2.02015-09-08 17:49:07 -06002015-09-08 17:49:07 -0600ECMDB24082M2MDB006199AmyloseC14H26O11370.3496370.1475116745-{[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxane-3,4-diol5-{[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxane-3,4-diolCOC1OC(CO)C(OC2OC(CO)C(OC)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1OInChI=1S/C14H26O11/c1-21-11-5(3-15)24-14(10(20)7(11)17)25-12-6(4-16)23-13(22-2)9(19)8(12)18/h5-20H,3-4H2,1-2H3PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-Nlogp-2.41logs-0.04solubility3.39e+02 g/llogp-3.4pka_strongest_acidic11.97pka_strongest_basic-3iupac5-{[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxane-3,4-diolaverage_mass370.3496mono_mass370.147511674smilesCOC1OC(CO)C(OC2OC(CO)C(OC)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1OformulaC14H26O11inchiInChI=1S/C14H26O11/c1-21-11-5(3-15)24-14(10(20)7(11)17)25-12-6(4-16)23-13(22-2)9(19)8(12)18/h5-20H,3-4H2,1-2H3inchikeyPTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area167.53refractivity77.84polarizability35.79rotatable_bond_count6acceptor_count11donor_count6physiological_charge0formal_charge0Starch and sucrose metabolismThe metabolism of starch and sucrose begins with D-fructose interacting with a D-glucose in a reversible reaction through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a water molecule and a sucrose. D-fructose is phosphorylated through an ATP driven fructokinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through either a mannose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.
The Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate is isomerized through a phosphoglucose isomerase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be incorporated by glucose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.
The beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate can also be produced by a D-glucose being phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glucokinase resulting in a ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate.
The beta-D-glucose can produce alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate by two methods:
1.-Beta-D-glucose is isomerized into an alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate and then interacts in a reversible reaction through a phosphoglucomutase-1 resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate.
2.-Beta-D-glucose interacts with a putative beta-phosphoglucomutase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate can be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a
glucose PTS permease. This compound is then isomerized into a Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate
The beta-D-glucose can cycle back into a D-fructose by first interacting with D-fructose in a reversible reaction through a Polypeptide: predicted glucosyltransferase resulting in the release of a phosphate and a sucrose. The sucrose then interacts in a reversible reaction with a water molecule through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-fructose.
Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can produce glycogen in by two different sets of reactions:
1.-Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with a hydrogen ion and an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The ADP-glucose then interacts with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an Amylose. The amylose then interacts with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in glycogen
2.- Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase resulting in a phosphate and a glycogen.
Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can also interacts with UDP-galactose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase resulting in a galactose 1-phosphate and a Uridine diphosphate glucose. The UDP-glucose then interacts with an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase resulting in a uridine 5'-diphosphate, a hydrogen ion and a Trehalose 6- phosphate. The latter compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a trehalose PTS permease. Trehalose interacts with a water molecule through a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an alpha,alpha-trehalose.The alpha,alpha-trehalose can also be obtained from glycogen being metabolized through a glycogen debranching enzyme resulting in a the alpha, alpha-trehalose. This compound ca then be hydrated through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of an alpha-D-glucose and a beta-d-glucose.
Glycogen is then metabolized by reacting with a phosphate through a glycogen phosphorylase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a dextrin. The dextrin is then hydrated through a glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin α-1,6-glucohydrolase resulting in the release of a debranched limit dextrin and a maltotetraose. This compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a
maltose ABC transporter. The maltotetraose interacts with a phosphate through a maltodextrin phosphorylase releasing a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a maltotriose. The maltotriose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotriose can then interact with water through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-maltose. D-maltose can also be incorporated through a
maltose ABC transporter
The D-maltose can then interact with a maltotriose through a amylomaltase resulting in a maltotetraose and a D-glucose. The D-glucose is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphatePW000941ec00500MetabolicSecondary metabolites: Trehalose Biosynthesis and MetabolismThrehalose biosynthesis begins with an Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacting with an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in the release of a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The latter compound interacts in a reversible reaction with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an amylose. Amylose then interacts in a reversible reaction with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in a glycogen
Glycogen can also be produced by a reversible reaction with Amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase, releasing a phosphate and a glycogen.
Glycogen is then transformed into trehalose through a glycogen debranching enzyme.
Trehalose then interacts with a water molecule through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of a Beta-D-glucose and an Alpha-D-glucose.
The beta-D-glucose is then phosphorylated by and ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.PW000968MetabolicSpecdb::CMs14092Specdb::CMs42783Specdb::CMs132982Specdb::CMs140716Specdb::NmrOneD112198Specdb::NmrOneD112199Specdb::NmrOneD112200Specdb::NmrOneD112201Specdb::NmrOneD112202Specdb::NmrOneD112203Specdb::NmrOneD112204Specdb::NmrOneD112205Specdb::NmrOneD112206Specdb::NmrOneD112207Specdb::NmrOneD112208Specdb::NmrOneD112209Specdb::NmrOneD112210Specdb::NmrOneD112211Specdb::NmrOneD112212Specdb::NmrOneD112213Specdb::NmrOneD112214Specdb::NmrOneD112215Specdb::NmrOneD112216Specdb::NmrOneD112217Specdb::MsMs24590Specdb::MsMs24591Specdb::MsMs24592Specdb::MsMs31148Specdb::MsMs31149Specdb::MsMs31150Specdb::MsMs2322805Specdb::MsMs2322806Specdb::MsMs2322807Specdb::MsMs2616231Specdb::MsMs2616232Specdb::MsMs2616233Maltodextrin phosphorylaseP00490PHSM_ECOLImalPhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P00490.xml1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzymeP07762GLGB_ECOLIglgBhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P07762.xmlGlycogen synthaseP0A6U8GLGA_ECOLIglgAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6U8.xmlAlpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + Amylose <> Phosphate + GlycogenPW_R003507Amylose <> GlycogenPW_R003508ADP-Glucose + Amylose <> Amylose + Adenosine diphosphate + ADPPW_R003512ADP-Glucose + Amylose <> Amylose + Adenosine diphosphate + ADPPW_R003512