOneD289881Specdb::NmrOneD289882Specdb::NmrOneD289883Specdb::NmrOneD289884Specdb::NmrOneD289885Specdb::NmrOneD289886Specdb::NmrOneD289887Specdb::NmrOneD289888Specdb::NmrOneD289889Specdb::NmrOneD289890Specdb::NmrOneD289891Specdb::NmrOneD289892Specdb::NmrOneD289893Specdb::NmrOneD289894Specdb::MsMs23171Specdb::MsMs23172Specdb::MsMs23173Specdb::MsMs29969Specdb::MsMs29970Specdb::MsMs2997125246252CPD0-1456Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.21097882Humljan, J., Kotnik, M., Contreras-Martel, C., Blanot, D., Urleb, U., Dessen, A., Solmajer, T., Gobec, S. (2008). "Novel naphthalene-N-sulfonyl-D-glutamic acid derivatives as inhibitors of MurD, a key peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzyme." J Med Chem 51:7486-7494.19007109UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligaseP14900MURD_ECOLImurDhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P14900.xmlUDP-N-acetylmuramate--L-alanine ligaseP17952MURC_ECOLImurChttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P17952.xmlUDP-N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Ala + Adenosine triphosphate + D-Glutamic acid > UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + ADP + PhosphatePW_R006033UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate + Adenosine triphosphate + L-Alanine > UDP-N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Ala + ADP + Phosphate + Hydrogen ionPW_R006034